In 1966, Liao Mosha wrote in the "Poems of Bang Deng Tuo": "There are no articles that have fallen into the society, and have never been fortunate to overthrow Qiankun. Liao Mosha wrote this poem with grief in his heart, both to mourn his friends and for himself, as the only survivor of Sanjia Village, Liao Mosha left this poem written with blood and tears.
From the perspective of Chinese history, as written in the poem, none of the dynasties and dynasties died because of certain articles and the ideas of certain people. Although the reasons for the overthrow are varied, they all have one thing in common, that is, the king faints and the traitor is in charge.
Since Qin Shi Huang, Chinese history has begun the persecution of literati and thinkers, always worried that a great dynasty will collapse because of an article. But in fact, many people who write articles are often full of idealistic feelings, and expressing their opinions and opinions is just to make society better. But catching the wind and catching the shadow is existence, far-fetched will be repeatedly tried and failed, standing on the moral high ground to cover other people's mouths, breaking other people's pens, but the more so, the more it will fall into the conspiracy of the villain, stolen by the villain, lose the awakening of the world, and the dynasty will fall into turmoil.
1. Xia Dynasty. The last monarch was absurd and unscrupulous, and his life was extremely corrupt, "building a palace, decorating Yaotai, making a Qiong room, and standing a jade gate", searching for beautiful women throughout the country, pampering his sister, and Saike Shu was said to be able to row a boat, and was elated when he saw people drowning. The loyal minister Guan Longfeng advised him, but the loyal words were against his ears, and he directly killed Guan. It was eventually replaced by Shang Tang.
2. Shang Dynasty. King Huan is extremely famous in history for his canonized gods. Spoil yourself, build a wine pond and meat forest, kill than dry, do great deeds, labor and hurt the people, and raise up the punishment of cannon burning. It was replaced by the Zhou Dynasty.
3. Zhou Dynasty. After the Zhou Dynasty entered the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it gradually survived in name only, and the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty was closely related to the last monarch, King Li of Zhou, and his grandson King You of Zhou. King Zhou Li is a contributor to the "road to the eye", blocking the mouth of the world. King You of Zhou was a "prince of beacon theatre", pampered and adulterous. Finally, inuyasha invaded the capital.
4. Qin Dynasty. Qin Shi Huang himself was indeed very good at martial arts. However, the "book burning pit Confucianism" not only failed to make Qin thousands of generations, but on the contrary aroused great resentment in people's hearts. The second Hu Hai, who trusted Zhao Gao, "referred to the deer as a horse", and cut Li Si at the waist, which had nothing to do with thoughts and articles, but instead restricted the courtiers' advice, thinking that if he blocked his ears, there would be no bad things.
5. Han Dynasty. In the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Hancheng favored Zhao Feiyan and abandoned the government, so that the power of foreign relatives gradually expanded, and the Han Emperor "broke his sleeves", favored Dong Xian, and also ignored the government, and then sent Wang Mang to usurp the throne. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Han Ling Emperor let the palace women wear open crotch pants, which can be described as unprecedented, the emperor was completely reduced to a eunuch and a puppet of foreign relatives, the Yellow Turban rebellion, and finally Dong Zhuo entered the lord.
6. Sui Dynasty. Yang Guangxiu's construction of the Grand Canal was naturally beneficial in the thousand autumns, but this man was self-conscious, expeditionary to Goryeo, the people were too heavy to serve, the suffering was unspeakable, the world was in chaos, and the second died.
7. Tang Dynasty. The culprit of the outbreak of the "Anshi Rebellion" was Li Longji, tang Xuanzong was still enlightened when he was young, and then he spoiled Yang Yuhuan and spoiled the traitorous villain. After the "Kaiyuan Prosperity", it is a downward spiral. The monarchs of the late Tang Dynasty were also incompetent.
8. Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty was naturally an artist. However, he favored Cai Jing, and Cai Jing himself used the so-called change of law to exclude dissidents, and the virtuous and loyal subjects were persecuted, and the imperial court fell into the hands of traitors. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jia Xiangdao deceived the emperor and boasted that his skills were first-class, he was afraid that people would talk about him, and he did not hesitate to spend money and officials to attract celebrities and cut off the way of speech. There is the "Promoting Weaving Classic", and the study of crickets is an expert that hastened the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty.
9. Yuan Dynasty. From the very beginning, the Yuan Dynasty implemented a system of racial discrimination, first-class Mongols, second-class Semites, third-class Northern Hans, and fourth-class Southern Hans, and the harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes were very serious, especially at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, as the most capable person in the Yuan Dynasty, he was impeached by his own people when he immediately attacked Zhang Shicheng. The great dynasty collapsed.
10. Ming Dynasty. Emperor Mingwu then began to walk downhill. Jiajing and the Wanli Emperor were both lords who had not been in the dynasty for decades, one refining Dan and one counting money. Although Zhang Juzheng reformed, he could not resist the favor of later emperors Wei Zhongxian, known as "nine thousand years old". By the time he arrived at the Chongzhen Emperor, it was already difficult to return, and he himself was capricious.
11. Qing Dynasty. The emperor of the Qing Dynasty was diligent and fast, but the prison of words was also the most serious in the entire history of China, and Qianlong Xiu's "Four Libraries of The Whole Book" was essentially to collect unfavorable remarks and destroy them all, and he also favored the corrupt officials and Yan, who had 800 million personal wealth. As soon as Qianlong died, there was civil unrest. The whole Qing Dynasty seemed lifeless, "Ten Thousand Horses Qi Jie". The Qing Dynasty had countless opportunities to move toward modern society at the end of the period, but it was always afraid of losing the Manchu rule because of reform, "preferring to be friends than domestic slaves." Cixi herself was naturally not an incompetent person, but she was short-sighted and lost all opportunities, forcing China's people with lofty ideals to overthrow the Qing Dynasty.
Throughout the dynasties, no dynasty has been destroyed because of articles and certain ideas, and the fall of the country is because the reigning monarch is not worthy of the throne, he is faint, he is spoiled and adulterous, and he is "pro-villain, far-reaching and virtuous". What is surprising is that the more the policy of "literal hell" is adopted, the more fragile and less dynamic the dynasty tends to be, and when dealing with chaos, it is vulnerable, because the restrictions are usually those who are capable and idealistic, and the rest are all sneakers, who will even fight back.
Reading history can know the rise and fall, and can give modern people a reference. The literati cannot mistake the state, make a few complaints, make some suggestions, write some articles, there is no harm, some are changed, none are encouraged, and in modern times this is also the right of each of us. The traitors and villains are the real culprits, who package themselves and disguise themselves as righteous people, but in fact they are moths that harm the country.