introduction
"Historical figures have literary images as well as historical images." Yi Zhongtian's lecture on February 12, 2006 in the "Hundred Tribunes" column "Three Kingdoms" caused a boom in the Three Kingdoms, and The old man used a way to analyze human nature from history, which caused us to reflect on history. In the past, most of the stories of the Three Kingdoms that we knew came from the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and there was still a gap between them and the real history, so it often caused a difference between the historical image and the literary image.
Objectively speaking, the historical image is very cruel and true, but the literary image is very full of shape by the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and is widely circulated. But this has obscured many historical figures, so much so that everyone has misunderstood the definition of them, including Hua Tuo.
People who read the Romance of the Three Kingdoms are particularly sorry for Hua Tuo's death, because his death was Cao Cao's sin and a great loss to Chinese medicine. But in fact, hua Tuo in the real historical record is not like this, this person was not too wronged by the killing, and even Cao Cao's move was quite wise. So why?
First, Hua Tuo's thoughts
If you want to understand the real Hua Tuo's death, you must first understand the position of Hua Tuo himself. According to the previous literary image, Hua Tuo was a divine doctor, so he often took the xianfeng Dao bone as the norm, and often traveled between the mountains and the people.
However, according to the canonical records, Hua Tuo was born in the first year of Han Yongjia (about 145 AD) and was a famous medical scientist at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Hua Tuo's initial identity was not as a doctor, but as a scholar. As the history books say: Pei Xiang Chen Jue held up filial piety, and Tai Wei Huang Pu was not enough.
In short, Hua Tuo has been promoted as filial piety by the county more than once, but Hua Tuo has refused to leave.
Therefore, this paragraph can be seen that Hua Tuo is not a doctor, but a reader who has a channel for ascension. Moreover, Hua Tuo was a very clear and noble person, and once ignored the government's request, which showed his arrogance. But this sowed the seeds for his later mistakes.
So why did Hua Tuo become a doctor? This history is worth scrutinizing, for reasons that are less clear. But Hua Tuo eventually appeared as a doctor and was defined as a divine doctor.
The history books believe that Hua Tuo can achieve high-end surgical operations, once opened the abdominal cavity of people for surgery, and even can carry out spleen removal operations, its medical skills can not be described as magical, and this person also invented hemp boiling powder, is definitely a master in the field of medicine.
However, Hua Tuo often sighed: However, ben is a scholar, who sees his profession with medicine and often regrets himself. This means that Hua Tuo thought that he was originally a reader, but he was reduced to the lowest doctor, so he often regretted his pain.
So is the status of the Divine Doctor really as low as Hua Tuo himself said? According to the history books, the doctor and the witch are called famous in ancient times, despised by gentlemen, and in the last years of the Han Dynasty, they were as low-status as eunuchs. Therefore, Hua Tuo's feelings are not wrong.
This led to an extremely serious consequence, on the one hand, Hua Tuo was proud and proud, on the other hand, he became a lowly person, and even became famous in the world, Hua Tuo's heart slowly changed, he began to slowly become grumpy, and even began to have crooked thoughts.
Second, Hua Tuo's thoughts
According to records, although Hua Tuo refused the government's filial piety, he somehow followed Cao Cao and became a special doctor. The reason for this is not enough for outsiders, but Hua Tuo's heart is definitely full of all kinds of thoughts.
Hua Tuo probably had two kinds of thoughts about Cao Cao, one was contempt and resistance, and the other was longing and routine.
Let's start with one. Some scholars believe that the reason why Hua Tuo followed Cao Cao was most likely forced into the army by Cao Cao like a means to deal with Xu Shu. Therefore, Hua Tuo was a lonely and arrogant person, and the more he resisted oppression, the more he resisted, and he always looked down on Cao Cao by three points, and even did not cooperate.
For example, Cao Cao had unbearable headaches and often needed Hua Tuo for emergency treatment. But Hua Tuo's shelf was very large, and he always thought that others were healing him, and he resigned Cao Cao. After a while, lies will always be debunked one day.
On one occasion, Hua Tuo continued to push away from his wife's illness, so he needed to go home to visit. Cao Cao did not believe this, and sent someone to check it out, but Hua Tuo's lies were exposed in public and forced to go to Cao Cao's residence to practice medicine to save the disease. This incident also makes the contradiction between the two quite deep.
Under the unbearable pain, people are often prone to angry actions, coupled with Hua Tuo's looseness and unreasonableness, even with modern harmony, there are also medical incidents, such as Cao Cao. Therefore, Cao Cao had already included Hua Tuo in the list of must-kills.
This is Hua Tuo's first mentality towards Cao Cao, which has put him in crisis, but Hua Tuo still has a second thought, which leads to his inevitable death.
According to records, since Hua Tuo became famous as a divine doctor, he was depressed every day and often regretted it, so he began to have the idea of re-entering the career. However, with the passage of time, the former scholar can obtain a high-ranking official, but a doctor is despised by the world, let alone a way to promotion?
But Hua Tuo's heart did not die, so he set his eyes on Cao Cao, hoping to use Cao Cao to get a path to promotion.
The problem is here, if Hua Tuo cures Cao Cao's illness and persuades him well, he may be able to get the high-ranking official Houlu. However, Hua Tuo looked down on Cao Cao and wanted to use Cao Cao to promote him, so he came up with a crooked idea, that is, to use Cao Cao's illness to threaten Cao Cao, and Cao Cao bowed to him and sent the official position over.
This move can fully reflect Hua Tuo's arrogance, however, he chose the wrong object, and also violated medical ethics, and was doomed to a good end.
According to records, Cao Cao's head wind disease was unbearable, and he often suffered from pain and could not help himself. Therefore, Cao Cao hoped that Hua Tuo could find a cure for the root cause, but Hua Tuo was always silent about it, and always found excuses to delay. Hua Tuo always did not give specific answers, and made it clear that this was a chronic disease and could not be separated from hua Tuo's guidance.
After going back and forth several times, Cao Cao immediately understood that Hua Tuo wanted to use this as a threat to let Cao Cao take the initiative to give him an official and a knighthood.
III. Hua Tuo's Death
Therefore, Cao Cao eventually found it difficult to bear himself and eventually sent Hua Tuo to prison. Although Xun Yu had interceded many times, Cao Cao still did not allow it, and said bluntly: Don't worry, there should be no such rats in the world?
After severe interrogation, Hua Tuo was convicted of treason and was beheaded by Cao Cao in 208.
Without Hua Tuo, Cao Cao's headache became more and more serious, and people around him had advised him, but Cao Cao never regretted it, and directly said: Tuo can cure this. The little man raises my sickness and wants to respect himself, but I will not kill this son, and I will not cut off this original ear for me in the end.
It can be seen from this that Hua Tuo wanted to play tricks with Cao Cao, using his wife as an excuse to expire and not return, but he found the wrong object, and it became a historical tragedy.
It is worth mentioning that the Book of the Later Han Dynasty once had an evaluation of Hua Tuo's death: it is evil for human nature, it is rare to be happy, and it is shameful to see the profession of medicine.
It can be seen that the author of the Book of Later Han also believes that Hua Tuo's character is very bad, coupled with his life is not satisfactory, and he is also ashamed of his medical skills. This also shows in disguise that Hua Tuo's killing by Cao Cao is not necessarily unjust, Cao Cao may not be wrong at all, and even full of wisdom. With Cao Cao's suspicious personality, coupled with Hua Tuo's contempt and deception, how to establish prestige by not killing Hua Tuo, "I would rather bear others than others bear me" is also the best description of Cao Cao.
epilogue
Therefore, looking back at the tragedy of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the lamentations and anger of the past may be really wrong. Although Cao Cao was not a good man, this person acted more uprightly, and he was a rare person who was determined to be the world at that time, and his actions included the heart of the country. When he killed Hua Tuo, it was not a crime, but a counter-sanctions method against bad behavior. Maybe it was wrong to kill people, and it was a divine doctor like Hua Tuo who disappeared from history, causing great trauma to China's medicine, but Cao Cao's move was not wrong in itself.
Moreover, through the true evaluation of Hua Tuo in history, we should understand the authenticity of history. Most of the historical images that have been known in the past come from literary images, although plump, although popular, but it is too one-sided. If you later come into contact with the comments of historical figures, remember not to bring them into it, and to make comments on historical figures.
The role of literary image is to popularize history and culture and help people establish a correct moral outlook. It's a kind of story, a kind of historical framework, but without detail. And real historical figures are often more boring, more real and cruel than these literary images. Therefore, when reading literary images, we also need to read historical images, and the combination of the two can make us better learn from history, otherwise we will make jokes.
The picture comes from the network, if there is infringement, contact to delete!