In the impression of ordinary people, anemia is one of the manifestations of lack of nutrition. However, you may not think that in the contemporary society of continuous improvement of material living standards, about 24.8% of people in the world still have anemia, and the prevalence of anemia among our compatriots is about 20%, of which about half is caused by iron deficiency. Iron is the most abundant trace element in the body, is a necessary product to maintain metabolic function, iron deficiency and anemia, can lead to a variety of diseases and their complications. So, how does ischemic anemia occur? How should we respond? Let's solve your doubts now.
Iron deficiency anemia, referred to as IDA, is a small cell hypochromic anemia that is stored in the body and affects the synthesis of hemoglobin. The process of iron deficiency can be divided into 3 stages, the iron stored in the body begins to be deficient, iron deficiency erythropoiesis, iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency, including 2 cases, the first is an absolute decrease in iron, the second is a decrease in functionality, due to a decrease in the function of phagocytes and reticuloendothelial cells to release iron, resulting in a relative shortage of iron.
The diagnosis of iron anemia can be colloquially referred to as the 1 plus 2 principle, 1 refers to the necessary standard, hypochromic manifestations of red blood cell morphology, at the same time, erythrocytes are less than 120 grams per liter for men and less than 110 grams per liter for women. 2 refers to at least 2 other criteria, including clear causes and clinical manifestations of iron deficiency, decreased serum ferritin levels, decreased serum iron levels and increased total iron binding capacity, increased ferritin saturation, loss of stainable iron from bone marrow granules, excess of erythrocyte free protoporphyrin, elevated serum soluble ferritin receptor concentrations, and effective iron therapy.
The manifestations of iron deficiency anemia depend on the degree of anemia and the level of iron reserves, and the common symptoms are weakness, fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, pallor, dry skin, cracked corners of the mouth, and glossitis. Patients with more than moderate iron deficiency anemia may have ice eating habits, a strong desire for ice, or a preference for frozen vegetables, especially cold celery. In addition, when patients climb stairs, they often experience leg cramps. Some patients also have dysphagia, and patients with severe iron deficiency anemia may have papilledema and elevated intracranial pressure. Children may present with decreased appetite, inattention, mental retardation, and decreased immunity.
There are many causes of iron deficiency anemia, and the main factors include insufficient iron intake in the diet, decreased absorption of iron by the digestive system, and decreased iron reserves due to excessive blood loss. Some children, who look white and fat, are obviously overnutrient and can also develop ischemic anemia. This situation is mainly due to excessive snack intake, due to partial food leading to nutritional imbalance and gastrointestinal dysfunction, resulting in insufficient iron intake and iron malabsorption disorders, which induces ischemic anemia.
A common cause of iron deficiency anemia is peptic ulcer or Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter pylori is an important cause of peptic ulcer, and the growth and reproduction of Helicobacter pylori will consume a lot of iron, at the same time, it will also reduce gastric acid secretion, resulting in a decrease in vitamin C concentration, affecting the absorption of iron by the intestine. In addition, when infection occurs, the epithelial cells of the digestive tract mucosa increase permeability, resulting in the loss of iron and ferritin. In addition, the activity of digestive enzymes increases, which inhibits the production of hemoglobin. These factors add up to easily induce ischemic anemia, and the degree of anemia is more severe.
To deal with iron deficiency anemia, the main method is iron supplementation, because oral iron supplementation will lead to gastrointestinal adverse reactions, and the effect is unstable, therefore, the more serious iron deficiency anemia, the need for intravenous iron supplementation, if necessary, also need to carry out blood transfusion therapy. In addition, timely treatment is needed for the cause, for example, the cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. To prevent iron deficiency, attention should be paid to diet and adequate intake of iron-rich foods, such as lean meats and green leafy vegetables. Women of childbearing age should undergo prophylactic iron supplementation, increasing iron supplementation by 60 mg per day. Prevent iron deficiency anaemia in children, promote breastfeeding, and add iron-containing complementary foods such as mushrooms and green leafy vegetables at 6 months of age, or supplement iron with fortified formula. In addition, when your child develops anemia, parasite-related tests should also be performed, and if the diagnosis is confirmed, deworming therapy is required.
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