In Guan Yu's life, the Battle of Xiangfan was undoubtedly its peak battle. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an, Guan Yu gradually gained the upper hand in the contest between Cao Ren and Cao Ren, and then advanced by land and water, besieging Xiangyang, attacking Fancheng, and taking advantage of the heavy autumn rains to flood the Seventh Army, destroying the entire army that came to the rescue of Yu Ban, and then besieging Fancheng. Guan Yu's power shocked Huaxia, causing Cao Cao to once have the idea of moving the capital to avoid Guan Yu's sharp edge. In the Battle of Xiangfan, in addition to Yu Ban, one of the five sons of Cao Wei, Guan Yu also captured Pound, a fierce general. Pound (?) –219), courtesy name Lingming, a native of Xidao County, Nan'an Commandery (南安郡, in modern Simen Town, Wushan County, Tianshui City, Gansu), was originally a military general under Ma Teng, who made many military achievements in the process of accompanying Ma Teng in his conquests and bravely championed the three armies. After Ma Teng was recruited by Cao Cao as a wei lieutenant, after being transferred to the imperial court, Pound belonged to Ma Chao.
After the defeat of Ma Chao's army, Pound joined him in surrendering to Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, and then Ma Chao surrendered to Liu Bei, and Pound remained under Zhang Lu's command, and after Cao Cao pacified Hanzhong, Pound joined Cao Cao. During the Battle of Xiangfan, Pound led his army to support Fancheng Cao Ren, and in the battle with Guan Yu, he shot An arrow hit Guan Yu in the forehead. Of course, in the flooded Seventh Army, Guan Yu took the opportunity to lead the water army to attack, and Pound and Yu Ban were completely destroyed. So, the question is, after Pound was captured by Guan Yu, why would he rather die than surrender? After all, his lord Gong Ma Chao had already surrendered to Liu Bei before.
One
First, in the Battle of Xiangfan, after Being captured by Guan Yu, Pound refused to surrender to Liu Bei's forces. At that time, Guan Yu persuaded Pound to surrender: "The brother of the foot is in Hanzhong, and the commander also wants to ask the foot to go down to be a general, why not surrender quickly?" However, Guan Yu's persuasion was scolded by Pound. As a result, Pound was killed by Guan Yu. Cao Cao was very sad to hear of this, and he wept over it, and made his second son a marquis. In this regard, in the author's opinion, the reason why Pound would rather die than fall is mainly divided into the following points. Among them, the first reason is that because Pound de cares about his family, he cannot surrender Guan Yu, which can be described as an important reason why Pound De cannot betray Cao Cao.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and The Biography of Guan Yu quotes the Book of Shu as saying: Pang Dezihui, Sui Zhong, Deng Fa Shu, Shu Broken, destroyed the Guan family.
For Pound, after Cao Cao pacified Zhang Lu, he also surrendered. On this basis, Pound's four sons, namely Pang Hui and others, were naturally also within Cao Wei's sphere of influence. Therefore, it is precisely because the family is under the control of Cao Wei that Pound de does not dare to betray Cao Cao and surrender to Guan Yu. In other words, although in the Battle of Xiangfan, Pound, like Yu Ban and others, suffered defeat. However, victory and defeat were common to soldiers, and Cao Cao would not be angry with Pound's family because of this. However, once Guan Yu was surrendered, it would be difficult to gain Cao Cao's forgiveness, and it would be even more difficult to save his family.
Two
For example, in the second year of Zhang Wu (222), in the Battle of Yiling, the shu Han jiangnan front troops were defeated, and Liu Bei retreated. Since the road back to Shu was completely blocked by the Wu army, Huang Quan could not return to Shu, so he had to lead his subordinates to surrender to the State of Wei. On this basis, the Shu Han court was ready to arrest Huang Quan's family, and Liu Bei said: "I am sorry for Huang Quan, and Huang Quan is not sorry for me." So he still treated his family as before. From this, it is very obvious that during the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, after the general who fought abroad surrendered to the enemy, his family was likely to be difficult to save. As far as Huang Quan was concerned, if he had not met a benevolent lord like Liu Bei, his family in Shudi might have been killed.
Therefore, for Pound, although his lord Ma Chao had surrendered to Liu Bei, his cousin Pang Rou was also in Hanzhong. However, because of the rat trap, Pound not only could not surrender Liu Bei's forces, but also needed to rebuke Guan Yu with righteous words, reflecting his and Guan Yu's incompatible attitude. On the other hand, the reason why Pound would rather die than surrender is to maintain his reputation and not to leave a reputation of capriciousness. During the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, Lü Bu defected to many lords because of his capriciousness, so he left a negative evaluation in people's minds.
Three
For Pound, he was once Ma Teng's subordinate. After Ma Teng was recruited by Cao Cao as a wei lieutenant, Pound belonged to Ma Chao. After the defeat of Ma Chao's army, Pound went with him to Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. In 215, after Cao Cao pacified Hanzhong, Pound became a military general under Cao Cao. In October of the 23rd year of Jian'an (218), Hou Yin, Wei Kai, and others rebelled in Wancheng, and Pound led the army to attack Wancheng with Cao Ren. In the first month of the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Hou Yin and Wei Kai were stationed south at Fancheng to curry favor with Guan Yu. It is worth noting that the generals of Fancheng thought that Pang De's brother Pang Rou was in Hanzhong and was quite suspicious of Pang De, that is, in the eyes of Cao Ren and other generals, Pang De might betray Cao Wei and surrender to Liu Bei's side.
Of course, Pound has shown in action that he does not want to leave a controversial reputation. Although in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, the surrender of generals was a relatively common group, such as the Five Tiger Generals of the Shu Han Dynasty, the Five Sons of Cao Wei, and the Tiger Ministers of JiangBiao, there were many experiences of descending generals. However, if it is capricious and betrays the lord many times, it will obviously be criticized. As a result, Pondin died and was able to save his honor.
Four
Finally, in addition, Pound is unwilling to return to Guan Yu, and it is likely that he will not be able to face Ma Chao. In the sixteenth year of Jian'an (211), Ma Teng's son Ma Chao raised an army against Cao Cao. The following year, he and his two sons were killed by Cao Cao and exterminated. For Pound's former lord Ma Teng, he died at the hands of Cao Cao. In the twentieth year of Jian'an (215), when The first day of the first lunar month, Ma Chao's concubine Dong Zhong's younger brother Dong Zhonglai congratulated Ma Chao on the New Year, and Ma Chao beat his chest and vomited blood and said: "More than a hundred people in the family were all killed, and now the two of us have anything to celebrate?" For Ma Chao, his wife and other family members also agreed to die at the hands of Cao Cao. Therefore, it is very obvious that in Ma Chao's mind, and Cao Cao can be said to have a deep sense of blood. However, as far as Pound was concerned, he followed Cao Cao and became a military general of Cao Wei. Now that Pound was captured by Guan Yu, if Pound was willing to surrender, it was likely that he would be sent back to Yizhou. After coming to Yizhou, Pound was obviously difficult to face Ma Chao.
Therefore, the reason why Pound was unwilling to surrender Liu Bei's forces was naturally easier to understand. In the first year of Yankang (220), after Cao Cao's death, the Wei Emperor Cao Pi took the throne and sent emissaries to Pound's mausoleum to send the title. Regarding Pang Dening's unborn behavior, Cao Pi said: "In the past, the ancestors mourned yuan, the king was absolutely dead, the body was in the festival, and the previous generation was beautiful. However, Hou Style Zhao Guo Yi, who became famous in the difficulty, overflowed at that time, righteousness was high in the past, widows were ashamed, and the Marquis of Zhuang was known as the Marquis of Zhuang." In the first four years (243), the Cao Wei general Pang De was enshrined in the temple court of Wei Taizu, which was undoubtedly a very high honor for Pang De. Compared with Pound, who preferred to die rather than surrender, Yu Ban, one of the five sons of Liang, was humiliated by the Wei Emperor Cao Pi, and even died in shame, and because he surrendered to Guan Yu, he received a negative evaluation. What do you think about that?