A few days ago, I answered the question: Why is the son-in-law called "Golden Turtle Son-in-law" in history?
preface
The Golden Turtle Concubine, who seems to have first appeared in Li Shangyin's poem, has a famous seven-sentence poem that says:
For the infinite delicacy of the cloud screen, Fengcheng is cold and afraid of spring supper. Marry the golden turtle concubine for no reason, and live up to the early dynasty of the Xiang Dynasty.
This poem is similar to "The Repentant Husband Seeks to Be a Marquis". The "Golden Turtle Concubine" in the poem refers to the husband who became a high-ranking official.
The name "Golden Turtle" comes from the "fish bag system" of the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the fish symbol was the official's certificate, before the Tang Dynasty it was commonly the tiger symbol, and the Tang Dynasty changed it to the fish symbol.
When Empress Wu Zetian was in power, the fish charm worn by the internal and external officials was changed to a turtle charm by her, which led to the emergence of the golden turtle concubine. Why did Wu Zetian change the fish to turtle?
Let's start with the early Tiger Rune.
First, the Tiger Charm of Qin and Han
Tiger charms appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and were made of bronze, gold, jade, bamboo and other materials. The monarch issued a local official or a garrison leader as a transfer certificate. The tiger charm is divided into two halves, half held by the monarch and half held by the magistrate or army leader, and the tiger charm is engraved with an inscription on the back, and the two halves can only take effect when the soldiers are dispatched to investigate and verify the truth.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Wei Guoxin Lingjun "stole the charm to save Zhao", stole half of the Tiger Charm of the King of Wei, and lifted the siege of Handan in the Zhao State
"As soon as Gongzi Cheng opened his mouth to ask Ru Ji, if Ji Bi promised, he would get the Tiger Charm to seize the Jin army, save Zhao in the north and Qin in the west, and this five hegemons would also be cut down." Gongzi from its plan, please ru Ji. Such as Ji Guo Thief Soldier Charm and Gongzi. Historia
There are still 4 bronze tiger charms from the Spring and Autumn And Warring States periods, all of which are tiger charms of the Qin State. The Xi'an Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology also has a collection of golden tiger charms from the Spring and Autumn period. In addition, the Tiger Runes of the Warring States Period also contained jade tiger runes and bronze gilt tiger runes.
Cen Shan of the Tang Dynasty once had a poem "Passing liangzhou to zhang shangshu dafu gong":
The second good general of Hanzhong, one in the past and one in the past. Han Xin ascended to the altar, and Shang Shu returned to the temple. Holding the bronze tiger charm in his hand, the head of the master...
Liu Bang worshiped Han Xin as a general in Hanzhong that year, and Ming repaired the path and secretly crossed Chen Cang. Emperor Tang of the Tang Dynasty appointed Zhang Xiancheng as the emissary of The Western Province of Shannan, the Assassin of Liangzhou, and the Shangshu of the Ministry of Works.
Cen Sheng compared Zhang Shangshu to the Han Dynasty general Han Xin, so he said "hand-held copper tiger charm", in fact, the Tang Dynasty did not use tiger charms.
Second, the Tang Dynasty changed the tiger to rabbit and fish
In the Tang Dynasty, the tiger charm became a fish charm.
The reason is that Tang Gaozu Li Yuan's grandfather was named Li Hu. In order to avoid the name of his ancestor Li Hu, Li Yuan abolished the Tiger Charm. The Tang Dynasty Zhang Que's "Chao Ye You Zai" records:
Han Fa Bing uses a bronze tiger charm. And the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, it is the silver rabbit symbol, and the rabbit is the symbol Rui. He also took the carp as the fu rui, and then the copper fish symbol was used as the fu rui.
The New Book of Tang and gaozuji also says: "Xin Wei, stop bamboo messenger symbol, Ban Yin Shu symbol." ''。
It is said that the Han Dynasty sent troops to use bronze tiger charms, and the rest of the conscripts called bamboo charms. After Li Yuan abolished the tiger charm and the bamboo charm, because the rabbit was more auspicious, he changed it to the rabbit charm.
Fan Chengda of the Song Dynasty used the allusion of the rabbit charm in "Sending Guo Mingfu Temple to Shou Shu Prefecture":
Do not light the silver rabbit charm and pour the golden cicada. Tang Anjun traveled in the past, millions of bucks of money.
Later, Li Yuan felt that carp was good and harmonized with "Li", so he changed it to "Fish Symbol":
He also took the carp as the fu rui, and then the copper fish symbol was used as the fu rui. "Asano Yuzai"
According to the different functions of the fish charm, there are also some differences in the materials used, and the Old Book of Tang and the Six Classics of Tang are recorded:
A copper fish charm, so the military brigade, easy to keep the long. The second is the transmission of the symbol, so give the post, the general system of life. The three are carried by the fish charm, so Ming Gui is lowly and should be called. The four know the wooden deeds, so the town is guarded, and the cashier is cautious. The Five Festivals, so give good energy, false rewards and punishments.
The system of fish charms, within Wang Qi, left three right one; outside Wang Qi, left five right one. The left is inside, and the right is outside.
The system of carrying fish charms, left two right one, the prince with jade, the prince with gold, the official with copper, wear as an ornament.
Old Book of Tang Chronicle 23 Official II
The bronze fish charm is used for military orders, and it is not only a half, some 4 copies, some 5 copies; in the carry-on fish charm, the prince is the jade fish symbol, the prince is the goldfish symbol, and the official is the copper fish symbol.
3. Why did Wu Zetian change the fish charm to the turtle charm?
The poet Xian Li Bai once wrote two poems in honor of He Zhizhang, "Remembering the Wine and He Jian Qiyi (and Preface)":
Prince He Gong, a guest of the crown prince, met Yu at the Ziji Palace in Chang'an, and called Yu Yu "Who Immortal", because of the exchange of wine for pleasure by the golden turtle. After the death, he had a nostalgia for the wine, and the composition was poetry.
Siming has crazy guests, and the wind and flow are he Jizhen. When Chang'an saw each other, he called me an immortal.
Once a good cup of contents, turn into pine dust. The golden turtle changed the wine, but remembered the tears.
In the preface of the poem, it is written that He Zhizhang "dissolved the golden turtle for wine for pleasure", what is the matter with this golden turtle?
The Asano Chronicle records:
To the pseudo-Zhou, the surname Wu also, Xuanwu, guiye, and copper as the turtle symbol.
Wu Zetian established Wu Zhou, because Xuanwu represented turtles, so he changed the "turtle symbol" to "copper as a turtle symbol." ”
According to the Old Book of Tang · (Car) Public Opinion Chronicle records:
In the second year of Tianzhi, all the fish were turtles.
According to the Zizhi Tongjian, Wu Zetian used 17 era names during his 20-year reign, and Tianzhi was the fourth era name. In the second year of Tianzhi (a total of two years), Wu Zetian ordered that the "turtle symbol" be changed to "turtle symbol." ”
Carp, representing the surname Of Li, and gui, that is, Xuanwu, represents the surname of Wu, and it can be seen that Wu Zetian's intention is to "replace Li with Wu".
After the Shenlong coup, Wu Zetian abdicated, and the reigning Emperor Zhongzong of Tang immediately restored the "turtle rune", so the "turtle symbol" became an episode in history.
When Li Bai saw He Zhizhang, the Officials of the Tang Dynasty had already changed back to using fish charms, and this golden turtle was just a kind of ornament for He Zhizhang himself.
Fourth, the golden turtle concubine who married for no reason failed to live up to the early dynasty of Xiang Yuan.
Emperor Gaozong of Tang gave officials above five pins a pocket of fish and silver, and more than three pins of gold ornaments.
In the Wu Zetian period, the fish charm was changed to a turtle symbol, and the fish bag was a turtle bag. The turtle bags of officials of more than three pins are decorated with gold, the four pins are decorated with silver, and the five pins are decorated with copper.
Therefore, the so-called golden turtle concubine is a high-ranking official who can wear a golden turtle bag with more than three products.
Li Shangyin said in his poem:
The golden turtle concubine who married for no reason failed to live up to the early dynasty of Xiang Yuan.
Not all officials of the Tang Dynasty participated in the Early Dynasty every day:
"The Nine Pins of the Civil and Martial Ministry of The Capital Division have been ascended, and the Five Pins have been ascended and enshrined officials, Yuanwailang, Inspector Yushi, Dr. Taichang, and Daily Pilgrims" Tang Liudian
On the first and fifteenth day of the first month of each month, more than nine pins participate in the early dynasty, and those who participate in the early dynasty on weekdays are "five pins have been raised and enshrined officials, members of the foreign lang, inspector Yushi, and Dr. Taichang".
Being able to go to the early dynasty every day is also a symbol of status. Many officials will not be able to mix with the Three Pins in their lifetime, and it should be very fortunate to be able to marry the Three Pins. This woman also complains that her husband goes to work too early, is it too pretentious?
By the Song Dynasty, the identity of the charm no longer uses a fish charm, only a fish bag, on which gold and silver are decorated into a fish shape and tied behind the body. Therefore, there is a saying that 'Tang stored fish in bags, and Song used fish to decorate bags'. The Ming and Qing dynasties abolished the peyu and changed it to a waist card (tooth card), and today we use a work card, fingerprints, and more advanced ones are changed to brushing faces.
Conclusion
As for Li Shangyin's poem, some people also interpret it as Li Shangyin's self-metaphor, he married the daughter of a high-ranking official, but he was caught in the dispute between the two factions of Niu and Li, and as a result, he delayed his future.
No matter what Li Shangyin wanted to express, in short, the word Golden Turtle Concubine was passed down.
However, the golden turtle son-in-law of the ancients was too noble, and today we use this word more casually.
It should be noted that the golden turtle son-in-law does not mean that the son-in-law (husband) is born in the rich, but the son-in-law himself is a rich man, otherwise where is the qualification to "live up to the early dynasty"?
@Old Street Taste
The ancients had poetic works, almost all of which were used or used by the poems of their predecessors, is this considered plagiarism?
What poems do you know that describe the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter? Do you write poems about the four seasons?