Among the four concubines of Genghis Khan, the most easily overlooked is the second Chagatai, from the historical data, Chagatai gives the impression of a simple and rough image with a simple mind and developed limbs, and under the pen of Muslim writers, Chagatai is a person who does bad things and is evil, not only arbitrary and cruel, but also violent and rude.
Chagatai's contribution to the Mongol Empire was not as significant as that of Shuchi and Tuolei, but he was stunned to gain the respect of Wokoutai Khan, and some people said that the reason why Tuolei did not ascend to the Khan's throne was due to Chagatai's defection. Did Chagatai turn his back on the Khan's campaign? Did he really have no idea about the Khan position? Is his brotherly love with Wokoutai really stronger than Jin's?
01, not up and down and ambitious second
In the family, the second is always in an awkward situation, there is an elder brother on the top, a younger brother on the bottom, the boss on the top beam, the old man in the colorful clothes, the second is a relatively transparent existence, and the Chagatai is in front of his father.
After the establishment of the Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan assigned the responsibilities to be assumed by four concubines, and Chagatai was the one in charge of Zasa, the rules, the law, and the bilik, and was also divided into four thousand households (the secret history says that there were eight thousand households), and the fief was divided into the steppes of the Amu River region.
Before chagatai and the eldest brother Shuchi clashed because of the heir incident, the historical records did not find that their brothers had discord or sided, and in the early days of the Mengjin War, the elder Shuchi, the second chagatai and the old third nest of Kuotai were always divided into marches, while the younger son Tuolei was all the way with The Khan's father.
Rabbit Year (1219), before Genghis Khan prepared for the Western Expedition, because of the problem of heirs, Chagatai and Shuchi had a strong dispute and even a big fight, through Chagatai insulted the eldest brother as a contemptuous beggar, it can be seen that this second eldest with a strong personality is an ambitious person.
Probably from the bottom of his heart, he always thought that the eldest brother was a contemptuous beggar, and he was the eldest son of the Golden Family, who was qualified to inherit the khan's father's throne, and it can be known that Chagatai was not without ambition for the Khan's position. Therefore, when Genghis Khan first asked Shuchi, he did not hold back and jumped out to make a big fuss, wounding the enemy by a thousand and losing eight hundred, and the brothers were simultaneously excluded from the heir.
The resourceful Chagatai quickly changed his strategy, to recommend the old third nest of Kuotai who did not have a strong sense of existence, and to pry aside the fourth brother Tuolei, who had the strength and the favor of Khan's father, from that time on, Chagatai and Wokoutai were tightly tied together, and the two frustrated people of Shuchi and Tuolei also joined forces against the second and third elders.
After the Western Expedition, Genghis Khan appointed the second elder to go out of the western region to deal with the Chincha people who had surrendered and rebelled, and for this reason, Genghis Khan also ordered his son to go specifically to ask one of the four masters, Borju, for advice, and from then on, Chagatai remained in the western region until Wokoutai succeeded to the throne.
02, brothers and brothers are intimate
After the death of Genghis Khan, Tuolei oversaw the country, and Wokoutai endured for two years before ascending to the Khan's throne, and chagatai, the actual head of the sons and the exemplary kings, also returned from the western region, leading the relatives of the golden family to prostrate themselves to Wokoutai Khan and lay the foundation for the supreme authority of Wokoutai Khan.
Wokoutai Khan was able to succeed to the throne, thanks to Genghis Khan's will and his own forbearance, as well as Tuolei's indecisiveness, but not from Chagatai's defection, because Chagatai has always been in the same faction as Wokoutai, from the moment he first elected Wokoutai as the heir, he was destined to stand on the opposite side of Tuolei, so when Wokoutai succeeded to the throne, there was no problem of Chagatai defecting.
In recognition of the second brother, Wokoutai Khan forged the treasure of the imperial brother and awarded it to Chagatai. Did the transformation from the son of the Great Khan to the brother of the Great Khan have an impact on Chagatai?
Of course, in the past, when the father was in power, it was naturally no problem for the son to submit to the father; now that the younger brother is in power, can the older brother make some small moves?
The historical records say that Chagatai had great respect for Wokoutai Khanna and strictly observed the courtesy of his courtiers in front of his brother. Once, the brothers each rode a horse to a race, and the drunken Chagatai actually ran to the front of Wokoutai Khan and won the Great Khan.
After waking up drunk, Chagatai was very upset, believing that he had committed a great sin of disrespect, so he led a large group of foreign ministers to ask for the guilt of Wokoutai Khan. When Wokoutai Khan heard the guards report that Chagatai had led a large number of people to come, the Khan was very uneasy in his heart, not knowing what the second brother had brought a large group of people to do, and when he knew that Chagatai had come to ask for guilt, the Khan felt ashamed of his own suspicions in his heart.
Chagatai said that he should not let his horse surpass the Great Khan and begged the Great Khan to kill him. How could Wokoutai Khan comply? He sent people to Chagatai to say that we brothers should not mind such a trivial matter, and finally ended the matter with the Great Khan giving Chagatai a life, and Chagatai offering nine horses to the Great Khan.
Rasht was to praise the harmony and intimacy between the Brothers chagatai and Wokoutai, but from the words and lines, it is not difficult to see that the brothers are wary of each other, and if the Wokoutai Khan trusts the second brother, he will not be uneasy when he hears that the second brother has brought people. Did Chagatai really win the horse race because he was drunk? Since he was convicted of his crime, why did he lead a large number of his cronies to see the Great Khan, this kind of behavior is easy to cause people to misunderstand the palace? In a word, the two brothers are both film emperor level.
03, the imperial brother chagatai who dominated the western region
Wokoutai Khan was not a stupid man, of course, he knew chagatai's ambitions, but he had to pretend not to know; chagatai also knew how to maintain a superficial balance, to have great respect for the khan, and then to make a fortune in his own muffled voice.
The fiefdom of Chagatai was stretched to Samargan and Buhuala, but the agrarian land between Vulhur and Central Asia was not his, but belonged to the Great Khan. The Uluth and the army of Chagatai were in Central Asia, and he guarded the western region as an imperial brother, that is to say, the fiefdom he received was within the scope of his guard, the fiefdom was his, but the place he guarded for the Khan court was not his, which is not the two concepts to be confused.
In this case, chagatai, as the lord of the fiefdom and the dual identity of the Khan court guarding the local area, was bound to have contradictions with the local officials sent by the Khan court to the shu shou local area. Although from the historical data, Chagatai is very obedient and fearful of the Brother of the Great Khan, in fact, because Chagatai has been in the western region for a long time, his power in Central Asia is inevitably expanding day by day, and the Territory of the Great Khan in Central Asia is naturally covetous and attempted to get involved, and his ambitions will grow with different status and time!
Who were the ministers of Wokoutai Khan stationed in Central Asia? It is back to The Ma hemu Yarawachi. Yalao Wachi was a prominent vassal of the Taizong dynasty, so he was entrusted with the heavy responsibility of administering Central Asia.
Chagatai crossed the Yaravachi and issued an edict without authorization to change the governors of several prefectures and counties north of the Amu River, and it is reasonable to say that the appointment of these chiefs was under the control of Yaravachi, and the kings of chagatai, who were the town guards, had no right to interfere in local affairs, and his unauthorized change of local governors was an infringement on the authority of the Great Khan and had already deviated.
Yarawachi quickly reported the matter to the Great Khan, who immediately sent a message to Chagatai, reprimanding him for appointing a magistrate without authorization and ordering him to write to defend himself. Chagatai very obediently confessed to his inappropriate behavior, but the Great Khan had to give Chagatai a state reward to appease his brother in order to calm the incident.
As for the Great Khan's weakness, Chagatai did not stop there, and has not dealt with Yaravachi, wokoutai Khan has no choice but to transfer Yarawachi back to the Central Plains, but at the same time appoint Yarawachi's son Ma Suo to take over his father's post and assume the responsibility of managing the entire Central Asian city, Chagatai is helpless.
Chagatai forced away Yaravachi and obtained a fief of a state, but the claws that he had only reached out to touch the territory of the Great Khan were also chopped off, and could only be retracted, and the brothers continued to be brothers and brothers.
04, the inevitability of the division of the empire
Although chagatai's erosion of the Great Khan's territory was quelled in a gentle manner, the covetousness of the northwestern kings for the Great Khan's territory did not end there, but continued to grow.
The sub-feudal system has always been the enemy of the centralized system, and the division of the sons from Genghis Khan indicates the division of the empire in the future, with fiefdoms, armies, and their own subordinates, with the conditions for the establishment of the state, even if the second generation is not divided, the third generation and the fourth generation will inevitably split.
For Chagatai, he would not have the intention of splitting the empire, but it did not affect his involvement in the territory of the Great Khan, and for him, invading the rights and interests of the Great Khan and splitting the empire were two different things.
WoKoutai understood very well that he could not and did not dare to sanction Chagatai, although Chagatai quietly made small moves, but the supreme authority of the Great Khan could still be maintained, and the two sides could not tear their faces, they could only maintain the superficial feelings between the brothers to compromise and give in to each other, and the balance between the Khan court and the kings was carefully maintained, so that the contradictions did not erupt.
By the time of Guiyu, it was the three generations of emperors who were the masters, Batu and his khanate began to wander outside the khanate, Guiyu Khan in order to continue to maintain the authority of the Great Khan, only wanted to subdue Batu through war, but with his death, the civil war was eliminated into invisibility, the Wokoutai Khanate family also became a phoenix that was not as good as a chicken, and the independence of the Chincha Khanate naturally became stronger with the development of the situation.
Möngke was able to ascend to the throne thanks to the support of Batu, so in the time of Möngke Khan, the Great Khan no longer interfered in the affairs of the Khanate of Batu, and the Khaganate forces completely withdrew from the land of Chincha, and the Chincha Khanate was basically divided, strictly speaking, the Mongol Empire was actually divided from then on.
That's it.
References: History of the Chagatai Khanate, Rise and Fall of the Mongol Empire, Steppe Empire, Yuan History, etc
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