In our ancient history, there have been countless mysterious organizations, such as various non-governmental organizations, which are very legendary. In the official government, there are also such organizations, such as the JinyiWei during the Ming Dynasty, a mysterious organization directly under the jurisdiction of the emperor, which makes many people feel very curious. It is precisely because of this curiosity that people will study him more, so that now Jinyiwei is no longer mysterious to us, and we can often see his appearance in TV series.
But there is such an organization that rarely appears on television, and even many friends who know history are not very familiar with it.
But during the Ming Dynasty, the existence of this organization was even more powerful than that of the Jinyi Guards, and it really played the role of "badger" in the political arena. Speaking of this, many friends may think that it is the East Factory or the West Factory? In fact, it is not, the name of this organization is called the Metropolitan Inspection Bureau. So what kind of official positions are here, everyone may not be able to imagine.
In the Metropolitan Inspection Bureau, the official positions are all Yan officials, and their chiefs are the left and right capital Yushi, and I also have the deputy capital Yushi below, the Yudu Yushi, as early as the Yuan Dynasty, this mysterious organization also existed, which was called the Yushitai at that time. This organization had a pivotal position, and it played a supervisory role in the judicial organs at that time, and at the same time had the power to make judgments. Especially in the imperial court, those officials in the Metropolitan Court were even more respectful of the role of the emperor.
If you trace back to the origin of the Metropolitan Inspection Temple, you can only trace it back to the Spring and Autumn Period, but at that time it was not called a Yanguan. At that time, the Duke of Qi Huan set up the Great Counselor, and after the continuous development of the later period, he slowly transformed into a yan official. In the early days, although there was this official position, there was no corresponding department, all of which performed their own duties, but they were still highly valued. It was not until the Time of Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty that the most complete system of speech and officialdom appeared.
During the Ming Dynasty, the work of these officials in the Metropolitan Inspection Bureau was actually quite relaxed, generally speaking, they went to the Punishment Department to check whether there were any unjust and false cases, or went to the Military Department to see if anyone was eating empty pay. Therefore, such an important position is highly valued, and it must be taken by a very upright person.
In order to prevent some young people from being young, they are very serious and severe in the selection of strict passes, and they must go through layers of selection.
In the end, the selected people are some literati who are familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics, as well as the Eight Strands of Literature, and these people all have a common characteristic, that is, they pretend to be clean and high, and they think that they are rich in five cars to be high and eight buckets, but in fact, they are just a tendon to recognize the death reason, and they do not know how to be flexible. But it is precisely such talents who are most suitable for being a speaker, because they are difficult to be affected by the environment, and they are the most likely to maintain their original intentions.
In addition, in addition to these people, in fact, very few people are willing to become officials, after all, the official position is small, there is no oil and water to fish.
Zhu Yuanzhang, the ming emperor, hated the corruption of officials and established a regular system of supervising officials. In the thirteenth year of Hongwu (1380), he deposed Yushitai, and in the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1385), he was placed in the capital Chayuan. The chief is the left and right capital imperial history. The Imperial History and the Six Ministers were all Zheng Erpin, known to the Ming dynasty as the "Seven Secretaries", and the Imperial History was divided into thirteen provinces to supervise the Imperial History. The Inspector Ofe Yushi and the Six Branches were collectively known as "Section Dao Officials" in the matter, a total of one hundred and sixty and seventy people, who were often called "Speech Officials" and full-time impeachment of the Hundred Divisions. The rank of the supervision of the imperial history is not high, but on behalf of the emperor, it can be small and large, internal and external, especially the patrol of the imperial history, small things are decided, major matters are judged, and it is very authoritative, and it has become an important basis for purging the rule of officials. In particular, it should be noted that since the Ming Dynasty did not have a system of prime ministers, the imperial history of the capital was directly responsible to the emperor, and the six ministries, local governments, and the supervision of the imperial history and the administration of the matter were not subordinate, thus avoiding administrative interference with the officials due to their subordination and ensuring the effective play of the functions of the officials.
However, although they were petty officials, their power was still very large, and the purpose was to restrain the big officials with small officials, and at that time, even the prime minister was actually very polite to the officials and rarely offended them. After all, the officials were all following the emperor and directly advising the emperor, and even the emperor was very afraid of these people, who would easily provoke them?
The qualifications, selection and evaluation of the official system were so strict that the Ming Dynasty officials went to the norm after experiencing the severe punishment of Hongwu and achieved good results. In general, because there were officials like Hai Rui who carried coffins to death, there was such a group, so that the Ming Dynasty officials were better than other dynasties.
To achieve this, in addition to the strict requirements for the speaker himself, it is also necessary to effectively protect the official, and it is an important principle not to be guilty of speech. The Ming Dynasty inherited the tradition of the Song Dynasty not to kill readers in the system, and the Yan officials had a high reputation and credibility in society, although there were times when the Ming Dynasty had yan officials who were bad because of their words, such as Wang Yangming, who was degraded because of the shangshu Shen to save the yan officials, but in general, the yan officials could have a personal safety guarantee.
Because the Ming Dynasty placed great emphasis on cultivating morale from the perspective of moral sentiments, morale was high, and officials were conscientious and conscientious, even if they were not spared by the emperor. During the Wanli period, Yan guan Luo Yuren criticized the Wanli Emperor for "the emperor's misfortune, and his illness was in the wine-colored wealth and qi". The advice of the Yan officials to the emperor's misconduct became an interesting landscape in the Ming Dynasty, for example, the absurd Ming Wuzong always wanted to go out on a tour, and the Yan officials blocked the palace gate, even if they were on the board.
What's more, the Yan officials were not ashamed of being a sign of their duties and performing their duties for the Heavenly Path, but were not ashamed, but were proud of it, so that Wanli had a headache, saying that these Yan officials were seeking glory by "selling straight", and ordered the dismissal of Yan officials, which made many posts vacant, and at the same time, Wanli's government was even more corrupt, and finally led to the fall of the Ming Dynasty.
All in all, the Ming Dynasty was a dynasty without a prime minister, and xiang power was the most effective means of limiting imperial power. In this case, the Ming dynasty officials were pushed to the forefront, and before they could be checked and balanced by the prime minister, now they could only face the emperor. Moreover, under the system without power, the party and government have become more intense. How to challenge the authority of your opponent? How to uncover the scars of your opponent? The verbal officer is obviously a very good weapon.
But it is not difficult for us to find that the more Ming Junjun, the more he likes to listen to the scolding and correction of his courtiers. No one has any fault, and the emperor is the same, and a single word that insists on going his own way will surely make the emperor a generation of emperors. The Ming emperors of the Tang and Ming dynasties attached great importance to the opinions of their courtiers, and if they really told the emperor that they were anxious, it was common to belittle the courtiers a few times, or even go to prison, but there were almost no cases of heavy punishments and even loss of life.