Super shocking!
The South Pacific island nation of Tonga erupted in the submarine volcano, the volcanic ash of the eruption is clearly visible in space, multiple satellites have photographed the scene of the volcanic eruption, in less than an hour, the volcanic ash spread over the sky of 10,000 km², and is still spreading.
According to media reports, there was a violent volcanic eruption on the island of Hong Aha Apai in the South Pacific island nation of Tonga, which also triggered a tsunami, and the smoke column exceeded 10,000 meters and broke through the troposphere. A large amount of volcanic ash and gases erupted from the volcano violently with the volcanic air flow, forming a huge cloud, the cloud top broke through the troposphere, and the cloud top bright temperature reached -100 °, which was colder than Typhoon Rey.
A "huge sonic boom" can be heard in Fiji, 500 kilometers away. According to the Australian Meteorological Agency, there were 1.2-meter-high tsunami waves in Nuku'alofa, the capital of Tonga, and a large amount of seawater poured into the coastal area, and Tonga, New Zealand and Fiji successively issued tsunami warnings.
A resident of Tonga said her family was preparing dinner when the volcano erupted and her brother thought there had been a bomb explosion nearby.
The origin of the volcano
Volcanoes, and earthquakes are actually twins, essentially releasing energy from the inside of the earth's crust. The internal structure of the Earth is divided from the inside out: the core of the Earth (inland core, the outer core), the mantle (lower mantle and upper mantle) and the earth's crust. Among them, the earth's crust is a solid crust, while the mantle temperature is very high, not solid, it is generally believed that there is an asthenosphere above the mantle, and the bottom of the crust is mainly magma.
According to the theory of plate tectonics, the Earth's crust is divided into two types, one is the continental crust and the other is called the oceanic crust. The continental crust is characterized by thickness and lightness, mainly due to small density, while the oceanic crust is characterized by light and heavy because of its greater density. You know, the crust on the surface of the earth is not monolithic, but split into many pieces, these large rocks are called plates, there are continental plates, there are also oceanic plates. The junction between the plates is actually the weakest point of the lithosphere.
Since the asthenosphere has thermal convection, this will cause the plates to move, and if the plates are squeezed or separated from each other, the magma of the asthenosphere has the opportunity to escape the asthenosphere and break through the lithosphere, thus erupting. As a result, the vast majority of volcanoes on Earth are located in the Pacific Ring volcanic seismic belt. During a volcanic eruption, large amounts of rubble, gas and ash erupt from the crater.
Volcanic eruptions or global cooling?
Volcanic eruptions of different scales have different effects on people, and the eruptions of small volcanoes generally only affect the environment and climate of local areas, because the volcanic ash they produce generally cannot reach the stratosphere, and the ash will soon settle on the surface.
Nevertheless, the impact of small volcanic eruptions on people is still very frightening, in addition to the risk of being burned by volcanic hot magma, there are also high temperature gases entering the human respiratory tract and even entering the lungs, resulting in damage to the human respiratory tract, serious or death. In addition, it may also bring about civil aviation suspension, traffic disruption and other situations.
Large-scale volcanic eruptions will cause global temperatures to plummet, such as the 2001 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, where global temperatures dropped by an average of 0.5°C. This is because after the eruption, a large amount of volcanic ash floats into the stratosphere, including 15 million tons of sulfur dioxide, sulfur dioxide and other substances will form sulfate aerosol particles, which can reflect the sun's rays, making it difficult for solar energy to enter the earth's surface, causing the earth to cool down.
In 1815, the eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia made the summer of 1816 have a low temperature, which is called "the year without summer", especially the weather in the northern hemisphere is seriously abnormal, resulting in crop damage, people in many parts of the world are affected, China's Yunnan Province at that time there was a serious famine, the phenomenon of selling children and daughters is very common.
The scale of the Tonga eruption is also very large, compared to the most recent eruption on December 20, 2021, the energy released by this eruption is about 7 times that of the previous one, and it continues to increase. If the volcanic eruption index can reach 6, it may lead to a drop in global temperatures.
However, Tonga is located in the southern hemisphere, far from our country, and it is not clear how much material has entered the stratosphere, so the impact on our country should continue to be studied.
As smart as you are, you would definitely think that the main climate risk facing the world today is global warming, and since this is the case, there is no way to inject volcanic ash-like material into the stratosphere to prevent the sun's rays from entering the earth, thus causing the earth's temperature to drop.
In fact, this idea has long been proposed by scientists, but sulfur-containing compounds can form acid rain, making it difficult for vegetation to survive. Moreover, the main cause of global warming is the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations, and the injection of sulfides into the stratosphere will not eliminate carbon dioxide, and we still need to reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as soon as possible.
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