In 1959, at the amnesty conference, Puyi wore the No. 981 prison uniform, bowed his head, and his hands trembled slightly.
。 Puyi, who had been studying and reforming at the Fushun War Criminals Management Institute, did not expect that the supreme people's court's amnesty notice would actually be issued to himself, the sinner of the people, and that he was the first to be pardoned. After receiving the amnesty notice, Puyi cried bitterly...
Puyi amnesty
Two years later, Chairman Mao also received Puyi alone in the Zhongnanhai Yinian Hall and talked with him for 5 hours, during which Puyi could not help but cry bitterly whenever he recalled the past. So, what exactly did Chairman Mao and Puyi talk about? Actually let Puyi sigh to this?
Puyi was once an emperor standing at the top of ten thousand people, but looking at his life is heartbreaking.
In 1908, the Guangxu Emperor was seriously ill, and Cixi, who was also on the verge of becoming ill, ordered Puyi, who was less than three years old, to enter the palace to inherit the unification
His biological father Zaifeng was the overseer of the state. Amid the cries of his family, the three-year-old was carried into the cage of the palace. After Guangxu and Cixi died one after another,
Puyi, who had not yet been weaned, officially ascended the throne at the Taihe Temple
。 On the day of his ascension to the throne, children who only knew how to laugh and play could not stand the lengthy and tedious ceremonies and cried incessantly. His father coaxed him: "Don't cry, don't cry, it's almost over." ”
In 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, and a panicked Qing court sent Yuan Shikai to lead the Beiyang army to quell the rebellion
Yuan Shikai was ambitious, no longer wanted to serve the Qing court, and wanted to take advantage of the opportunity to monopolize power
。 After the outbreak of the Civil War between the North and the South, Sun Yat-sen and Yuan Shikai reached a secret agreement, as long as Yuan Shikai could make Puyi abdicate, he would let Yuan Shikai serve as the president. It can be said that the civil war between the north and the south was fought between Dr. Sun Yat-sen and Yuan Shikai.
The late Qing emperor Puyi was only the last symbol of the decadent Qing government.
On February 12, 1912, the Qing government promulgated the Edict of Abdication in the name of Emperor Xuantong's will to Empress Dowager Longyu, which brought the Qing Empire to an end and the imperial system of more than 2,000 years.
After his abdication, Puyi still lived in the Forbidden City and lived a false and stable life, but an era and his own turmoil were only the beginning. The deep palace compound of the Forbidden City is inhabited by the Manchu Qing imperial family, and the abdicated Puyi can still enjoy the prestige of the emperor here, but the six-year-old has no friends to speak of. afterward
Puyi's foreign teacher Johnston described Puyi:
"His Majesty the Emperor is the loneliest child in the world, and the Forbidden City is the tallest wall in the world."
Johnston
June 1917,
Zhang Xun, the former governor of Liangjiang in the Qing Dynasty, led 5,000 braided soldiers into Beijing and launched the "Xuanun Restoration" to support Puyi's restoration
Puyi, who was only 11 years old, became emperor again.
This dream of emperors against the tide of the times was shattered after only 12 days.
Zhang Xun was defeated and fled into the Dutch embassy, and the restored Manchu Qing remnants fled in all directions. However, at this time, Puyi, who was already somewhat ignorant of the power of the emperor, began to be implanted by the Manchu Qing dynasty with the so-called "grand wish" of "restoring the Qing Dynasty".
Although trapped in the deep palace and constantly instilled in old ideas, under the enlightened teaching of foreign teachers, the young Puyi still heard about various new things, and once produced some ideas that conformed to the trend of the times, and also planned to study abroad, but,
The decaying and backward environment around him never let him get out of the shackles of fate.
In October 1924, Feng Yuxiang forced the palace, and Puyi was forced to leave the Forbidden City
。 After leaving the Forbidden City, Puyi's life was turbulent but also happy, but an ancestor's grave was dug up a few days later. This made Puyi and the Manchu Qing relics full of hatred for the Republic of China government, and the idea of restoring the Qing Dynasty was also deepened.
Puyi wants to borrow foreign forces to make a comeback, but countries do not have much support for this, only Japan is quite concerned.
After the September 18 Incident, Puyi established the puppet state of Manchukuo with the support of the Japanese
And under the operation of the Japanese, he ascended the throne for the third time and "claimed the title of emperor".
But this is nothing more than a means for the Japanese regime to stabilize its power in the northeast of our country.
Puyi was just a puppet of the Japanese.
As the Kwantung Army gradually gained a foothold in the northeast, Puyi was slowly abandoned.
Later, Japan was defeated in World War II, and the Soviet Red Army captured Puyi. Puyi later attended the 1946 Tokyo Trials as a witness, at which he claimed that he had been ceded to the Japanese with no personal freedom during his tenure as emperor. But he could not shirk the guilt of the puppet state of Manchukuo. For the next five years, he remained imprisoned in the Soviet Union.
Tokyo Trials
In August 1950, Puyi, along with hundreds of pseudo-Manchukuo "war criminals", was asked by the Chinese government to return the authority from the Soviet Union, Puyi thought that his life had come to an end, but he did not expect that the state only let him receive ideological education and labor reform in the Fushun prisoner of war camp in Liaoning.
At that time, he was not aware of his crime,
He just felt that he was a puppet emperor, had no real power, and could not afford his crimes
。 The staff was quite annoyed by this and scolded:
"The suffering of thirty million people in the northeast, and the millions of Chinese sons and daughters who have fallen to the ground for this, how do you say it has nothing to do with you, the emperor of Manchukuo?"
Puyi was dumbfounded for a while, and he was asked, how much suffering did his actions bring to the people? He was finally willing to face his crimes naked and seriously accept reform.
Puyi
In 1959, at the Central Committee meeting, Chairman Mao was very satisfied with the study of Kuomintang war criminals and puppet Manchu war criminals.
Before the 10th anniversary of the founding of New China, Chairman Mao proposed to the Central Committee that a special amnesty be announced for war criminals who had indeed changed from evil to good
。 At first, Puyi was not included in the first list of amnesty submitted by the War Criminals Management Institute to the Central Committee, but Chairman Mao said:
"If we want amnesty, we must first release the 'emperor', and our Communist Party must have this courage!"
Therefore, on February 4, 1959, Puyi ushered in the starting point of the second half of his life. From this day on, he became an ordinary citizen of the People's Republic of China, no longer an emperor or a criminal.
After the pardon, Puyi was assigned to work at the Beijing Botanical Garden, and later became a cultural and historical commissioner of the Cultural and Historical Materials Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
In 1961,
Chairman Mao received Puyi for the first time at the Zhongnanhai Yinian Hall in Beijing
。 When he received the news that he had been received by Chairman Mao alone, Puyi was so excited that he never dared to imagine that such a former criminal could be personally received by Chairman Mao in his lifetime.
On the day of the reception, Puyi was dressed in a Zhongshan suit and came to the Yinian Hall early. He was doing a dignified look waiting to meet the chairman, with a complicated look, self-blame, uneasiness, joy and anticipation. After meeting Chairman Mao, Puyi's tears suddenly poured up, and he said excitedly: "I am a person who has committed capital crimes against the country and the people, and today I have the honor to receive you chairman Mao. Chairman Mao waved his hand to signal that Puyi did not have to be sentimental to this point, and then began to care about Puyi's work and life.
The chairman said with concern: "Welcome back to Beijing, is the work okay?" Be sure to take care of your body, young is not small. We must continue to study, learn to work, and learn life. Of course, I also heard that you have been studying, and you have made great progress..." Puyi looked at Chairman Mao so approachably and cared about him, and his eyes were moist again.
Slowing down, Puyi blamed himself and said: "I am a sinner of New China, and my biggest mistake was to turn to the Japanese and become a tool for them to oppress the people and kill Chinese people." What a step wrong, a wrong step! I am on the top, faceless to face the ancestors, to the bottom, faceless to face the descendants.
Why did I become emperor since I was a child? If only I hadn't been the emperor from the beginning
。 ”
When Chairman Mao heard that Puyi felt guilty, remorseful, and remorseful about his having been emperor, he comforted him and said: "When you become an emperor, you can't blame you, you must know that the emperor is a product of the feudal system, even if he is vying to become an emperor, he also needs a group of people around him to support the scene."
Only the advocacy of these people would make the emperor feel that he was the supreme True Dragon Heavenly Son
。 You have to know that you are the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the last emperor of China's feudal society for more than 2,000 years, and your situation shows a big thing, that is, there will be no more feudalism in China. Puyi nodded frequently.
The chairman asked about his work and study, and Puyi said that he was on the right track and was very happy to be able to do something within his power. But when the chairman asked about his married life, Puyi's heart suddenly surged with an irrepressible sourness, and he cried bitterly.
In the past, with the aura of emperor status, Puyi's side was not lacking in the company of women, but Providence made people, he ruined the lives of several women, and he was still alone at that time. In the face of the chairman's care, he was touched and sighed, and the things carried by Puyi behind this are difficult to describe in three words.
They chatted and talked, and it was getting late, and Chairman Mao left Puyi to eat. There was a purple jar of simmered meat on the table, and the chairman said: "I also don't eat pork for some days, for example, today's exception is considered to be your blessing." ”
Puyi was surprised by this and asked, "Who advised you not to eat meat?" Was it decided at a meeting? ”
Chairman Mao replied: "No one has persuaded us, but we have decided on our own." The broad masses of the people have no meat to eat, so I will not eat it with the people. ”
After Puyi listened, he was very ashamed and said: "When I used to eat in the palace, each meal had to be placed on dozens of dishes, and every meal was like this, every day the imperial dining room changed the pattern to make all kinds of fresh things." Don't say that you can't eat or not, you can't even see it.
Now that I think about it, I really don't know whether that kind of arrogant, stupid, decaying, and lonely scene of playing music is eating or doing evil, and how much effort the peasants have to make
。 Puyi felt that he was no longer suitable for eating meat, so he put down the bowl and chopsticks, and Chairman Mao saw that he picked up a piece of meat and put it on Puyi's plate, signaling him to eat.
Puyi raised his head, looked at Chairman Mao and assured him very solemnly: "I have completely accepted the transformation, and the transformation of these years has allowed me to personally visit a new world, to see new people and things, and to let me see the difficulties and convictions of more people's lives."
From now on, I will live a good life on my own, please rest assured. ”
With the deepening of the dialogue, Puyi finally spoke his heart. Previously, Puyi was once very cowardly, did not have the courage to bear everything, just blindly evaded, in order to maintain his dignity, but in the depths of his heart he never forgave himself, but after becoming a people, especially after being received by Chairman Mao,
He finally reconciled with himself and was willing to face everything calmly.
He called the new ideas and vacillation firmness he had acquired in the process of transformation in the past decade as a new personal life given by the party, and also expressed his recognition of the correctness of the Communist Party's reform policy and the ability to supervise cadres to implement.
Through Puyi's words, Chairman Mao could feel his change. He changed from an arrogant and contemptuous feudal emperor to a person who would respect others, and he seemed to understand that there was no distinction between people and inferiority, and his posture became modest and cautious in dealing with people and things. I also learned more about facing myself and my life, whether it was pleasing or unacceptable. There is also the determination to create value, learning to make their own contributions to others, letting go of the status of emperor on high, and understanding social responsibility and dedication.
After dinner, Chairman Mao and Puyi returned to the hall to rest. Puyi mentioned that he wanted to rearrange his past, and the chairman told him that since he wanted to sort it out, he must use the most authentic materials as a basis, otherwise it would lose its meaning. After that, Puyi said many words of gratitude to Chairman Mao. On the occasion of parting, Chairman Mao also told Puyi to pay attention to his body and seize the time to find a suitable woman to marry and start a family, so that he could have a person as a companion in life, could take care of each other, and life would not be so sad.
At this meeting, the two talked for more than five hours, during which Puyi shed tears many times. but
The overall atmosphere of the two chats is relaxed, like two old friends who have not seen each other for a long time talk about their lives.
During the Spring Festival of the following year, Chairman Mao set up a family banquet and specially invited Puyi. Puyi later recalled: "We ate and took pictures with our great leader Chairman Mao.
This was the most glorious and happy day I could never forget, gave great encouragement and strength, and strengthened my determination to dedicate myself to the country. ”
Later, Puyi's reflective autobiography "The First Half of My Life" was published.
"He has witnessed history, and he is a piece of history himself."
It gives people an understanding of the things behind the two periods of social transformation, and in addition, the book specifically mentions Chairman Mao's reception.