Built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Shanghai Nanxiang Guyi Garden will celebrate its 500th birthday this year.
Today (January 17), a reporter from Jiefang Daily and Shangguan News learned from the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Greening and Appearance that the largest protective repair project in the past 40 years of Guyi Garden has come to an end, and 23 buildings have been revitalized again.
It is reported that Guyi Garden plans to open to the public before the Spring Festival.
Reduce interventions
The renovation project, which began in October 2020, was carried out in four phases and involved 23 buildings, 10 of which were the core protected buildings of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
"According to the protection level and damage of the building, the classification and grading repairs are carried out." Lin Xiaohua, deputy director of Guyi Garden, said that the renovation will minimize the degree of intervention as much as possible under the premise of ensuring the safety of cultural relics buildings.
The roofs of Yiye Hall, South Hall, plum blossom hall and other roofs have been renovated as a whole, and a waterproof layer has been added to eliminate the hidden danger of water leakage.
The Pavilion focuses on solving the problem of uneven settlement, no longer tilting to the water surface to ensure safety.
The White Crane Pavilion, the Hornless Pavilion, the Painted Moon, the Untied Boat, and the Iris Flying Fish Yuexuan pay attention to artistic details, reshaping the intangible clay sculptures and showing the beauty of classical gardens.
The spatial pattern of the South Hall and the Micro Music Pavilion has been integrated and optimized.
Before and after the repair of the corner pavilion
Before and after the renovation of the Micro Sound Pavilion
Before and after the renovation of the White Crane Pavilion
The remaining 13 buildings outside the core protection area, in coordination with the classical garden style, have also formulated targeted repair plans according to the current situation of each building.
Crane ShouXuan is a double pavilion, architect Qi Kang was involved in the design, the roof damage before the repair is acceptable, so the strategy of checking for leaks and filling in the gaps, focusing on the restoration of the crane clay sculpture in the corner of the house, and restoring the Shou Tao Men Cave according to the old photos, closely following the name of Crane Shou Xuan.
As a separation and transition between the old park of Guyi Garden and the eastern Qingqing Garden, Liuyin Bridge is a pavilion bridge, which has both the function of passage as a bridge and the leisure function of the pavilion providing shade and rain shelter.
Liuyin Bridge was designed and rebuilt by Liu Xujie, son of the famous architectural historian Liu Dunzhen, and the whole Pavilion Bridge has the style of Ming and Qing Dynasty garden architecture, which is simple and elegant.
According to its current situation, the staff of Guyi Garden carried out repair measures such as cleaning the roof and repairing the damaged paint.
Repair the old as old
Not only is the amount of work large, but the renovation also involves a variety of traditional handicrafts, and the candidates for the battle must be "old mages".
Clay sculpture is a typical decorative element of Jiangnan garden, the ancient garden in the Iris Flying Fish Yuexuan, White Crane Pavilion, South Hall, Crane Shouxuan and other roof clay sculptures in disrepair, damaged and missing, specially invited Suzhou traditional clay sculpture non-hereditary inheritors to repair, with plants and animals as the theme, with steel wire as the skeleton, the use of traditional paper gluten gray shaping, four or five days after solidification, and then with white mortar and ink color.
The restoration team repaired more than 100 clay sculptures this time, making the ingenious Seiko of a hundred years ago seem to have come to the world on a time machine.
Crane Shouxuan restores the crane clay sculpture, and the White Crane Pavilion reshapes the White Crane
Missing corner pavilion clay sculpture
Guang lacquer is a traditional paint material made from tung oil and raw lacquer. The paint film is hard, shiny, has a unique durability, anti-penetration, and is more used in humid areas in the south.
However, the extensive paint process is elaborate and complex, and there are about 12 processes to repair only one pillar.
What is more difficult is that the color will change after the paint is painted, and the quaint old building is most taboo to paint too brightly, nor can it be too plain for fear of being gorgeous, which requires long-term experience accumulation to master the heat, so that the color after one or two months of "washing" is "impartial" integrated into the entire classical garden.
"I specially invited many teachers to repeatedly test the old wood to make sure that there was no problem before I dared to formally paint it." Lin Xiaohua said that the treasure roof and the horned fist of the lacking corner pavilion, the flower window on the second floor of the untied boat, the kicking foot of the door opening of the Floating Pavilion, and the pane of the gable of the Plum Blossom Hall have all been treated with old age, with the beauty of simplicity.
The contrast between the two months after the renovation of The Yiye Hall and the wide paint has changed color significantly
Before and after the renovation of the Floating Pavilion
Future-proof
The last major overhaul of The Garden dates back to 1979, when Chinese architect Yang Tingbao presided over the renovation and restored The Yiye Hall, using the materials and construction techniques of the time. The main structure is reinforced concrete, and the small wooden works are outsourced with wooden components and wooden finishes, and the building as a whole imitates the Ming and Qing style, retaining the style and characteristics of classical garden architecture.
Although repairing the old is the basic principle, on the basis of respecting history, the craftsmen have made full use of new technical measures, which has greatly improved the safety and durability of the building and made the garden culture better oriented to the future.
Shanghai's humid climate is not conducive to the protection of ancient buildings, and this overhaul has particularly enhanced waterproof measures, and the addition of waterproof measures requires the roofing of the base layer to be leveled.
However, this time, Guyi Garden did not use the original traditional stucco base layer, but replaced it with lightweight concrete leveling.
During the construction of Yiye Hall, the craftsmen also left a foreshadowing pen - adding polypropylene tarpaulin to the roof structure, playing the role of finding the usual isolation of the roof structure, brushing waterproof paint after leveling, and finally using lime mortar as a base tile.
In this way, when repaired in the future, the upper and lower layers of polypropylene tarp can be separated again, presenting the original characteristic roof structure of Yiye Hall.
Comprehensive: Watch the news, look at the news
Author: Chen Xisha
Source: Shangguan News