The Tonga volcano has awakened, how to prevent the transoceanic tsunami?

Shane Cronin, a professor at the University of Auckland in New Zealand, said on the 16th that the scale of the volcanic eruption on the 15th far exceeded the two earlier eruptions on December 20, 2021 and January 13, 2022, and a large amount of fresh magma containing gas erupted from the crater, and the shock wave traveled thousands of kilometers.

Volcanic eruptions on the South Pacific island nation of Hong Aha Apai in Tonga also triggered tsunamis in Tonga and neighboring Fiji and Samoa.

These indications indicate that the volcano at the site of the incident has awakened, the eruption period can last for weeks or even years, and it is unclear whether the peak of the eruption has been reached at this time.

Tsunami waves were also monitored in the early morning of the 16th in China's coastal waters, but the process did not have a catastrophic impact on China's coast. Why was the mainland able to "avoid" this transoceanic tsunami?

Wang Peitao, an associate researcher at the Tsunami Warning Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources, said:

The energy of tsunamis triggered by volcanic eruptions is relatively weak compared to the tsunamis caused by large-scale submarine earthquakes that we usually talk about. At the same time, volcanic or meteorological tsunamis affected by the Ryukyu Islands and the Second Island Chain, as well as other islands in the western Pacific Ocean, coupled with the protection of the vast continents off the southeast coast of China, have weakened the force of transoceanic tsunamis entering the mainland.

Although tsunamis are small-probability events, they can cause huge disasters, and the edge of the Pacific Rim seismic belt in the waters surrounding the continent faces the dual threat of regional tsunamis and transoceanic tsunamis. Among them, for example, the southern trough of Japan, the Ryukyu Trench, and the Manila Trench in the eastern part of the South China Sea are still relatively large a threat to the mainland.

So when we ordinary people encounter a tsunami, how should we avoid danger?

First of all, we need to know what are the precursors of the tsunami:

(1) Earthquakes are the most obvious precursor to tsunamis.

(2) The sea will sink suddenly and cause the water to flow in the direction of sinking, resulting in a rapid ebb and flow.

(3) There are a large number of deep-sea fish on the beach, and the animals have abnormal behavior.

(4) Abnormal waves appear on the surface of the sea, and the tsunami's discharge wave head is very high, like a wall.

When a tsunami comes, if you are at the beach and find any of the above precursors, be sure to leave the sea immediately and quickly take refuge in a safe place such as the highlands. If you are rolled up in the process, cling to large floating objects, such as cabinets, trees, etc., and wait for rescue. After arriving safely at the shelter, always pay attention to the tsunami warning information, and do not return to the sea until the alarm is lifted.

In addition to the Tonga volcanoes, there are many active volcanoes on the seabed and on land across the globe. Let's take stock of sixteen famous active volcanoes.

Asia

Changbai Mountain Tianchi Volcano

Tianchi Volcano of Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province, is currently the most well-preserved Cenozoic multi-genesis composite volcano in mainland China, and the main peak, General Peak, is located in the North Korean side, with an altitude of 2749m.

Tengchong Volcano

The Tengchong volcanic area of Yunnan is the most significant geothermal display area in the active volcanic area of the mainland, such as the water temperature in the Atami region is around 100 °C. It is one of the youngest volcanic groups in China, and its size and integrity rank first in the country.

Mt. Fuji Volcano

Mt. Fuji in Japan is one of the largest active volcanoes in the world. It is currently dormant, but geologists still classify it as an active volcano.

Aso Volcano

Located in the northeastern part of Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan, Mount Aso is the symbol of Kumamoto and the origin of Kumamoto's reputation as the "Land of Fire". It is famous for its complex volcanoes with large calderas.

Bromo Volcano

Located in the eastern part of the Indonesian island of Java, Mount Bromo is 2,329 meters above sea level, with a north-south diameter of 800 meters and an east-west diameter of 600 meters.

Europe

Etna

Etna's name comes from the Greek word Atine, which means "I burned." It is an active volcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, with an altitude of more than 3200 meters, and is the highest active volcano in Europe.

Katra Volcano

Katra Volcano is the main volcano in Iceland. From 934 until 940, the eruption formed the world's largest volcanic canyon, 270 meters deep and 600 meters wide.

Marcilli submarine volcano

The Marcilli Submarine Volcano is the largest submarine volcano in Europe, with a height of 3,000 meters, a length of 70 kilometers and a width of 30 kilometers, located 150 kilometers southwest of the southern Italian city of Naples.

Americas

Kilauea Volcano

Kilauea in Hawaii, USA, is the world's most active volcano, and according to statistics, it erupted 45 times in the 20th century.

Yellowstone Volcano

The "supervolcano" in Yellowstone National Park in the United States is the first supervolcano in the world. It is one of the most destructive "supervolcanoes" on Earth lying in the heart of the United States, and its power is immeasurable.

Colima Volcano

Mount Colima is one of the most active and potentially destructive active volcanoes in Mexico, known as the "Volcano of Fire" and the "Volcano of Flames".

Mauna Loa Volcano

Mount Mauna Loa is an active shield-like volcano on the island of Hawaii, with a large crater at the summit called Moca viovio, which means "burning island".

Africa

Nilagongo Volcano

Neeragongo Volcano is a famous volcano in Africa, with an altitude of 3469 meters, it is an active volcano in the Virunga volcanic group in central Africa and one of the most dangerous volcanoes in Africa.

Dalor Volcano

Mount Dalor is the lowest terrestrial volcano in the world, at an altitude of 45 meters below sea level.

Meru Volcano

Located in northern Tanzania, Meru Volcano is one of the most famous active volcanoes in the world. The last eruption occurred about a hundred years ago.

Kilimanjaro

Located in northeastern Tanzania and about 160 km south of the Great Rift Valley, Kilimanjaro is the watershed between Tanzania and Kenya, the highest mountain in Africa, and a volcano and snow-capped mountain.

The episode of the podcast "TIANYU2FM – Talking about the Unknown Territory" that I want to recommend today is related to Mount Kilimanjaro, what has Fu Yao Cici, as a climbing enthusiast, experienced?

Fu Yao Cici climbed the mountain with his parents at a very young age and has now traveled through mountains in many corners of China and the world. She once reached the top of Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest peak on the African continent, and is a veteran climber with 10 years of experience.

For her, climbing is not just a sport, but a careful arrangement, but there are inevitably accidents. Her travel stories are filled with challenges to herself, satisfaction with life, and reflections on her goals in life.

"The mountain is right there... But our encounters were all chance. ”

In this episode, she highlights her experiences while climbing Mount Kilimanjaro. How exciting is climbing an active volcano? What do I need to pay attention to in this process? Let's listen~