Pack Qingtian
Influenced by the traditional TV series "Bao Qingtian", Bao Zheng is characterized by black charcoal, crescent moon and gorgeous dragon robes. In fact, Bao Zheng is not wearing a dragon robe, no matter what dynasty in ancient times, only the emperor can wear the five-clawed dragon robe, other people who wear the dragon robe, the animals on the body are just like the dragon, the prince or the brothers close to the emperor wear the four-clawed python robe at most (the same as the dragon, but the four-toed claw is one toe less than the dragon), so the Bao Zheng seen in the TV series is actually wearing a python robe. But even so, Bao Zheng of the Song Dynasty could not wear a python robe, because the minister wore a python robe from the Ming Dynasty. If you take it seriously, the props of "Bao Qingtian" are historical prop errors.
The python robe of the Prince of the Ming Dynasty
1. The Ming Dynasty's obedience system
The clothed crowned beast began in the Yuan Dynasty, and by the Ming Dynasty the status level was finally fixed, and the Ming Dynasty embroidered an animal on the front chest and back of the official court dress to show the difference in status. The pattern of the civil official Yipin is a white crane, taking the meaning of "crane singing nine gao, sound and smell in the sky", indicating the influence of a pin member on the son of heaven; the crane is also a spirit bird among animals, and the banquet in the Tiangong in "Journey to the West" is basically a white crane flying together, which is also an auspicious meaning. The two products below to the nine are the golden pheasant, peacock, geese, white stork, heron, partridge, yellow oriole, and quail. The first and ninth products of the military attaché are: one or two products are lions; three or four products are tigers and leopards; five products are bears; six or seven products are Biao; eight products are rhinoceros; and nine products are seahorses. The chief priest is a badger. In addition, clothes should be divided into graded colors, one to four products with dark red, five to seven products with blue blue, and seven products below green.
The White Crane Complement of the Ming Dynasty YipinGuan
The above clothes are all normal bureaucratic work clothes, which are necessary for the office of the upper government. However, in addition to the above clothes, the Ming Dynasty also appeared to give obedience in order to reflect the emperor's closeness to his subordinates. The most famous is the flying fish suit of the Jinyi Guard. The flying fish suit is not the exclusive costume of the Jinyi guard, and the flying fish suit is of a special nature like the python robe, the qilin suit, and the bullfighting suit, just like the title of three dukes and three orphans, which is an honor, and in principle, only high-ranking officials, nobles, and elders can obtain it. Flying fish clothes are not worn by all jinyi guards, because jinyi guards are Tianzi's pro-army, specializing in being spies, and are the closest force to Tianzi, so generally officials above the general flag in Jinyi guards can be given flying fish clothes to show the emperor's trust. For ordinary civilian and military generals, only Shang Shu and Shilang-level figures with more than two pins can be given flying fish suits. Most of the people who wear qilin clothes are princes, and the representative is the Holy Duke of Qufuyan.
Second, the status of the python robe
The status of the four major gifts of the Ming Dynasty was python, unicorn, flying fish, and bullfighting. The four things are like dragons, not dragons, and rewarding subordinates with this kind of thing not only satisfies the subordinates' worship of dragons, but also does not shake their own status, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone. Among the four major gifts, the python robe is the most honorable. The Wanliye Ye Zhi Zhi (萬历野編) says: "The python robe is the costume of the elephant dragon, which is similar to the royal robe of the Supreme Being, but minus one claw ear." "Pythons and dragons are exactly the same, that is, the claws are four toes, one toe less than the dragon, and the average person can't see it at all without looking carefully, so the python robes are generally the costumes of the prince and the prince, and among the overseas clan kings, only the king of Joseon County is specially rewarded to wear the prince python costume because of his filial piety to Daming." It was not until the middle of the Ming Dynasty that a precedent was set for giving python robes to subordinates.
The unicorn is four hooves rather than claws
The "Ming Dynasty Clothing and Crown Atlas" said that the python robes used for rewards in the Ming Dynasty were all round necks, and there were two kinds of pythons, single pythons and seat pythons. The main pattern of the single python is the chest is a python half wrapped around the clothes, the python head is on the front, showing a style from left to right, there are several lines of pythons at the skirt, and the left and right sleeves are embroidered with a python. The seat python is also a python, but the main pattern on the chest is a large python head, and the skirt of the seat python robe is embroidered as a "river cliff seawater" diagram exclusive to the court. The accessories of the python robe are simple and luxurious. The so-called simplicity, compared with the flying fish suit also needs to wear decorative yarn, belt, square bag, python robe only need to be equipped with black yarn and belt; the so-called luxury, with the belt of the python robe, is leather, to be inlaid with jade pieces, is the real jade belt.
Single python
Third, the flood of python robes?
The reward of the python robe by his subordinates began in the orthodox period, when the bingbu Shangshu Wang Ji Pingluchuan was rewarded with the python robe, but the "Wan Liye Compilation" believes that it was not because of his great merits, but Wang Ji bribed Wang Zhen, and was specially given a python robe through Enze, "it is actually a grace, and it comes from Wang Zhen", so the Ming people do not recognize this python robe. It was not until the sixteenth year of Hongzhi that the Hongzhi Emperor gave Liu Jian, Xie Qian, and Li Dongyang a python suit, and "the auxiliary minister (cabinet assistant) was given a python robe from then on."
Seat python
Since then, with the development of the economy, the decline of imperial power, the gradual rise of folk luxury, the flood of clothing, and the recipients of the gift deliberately wear bullfighting and flying fish like python robes, which gives people a visual illusion. Therefore, people who had not experienced systematic bureaucratic education after Hongzhi and were not familiar with the operation of the Ming Dynasty official palace and the costume system would think that as long as they became high officials, or were especially relied on by the emperor, they would be given python robes by the emperor.
4. Bao Gong and Python Robe
In the Song Dynasty, Bao Gong was only an ordinary Qing official, a long-term inspector, known for solving cases, and the highest official position was Privy Councillor (similar to today's deputy chief of general staff of the three armed forces). Song Dynasty official costumes are divided into sacrificial clothes, court clothes, regular clothes, and time clothes. The symbol of the official uniform of the Song Dynasty is the large wings of the hat. Compared with the Ming dynasty's blossoming complements, the song people's official clothes are very simple, that is, pure colors. Yuanfeng reformed the song dynasty before the system, inheriting the tang dynasty's clothing color system, more than three products are purple, more than five products are dark red, the so-called big red and purple is so; more than seven products are green, and more than nine products are cyan. After the restructuring of Yuanfeng, more than four products are purple, more than six products are dark red, and more than nine products are green.
Song Dynasty official uniforms
In the Song Dynasty, there was no system of official uniforms, and anyone wore whatever clothes they wanted. Bao Zheng, as a former bureaucrat of Yuanfeng, was a privy councillor and deputy envoy, and his clothes could only be purple clothes and goldfish bags hanging from his waist. The so-called goldfish bag began in the Tang Dynasty, which was originally a bag for the Tang Dynasty to put fish charms (letters proving the identity of officials) for officials of more than five pins, but in the Song Dynasty, the fish symbol was not used, and the fish-shaped embroidery was directly embroidered on the bag to show identity. The Song Dynasty stipulated that more than three products were goldfish bags, more than five products were silver fish bags, and there were no five products below. Therefore, the purple goldfish is the standard of Bao Gong.
Goldfish bags and silver fish bags of the Song Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty Yuanqu was popular, and with the help of the power of drama, people began to mythologize Bao Zheng, and there was a story of Bao Zheng judging yin and yang, breaking life and death. In the Ming Dynasty, the entertainment of the citizens was more abundant, the people's consciousness was also awakened, in the face of social injustice, the Ming people undertook the worship of Bao Gong by the Yuan people, and upgraded the story of Bao Gong, packaging Bao Gong as an absolute idol. The fictional Bao Gong has all good morals, is witty, serves the country and the people, is honest and honest, has no iron face, is not afraid of the powerful, and is the strongest reliance of the poor people.
The Ming people condensed their spiritual sustenance on Bao Zheng, hoping that the Ming Dynasty could also appear as a Qing official like Bao Zheng. Gradually, fiction became reality, and Bao Zheng, who had not been worshipped in history, became a hero who would perish without his Song Dynasty, and the titles of Bao Qingtian and Bao Xiangye were all superimposed on him. Since Bao Zheng was the most cattle official in the Song Dynasty, he must have been relied on by the emperor and was a senior official at the assistant minister level of the prime minister. Therefore, the Ming people applied the customs and systems of the Ming Dynasty to the Song people, and Bao Zheng put on a python robe.
Bao Gong in the drama
Wen Shijun said
In history, Bao Zheng certainly did not wear a python robe, influenced by Ming and Qing novels, coupled with the prosperity of Ming and Qing opera, Bao Zheng in the opera wore a python robe, and this impression spread widely. And the TV series "Bao Qingtian" has a bit of a taste of Peking Opera adaptation, in this case, Bao Zheng wearing a python robe is also forgivable.
bibliography
Yu Jianwei: "Research on Ming Dynasty Clothing", Northwest Minzu University Master's Thesis, 2013.
Song Junhua: "The Dress of a Martial General in the Court Drama of the Python", Journal of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 4, 2001.
(Author: Haoran Wenshi Purple Orange)
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