Recently, together with Teacher Wang Jian and Teacher Shen Huijin, we have jointly done literary and graphic data work for the exhibition of Xu Zihua's former residence in Chongfu, sorted out the text of Xu Zihua's sisters and modern women's education, and also used as a reference for the educational journal compiled by Chongfu.
China's new style of women's education is inseparable from missionaries. In the 1830s, the American Congregational missionary Regents IchimunElisha established a girls' school in Guangdong, which was the beginning of the church's establishment of women's schools in Chinese mainland. After the Opium War, the door of the country was forced to open, and Western missionaries entered China in large numbers, one for cultural infiltration, the other for feminist advocacy, since then the church of women's studies continue to emerge, there has been a situation of "the church to the church, women's studies to the standard" situation. Although the traditional Concept of "a Woman Without Talent is Virtue" in China for thousands of years has made the development of women's studies encounter great difficulties, however, the world trend is mighty and the pace of civilization cannot be resisted. By the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), there were 10,158 students in church schools nationwide, of which 4,373 were girls, accounting for 43 percent. The establishment and development of church women's studies was the beginning of women's education in China.
Due to the stimulation of foreigners to set up women's schools in China, and also because of the Penghu period, the Chinese nation was already facing the danger of subjugation and extinction. People of insight realize that to undertake the historical mission of strengthening the country and preserving the species, it is necessary for the awakening of the whole nation, including the vast number of women. Therefore, during the Restoration Movement, Chinese non-governmental figures began to set up their own women's education in China. It can be said that the Penghu Restoration period was the beginning of women's education in China. In 1905, the Qing Court Academy was established, which began to include women's education in the category of family education; the following year, it was included in the school; in 1907, the Qing Court promulgated the "Statute of the Women's School", which gave the women's school a legal status from the government level.
Under the torrent of such an era, women's schools have begun to be established in various places. Various girls' schools, as an important category of new schools at that time, painted a brilliant color in the history of modern education. The sisters Xu Zihua and Xu Yunhua, who went out from the Xu family of Chongfu Scholars, were outstanding in their learning and deeply rooted in revolutionary ideas, and left an indelible footprint and made important contributions in the annals of the history of modern women's schools.
1. Xu Zihua and Xunxi Girls' School
The "Girls' Primary School" entry in the Nanxun Zhenzhi has a record:
Xunxi Girls' School. In the thirty-second year of the Qing Dynasty (1906), one of the "Four Elephants", Zhang Benqun, the grandson of Zhang Songxian, opened up the style of civilization and advocated women's education. Imitating the patriotic girls' school sponsored by Mr. Cai Yuanpei in Shanghai, the Xunxi Girls' School was held at the original site of the former Zhengmeng Society, and Xu Zihua (female) was hired as the principal.
Xu Zihua was famous, married to the Nanxun Mei family, married her husband Mei Yunsheng for seven years, and after her husband was widowed, at the invitation of Zhang Jingjiang's brother Zhang Benqun, he took charge of the new Xunxi Girls' School run by the Zhang family. The above article illustrates this period of history.
The reason why Zhang Benqun recognized Xu Zihua's talent was that he had heard of his name earlier, and second, it was related to Zheng Jinglan, a Talented Wuzhen who taught the museum in his home.
Zheng Jinglan, zi Songjun, daughter of the poet Zheng Baokai from Wuzhen in Qingtong Township, a generation of talents. Young Chengjia training, worked in poetry, and authored the "Jiao Tong Collection". Zheng Jinglan was also an educator, and Zhang Benqun's family hired her to set up a museum at home to teach her children. Later, after Zheng Jinglan returned to Li, she ran a "New New Girls' School" in the township, and the townspeople honored her as Mr. Fan. During Xu Zihua's widowhood in Nanxun, Zheng Jinglan once gave Xu Zihua a poem: "Songbai Qingcao ice and snow heart, Jade Terrace good sentence is admirable." The female middle school teacher can be a table, ashamed of Jiaotong shallow and ugly groaning. Xu Zihua and You: "After reciting the new poem Pu Tong, the heart incense contended for Nanfeng." Deep boudoir is rarely heard, and I don't know Mrs. Lin's wind. The two men sang and sang, and there was a lot of sympathy for each other. Lady Zheng is talented, attacking the history of the scriptures, after Xu Zihua took charge of the girls' school, Qiu Jin also met her, and wrote a poem to this predecessor to express his admiration: "Once with the frost and snow to fight the branches and buds, pine and cypress through winter color more gorgeous."
Since the opening of the Shanghai Chinese Women's School in the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu (1898), the wind of civilization has rapidly blown to all parts of the country. Xunxi Girls' School was founded in this context. At that time, in order to show that the girls' school was not out of courtesy, the deacons in the school included teaching multi-use women, and Zhang Benqun invited Xu Zihua, a widowed Shimencai daughter of the Mei family, to take charge of the school.
Zhang Benqun (1875-1922), courtesy name Zengxi , also spelled Benqun , was the eldest son of Zhang Baoshan , one of the Four Elephants of Nanxun , the eldest brother of Zhang Jingjiang , and a member of the League. He traveled the world at the age of twenty-five, and when he was in Washington, D.C., he visited the president of the United States at the time, McKinley.
In the seventeenth year of Guangxu (1891), Zhang Benqun participated in the imperial examination, but due to a sudden eye disease, he failed to retire at the end. Later, he simply gave up the road of the imperial examination, traveled to various places to seek medical treatment, and was almost blind in his left eye. Zhang Benqun later heeded the advice of his friend Bo Lewen, an American doctor, and went abroad to seek medical treatment, while inspecting European and American education, and in the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu (1902), Zhang Benqun recovered from France and returned to Nanxun.
In his days abroad, Zhang Benqun was shocked by the development of foreign education and its profound role in opening up people's wisdom and social progress. He was determined to establish education after returning to China, and took education to save the country as his mission. He followed the model of foreign schools and founded new schools, and what is more rare is that he advocated women's liberation and founded girls' schools, "creating women's education, advocating equality between men and women, and opposing women's lack of talent is morality." Zhang Benqun ran two schools in Nanxun, one was in the east of the residence, and founded the Zhengmeng Society, where Zhu Jiahua and Ye Chuling had studied. The Zhengmeng Society was run for four years, but it was discontinued in 1906 due to a lack of conformity in the school system.
In the same year, Zhang Benqun, with the support of his younger brother Zhang Jingjiang, imitated Cai Yuanpei's Shanghai Patriotic Girls' School and opened the first girls' school in the history of Nanxun, the Xunxi Girls' School, on the site of the discontinued Zhengmeng Society. Xu Zihua, the young grandmother of the Mei family, was hired to run the school, and since then, Xu Zihua has begun her career in the apricot altar, and her life has formed an indissoluble relationship with education.
When Xu Zihua was in charge of The Xunxi Girls' School, she met Qiu Jin and became Mo Rebellion, opening her legendary life.
In February of that year, Qiu Jin was introduced by Jiaxing Chu Fucheng to Xunxi Girls' School. The "Documentary of the Xinhai Revolution in Zhejiang" records Qiu Jin's trip to Nanxun this time:
Qiu Jin was ordered by the party leader to return to China as a revolutionary movement, first to Jiaxing, and recruited many party members. In the winter, he went to Hangyuan, lived in the Junqiao Rongqingtang Inn, and Zhou Yawei, a student of the Sports Benmu Academy, Wu Bin, Xu Renru and many others joined the GuangfuHui. ...... Qiu Jin was introduced by Chu Fucheng and entered the Nanxun Girls' Academy to teach whips. Female teachers Xu Zihua and others were inspired by him to join the League; they soon resigned and went to Hangzhou and Shaozhou to solicit party members.
This was Qiu Jin's first visit to Jiaxing, and it was also her first acquaintance with Xu Zihua. According to Qian Maozhu's "Memorabilia of the Guangfuhui":
Chu Fucheng recommended Qiu Jin to go to Wuxing Nanxun Town to serve as a teacher at Xunxi Girls' School, teaching Courseware such as Japanese, Science, and Health, and became acquainted with Xu Zihua and his sister Xu Yunhua.
Xu Zihua and Qiu Jin, these two gorgeous women, have known each other ever since. If zhangxunxi girls' school is Xu Zihua's first step out of his home, then getting to know Qiu Jin is a more powerful force. In the words of Qiu Zongzhang, "as old acquaintances, colleagues for two months, Ya xiang pity and love." In the words of the "Xu Zihua Annals", "The two people saw each other as they were, but they hated each other late, and then they became Mo Rebellion."
The arrival of Qiu Jin enlightened Xu Zihua's awakening of women's consciousness of rights and freedom, and standing a hundred years later, we can clearly see that a new Xu Zihua will be born. At this time, Xu Zihua had spent six years of widowhood and loneliness.
In Xu Zihuahua's commemorative article "Anecdotes of Qiu Jin" after Qiu Jin's sacrifice, it is recorded that the two men were in Xunxi:
The lady is witty and witty, and the words are wonderful, which makes people understand. There is not a single day after school that does not rhyme with Yu Ya. The play gives Yu sentence, there is "arrange for the bones to be whipped", Yu Yi playfully replied to Yun: "Self-laughing poetry demons love autumn colors, why not be proud of the bones to be favored by Qing Lao". Zi Shi Yue: "The Son calls me Qing, and the ceremony is too disrespectful." Yu Yue: "Ya Qing, can you forbid people not to call?" The lady said: "Everyone calls me Jingxiong, Qingzi, don't dare to call." Yu Yue: "People don't call Me alone, it's special." The lady said, "Lord Ziyi Wang to An Feng? Yu smiled and said, "Non-also." In his lifetime, the wind and bones are very strong, and every time he bows his head, he is always a secretary. ”
Qiu Jin's temperament is extremely real. Once Xu Zihua went to Qiu Jin's place to visit her and found her secretly weeping in the tent. Xu Zihua was worried in his heart and asked attentively: Is there any harm? Si Jia Hu? Thinking of kissing? Worried about the country? Every time she asked a question, Qiu Jin either silently did not answer, or shook her head in denial, wiping away tears. Xu Zihua sat silently for a long time, and suddenly had an epiphany: "Today, March 19, is the period of the former Ming Dynasty's fall, does the son have to feel this?" Qiu Jin shook Xu Zihua's hand: "Hui Zizi also!" Having solved this, Hu is not with my comrades? ”
At this time, although Xu Zihua had made some changes, he was still far from being able to step into the ranks of thorough revolutionaries. She only sympathized with Qiu Jin, but she herself was still a female bachelor after all, and she could not become a female warrior, where would she dare to respond to qiu Jin's call of "comrades with me"?
Qiu Jin's behavior is often a boy. She loves to drink and loves men's clothes. Sometimes he also led female students to disguise themselves together and play in Places such as Nanxun Yiyuan. Here in Qiu Jin, Xu Zihua slowly understood the "right to freedom" and the "national obligation and national responsibility."
Xu Zihua began to have a new kind of ideological fire, "the bright women's circle opened up, organized equal rights and good groups", "alerted 20,000 compatriots, and fought for the king to be free", "do not sell reputation to revitalize China, education into a different family", these brand new words appeared in her poems.
For more than two months at Xunxi Girls' School, Qiu Jin was like a luminous body, opening the door of Xu Zihua's new life, and also opening the door of new ideas for female students on campus, and the students began to follow Qiu Jin, worship her, follow her in men's clothes, carry pots and drink, make loud speeches, and dance knives.
Qiu Jin's style of doing this, just a small town in Nanxun, could not afford it after all.
At that time, although the wind of civilization in the early rise of women's schools had begun, it was not the same as today's schools. The first article in the Statutes of the Shanghai China Women's School reads: "All donations, initiations, promotions, and teachings in the church are made by women." And specially stated: "Men are never allowed to break in from within the door of the church." "Aiming to emphasize the etiquette of the academy, the curriculum is also based on the tradition of female morality and the practicality of life, and Qiu Jin's maverick behavior is simply impossible to tolerate reality." The directors of the Nanxun Township Gentry School roared in unison, and Qiu Jin's teaching position was suspended in June of that year. Xu Zihua and Qiu Jin, colleagues in just two months, but have already affected a lifetime.
2. Xu Zihua and Jingxiong Girls' School
Xu Zihua's second educational career began at the "Jingxiong Girls' School" in Shanghai.
In the spring of the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Xu Zihua had a sword fight with Zhu Rui in Zhejiang Province because of the specifications and construction of the autumn tomb, and Dr. Sun Yat-sen came to Hangzhou to persuade Xu Zihua not to have to make senseless struggles and sacrifices with those in power, and suggested that she come to Shanghai to take over the "Jingxiong Women's School".
In terms of running a school, Xu Zihua has the experience of running Xunxi Girls' School, and has his own talent and learning foundation, and has both professional and management talents. Mr. Zhongshan authorized Xu Zihua to take charge of the school, which can be described as a knowledgeable person!
In the history of Jingxiong Girls' School, there are four leaders, Wang Jinfa to commemorate the founding of Qiu Jin, the second year of the Republic of China (1913) by Xu Zihua to take over, to the sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1927) summer, Xu Zihua handed over the school to Qiu Jin's daughter Wang Canzhi to take over, the following year, Wang Canzhi went to the United States to study, the school was closed. Soon, Xu Zihua sought qiu Jin's student Ji Guozhen to take over and moved to No. 3 Xieheli on Pike Road (changed to Yellow River Road at the beginning of liberation).
Under the management of Xu Zihua, with the aim of "enabling female citizens to learn the intellectual skills they deserve and make a living for themselves", Jingxiong Girls' School was expanded from primary school to teacher training and middle school, and was divided into national primary school (4-year system), higher primary school (3-year system), technology department (2-year system), teacher training department (2-year system) and selected subjects. The teachers in the school are also very popular, and the members of the Nanshe Society, chen quyi, Hu Pu'an, Huang Binhong, Chen Tihe, Ye Xiaofeng, Pang Shubai, Chen Bandit, Xu Xiaoshu, etc., have all taught in the school. Such a teacher is not exaggerated to describe it as a starry light. The number of students increased from more than 80 at that time to more than 200, and later expanded and expanded.
Jingxiong Girls' School existed for a total of forty-five years (1912-1956), of which Xu Zihua was in charge for fifteen years, which was the most brilliant period of the school. During this period, not only did the scale and quality of the school in the true sense of education continue to advance day by day, but at the same time, many members of the League and the Guangfu Association used the school as a revolutionary base and conducted many discussions on activities such as the overthrow of the warlords. It was also during the period when he was in charge of the Jingxiong Girls' School that Xu Zihua had a real sense of front-line revolutionary activities (the Battle of Sutai Hotel), whether it was the school or Xu Zihua, who stirred up small waves in the history of the Xinhai Revolution.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen has always been very concerned about this school. According to the "Interpretation of Sun Yat-sen's Literary and Historical Pictures", "On September 27, 1916, Sun Yat-sen wrote a handwritten elegy for the fifth anniversary of the establishment of the Shanghai Jingxiong Girls' School, 'Jianhu Female Hero Sun Wen'. At the same time, he also inscribed the school motto 'Diligent Min Pu Cheng' four words. "Mr. Zhongshan wrote" immediately ordered Zhu Zhixin jun to hand over to the school and Principal Xu, hanging separately, and for a while the students in the school were all pleased. ”
After Xu Zihua took the helm, the reputation of Jingxiong Women's School grew day by day. She regarded the school as a spiritual home. Although the school assumed the function of a revolutionary stronghold, in the life of President Xu, educating people was the first and the revolution was secondary. She took over the school at the age of forty-one, and handed over the school affairs to Qiu Jin's daughter Wang Canzhi at the age of fifty-five, and after fifteen years of "jingxiong" career, she also had joys and sorrows in her life.
In the fifteen years from the third year of the Republic of China (1914) to the eighteenth year of the Republic of China (1929), all matters such as the opening, enrollment, graduation, expansion, speech, and relocation of The Jingxiong Girls' School were published one by one, and there were as many as twenty-six articles in size. The short text of the snow and mud claws shows Xu Zihua's painstaking management in school:
February 5, 1914: Baikelu Jingxiong Girls' School was created □ Qiushe Douren, and has been open for one and a half years. The school started yesterday (the fourth), with 100 new and old students. More than ten people, including faculty members and guests. First, The Principal Xu Jichenjun announced the purpose of running the school this year and added the reason for the establishment of the Department of Literature and Art. He was very encouraging and sincere. The second time, Xu Yibingjun of Nanyang Girls' Normal School and teachers Huang Puren, Pang Qian'an, Chen Chaonan, etc. gave speeches one after another, and everyone returned to simplicity, diligence, neatness and seriousness, and their words were extremely pertinent.
This is a news report of the opening ceremony.
March 12, 1918: The day before yesterday, the Jingxiong Girls' School False Global Ball Chinese Students' Union held a meeting of earnest relatives, and there were many people who came. The principal announces everything in the school, followed by the speeches of the faculty members, and then the students sing, and recite Japanese and English, and perform various disciplines, such as children's boxing, Chinese speeches, etc. In his grade room, such as Wang Tong's paintings, Wang Wei's Chinese language, and Jiang Yunhua's calligraphy, they are all quite impressive. Disperse at four o'clock.
This is a news report of the school's parent-teacher conference and the student's achievement exhibition.
January 25, 1921: Yesterday (24th) at 9:00 a.m., the opening ceremony was held at the school, there were many new and old students, the original school building has been able to accommodate, is promoting the school building, adding classrooms, scheduled for the twenty-eighth day (the twenty-first day of the first lunar month) officially held.
This is an announcement of the upcoming expansion of the school.
July 27, 1923: From July 30 to August 4, the university will invite Mr. Chen Peiren, Hu Pu'an, Ye Chuling to give a lecture on Chinese classics and history, primary schools, zhuzi and poetry, poetry, poetry, novels and other sources of schools, and study methods... Mr. Zhu is a celebrity of the Southern Society and a giant of the Kuomintang, and he has a practical strategy for Chinese studies.
This is the notice of the school's summer lecture, the celebrities gathered, the students are very lucky!
Because "Jingxiong Girls' School" is a school established to commemorate Qiu Jin's promotion of Qiu Jin's spirit, there are naturally many unique campus cultures infiltrated to students.
Every year, on the eve of the summer vacation, the school often has activities to commemorate: "The morning holiday ceremony is suitable for the anniversary of The Lady Qiu Chengren of Jianhu Lake, so it is specially set up in the school to offer flowers and fruits, and sing commemorative lyrics, and speak about the situation of Qiu Xia's death at that time." In the spring of the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), Xu Zihua heralded the students in the speech of the opening ceremony: "This year is the tenth anniversary of the martyrdom of Qiu Xia, and it is planned to travel to Hangzhou during the holidays to exhibit the ancestral tomb to extend the sense of admiration."
In an admissions advertisement drafted by Xu Zihua in the Republic of China Daily in February of the Tenth Year of the Republic of China (1921), Xu Zihua deepened Qiu Jin's spirit of awakening new women into cultivating a new nation:
We are a memorial school for a female revolutionary Qiu Jin, so the spirit of the school seems to be a little different from other places... If you, who are fathers and brothers, want your children to be the new citizens of the Republic of China in the twentieth century, please come and study early. All subjects, male and female.
This year's commemoration day activity is: "In the morning, the principal and faculty and staff led the students to salute the statue, and after the end, the summer vacation ceremony was held." "Such teachers, curriculum, and campus culture are also like famous school styles in the 21st century." President Xu's intention to run the school can be described as profound.
Since the Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Manchu Qing Dynasty, China began another journey of joy and sorrow after the establishment of the Republic of China. Sun Yat-sen resigned as interim president, Yuan Shikai stole the country, and then restored, the emperor woke up in a dream for more than eighty days, and after the death of The Tyrant Xiong, he was followed by many years of warlord scuffles, the people were already mourning everywhere, and the Republic of China was also at a loss. Xu Zihua, a female stream, has participated in the battle to protect the country and seek Yuan in the past few years in the gathering and dispersion of the Nanshe and in the exchanges with the kuomintang's new friends and old acquaintances, and has experienced the wind of the new cultural movement brought to China by the "May Fourth" Movement. When Qiu Jin's daughter Wang Canzhi was also an adult, Xu Zihua intended to pass on the Jingxiong Girls' School to Canzhi to inherit, and in July of that year, Xu Zihua officially handed over the school affairs to Wang Canzhi, and also handed over the CuiJun that Qiu Jin gave her to canzhi. Xu Zihua fondly recalled the various past events of Qiu Jin's trip to Shimen in that year, and wrote an article "The Record of Returning to Ju":
Part with the Old Testament of "Burying bones". Thinking about it now, it is obvious that it is the same as the events of the past, and the martyrdom of Xuan Qing has reached the twentieth anniversary. Woe to you! Peng Shen returned, yu repeatedly used as a camp tomb, built on the lake, and with Comrade Qiu She, founded the Jingxiong Girls' School in Shanghai to commemorate it. Sixteen years. And the daughter of the Jun, Canzhi, who has achieved success in school days, is very handsome and bright, which is equivalent to that year; he is entrusted with the affairs of the girls' school, and he holds up the Ju and gives it the following: "This Ru mother's object is also the dowry of the Ru Wang's clan." And yu is a foreign house, the sun and the moon have passed, now old and sick, not finished returning to Zhao, will want to Xi Wei? Zi Qibaozhi, see Ju Ju Yu see Ru Mu also! Canzhi yue: "No." ”
About that pair of legendary Cui Jun, it eventually stayed on the mainland. Wang Canzhi wrote an article in March of the 26th (1937) of the Republic of China, entitled "Presenting the Relics of the Ancestors, Jade Double Dragons and Jade Bracelets, a Pair of Exhibitions of Revolutionary Party Historical Materials Exhibition Hall", at the end of the article she said: The Revolutionary Party Historical Materials Exhibition Hall has been completed, and the relics of the martyrs have been collected and displayed in between, so that those who come after them can admire and immortalize forever. This bracelet can be paid for alone? Dare not present and light first Zhiye? Only to see the relics to increase sorrow, the pain of the fish is not overcome!
After Wang Canzhi went to the United States, the Jingxiong Girls' School was suspended for a period of time. According to Xu Xiaoshu's "Remembering Qiu Jin" article, in the summer of 1927, her sister handed over the school to Wang Canzhi to take over, and the following year, Canzhi studied in the United States, and the school was closed. He was taken over by his sister Ji Guozhen (also a mid-Autumn Jin student) and moved to No. 3 Xieheli on Pike Road (now Yellow River Road).
Ji Guozhen, recorded in the list of members of the Nanshe Society: Ji Guozhen, Zixia Zhong, Zhejiang Wuxingren (female).
In 1956, Jingxiong Girls' School was merged with Shanghai Fengyang Road Primary School.
3. Xu Yunhua and Chongde Primary School
While Xu Zihua was cultivating the apricot altar in Shanghai, his sister Xu Yunhua also began to set foot in running a school, and painted a strong stroke in the history of education in his hometown Chongde.
After Xu Yunhua and Lin Hanbi were married in ZhangYuan in the first year of the Qing Dynasty (1909), Lin Hanbi continued to go to Japan to complete his unfinished studies. At this time, Lin Hanbi and Xu Yunhua already had their first daughter Hui, nicknamed He'er.
Xu Yunhua wants to support her husband's studies and raise her daughter, although her life is embarrassing, but the husband and wife love, Xu Yunhua's life at this time is bitter and sweet. She shouldered the burden of her family, stepped onto the pulpit, and taught at Wujiang Zhenfeng Girls' School. In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), after Xu Zihua took charge of Jingxiong, she was transferred to the Jingxiong Girls' School to teach.
In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915), her husband Lin Hanbi was hunted down by the authorities for making anti-Yuan remarks, and the two had to avoid Liaodong, and the second daughter Lin Beili was conceived in Liaodong. With the financial support of Xu Zihua, Xu Yunhua, who had returned to Shanghai after many hardships, suffered another misfortune, and her husband Lin Hanbi was killed in a car accident when he went out, leaving his wife who was still in confinement and his young daughter who was not yet a full moon to die.
On August 8, 1916, the "Current Affairs News" of the fifth year of the Republic of China reported lin Hanbi's car accident:
Mr. Lin Hanbi, the editor-in-chief of the museum, went to a friend's appointment at 9 o'clock last night, traveled to Maho Road, was swept down by a car, and was taken to Renji Hospital for treatment by the patrol. He died because he was too badly injured to save him. Lin Jun is a young and heroic man who is good at literature. In the third month of the main writing of the museum, every time there is a writing, Shi Xian often praises it. Before leaving the museum last night, I still wrote two commentaries on the times, which is not to say that it is his masterpiece. Whimpering hurts.
"Current Affairs News" is the place where Lin Hanbi was the main writer after his return to China, and in the article "Remembering the Tragic Death of Mr. Lin Hanbi" on the 9th, Xu Yunhua's situation at that time was recorded, which made people sour and abnormal:
When the murder was imminent, and the same person went to the courtyard, the body of the gentleman had been moved to another room. Then, Mr. Xu's chamber man, was rewarded, and the person who was born in his arms only twelve dynasties, rushed to mourn, and caressed the corpse and fainted repeatedly. The dead are gone, and the living are in a terrible way. There is no such thing as a painful thing in the world.
Driving a car that injured Lin Hanbi was the Englishman Keming. Because the concession had extraterritorial jurisdiction, consular jurisdiction was in the hands of foreigners, and the matter was later dismissed. After this difficulty, Xu Yunhua had the idea of escaping the world, took the single name "Hidden" for Beili, led a pair of daughters back to Chongde's hometown, and his mother, Mrs. Matthew, helped the orphans, and began to devote himself to the education cause in his hometown.
Xu Yunhua was strong, and the pain of widowhood did not crush this petite woman. In the winter of the fifth year of the Republic of China (1916), Xu Yunhua, who returned to Chongfu, founded the county girls' school and served as the principal, and set up a women's normal training institute in the school as the director. In 1929, Xu Yunhua became the principal of the county First Central Elementary School (Evening Village Elementary School).
The history of the county's first central primary school can be traced back to the Chuanyi Academy founded by Song Fuguang, which was founded by Fuguang during the Southern Song Dynasty, located on the east side of the county canal in the late Qing Dynasty, and has a history of more than 800 years.
In 1902, Lin Xiaogong of Shimenzhi County reorganized the Chuanyi Academy into a Shimen County Academy, with Cao Baojun as the first head of the school, and hired Han Cheng as the head of the school, Zhu Shaolian and Lü Yunqing as teachers, and Han Cheng assisted the head of the school, formulated the rules, and hired famous teachers. The school has two levels, A and B, with the "Four Books and Five Classics" as the main course, adding courses such as history, art, arithmetic, gymnastics, drawing, and self-cultivation, in addition to opening a new sports field in the East Gate, opening student gymnastics courses, sports such as gymnastics and boxing. From 1903 to 1911, there were 47 graduates of the five classes of Shimen County Academy, and more than 100 students. Lin Xiaogong's nephew, Lin Juemin, the seventy-two martyrs of Huanghuagang, and Lin Yinmin, studied here.
In 1914, Shimen Prefectural Higher Elementary School was renamed Chongde Prefectural No. 1 Higher Primary School, with nearly 50 students, and the principal was Fan Yuxin (Zi Yuefu, Qing Guangxu Twenty-four Years (1898) Peng shu Ke Xiucai), who had studied at the Tokyo Polytechnic College in Japan. In 1915, Chongde County No. 1 Higher Primary School moved to the west of Sijing Lane, and later because of its remarkable achievements in running the school, it was known as a model primary school, and the principal Yang Jinqiu. In April 1916, the two Zhejiang inspectors visited Chongde according to Qu Yingguang, during which they visited the Model Primary School.
With her own self-management and flexible diplomacy, Xu Zihua made the school better and better, and received donations from the squires to start expanding the new school building. However, she was obsessed with school, but because of her neglect to take care of her family, the clever and well-behaved He'er was killed by gastroenteritis.
Lin Beili's reminiscence article describes her sister who died unfortunately and early:
Sister Xue name Hui, milk name He'er, at an early age has a unique posture, intelligent and abnormal, when her father was in Shenyang, she was just five years old, she can already recite dozens of Tang poems and more than a dozen Que Song words.
He'er died because of gastrointestinal diseases, Lin Beili said:
When I was 5 years old... My body was getting stronger, but my unfortunate sister died of a gastrointestinal disease that year. At that time, it was the mother who was busy day and night in supervising the construction of the female teacher's school building in Jiangong County, and the limited material and manpower made her unable to take care of both public and private, and the mother finally sacrificed the 10-year-old genius eldest daughter for the welfare of millions of other people's children. The sister could no longer be resurrected, and the mother could only lament her inevitable negligence, but also had to continue to try to build the student's new school with bitterness.
Xu Zihua is dedicated to the school, the Evening Village Primary School is outstanding, and the townspeople respect Xu Yunhua as Mr. Xiaoshu. In the sixteenth year of the Republic of China, the Kuomintang began to clean up the party, and the leftists in the party were framed one after another, and Xu Yunhua, who was strong and capable, was also hated by the evil people. The local evil forces in Chongde said that Xu Yunhua was a leftist and began to besiege the female teacher of the county to arrest her. Xu Yunhua took advantage of the night to go to Hangzhou, and soon took up the post of women minister in the Kuomintang county party department in Hangxian County, smashing the conspiracy of the evil forces with practical actions, and they did not dare to move the idea of the women minister of Hangxian County, the party state, no matter what.
Xu Yunhua held the official title and still returned to school to continue her education career. Two years later, the Chongde Girls' School also dismantled the business school and established the Chongde First Higher Primary School, which was located at the former site of the anti-Qing Zhishi Lu Wancun Garden Residence, so it was also called "Evening Village Primary School", and Xu Yunhua continued to serve as the principal.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the school was closed, and after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Chongfu Town Center National School was built on the old site, and well-known graduates of the Republic of China period included Sun Mingmei (former chief accountant of Wuhan Iron and Steel), Wu Ziyuan (a member of the Communist Party of China, who secretly formed the Chongfu Group of the Communist Party of China), Lü Ying (a famous music teacher), Shen Tinghua (an artist in the United States), and Fan Jiahua (a senior engineer and doctor).
Late Village Primary School continued until the founding of New China merged with several other primary schools to form Chongfu Town Complete Primary School, in 2007, Chongfu Town Primary School was renamed Chongde Primary School, with jurisdiction over Dongyuan Campus and Yuxi Campus, and now the former Zhicun Central Primary School has been merged into chongde primary school, called Chongde Primary School Education Group, and the school has continued for more than 100 years.
After liberation, well-known students graduated from Chongde Primary School including Wu Cheng (academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and doctoral supervisor of Tsinghua University), Gu Xinruo (Chinese professional and technical university of the People's Liberation Army), Zhang Xuanbang (dean of Xinjiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Yang Senhua (senior engineer) and so on.
For today's Chongfu, Xu Yunhua deserves to be one of the founding fathers of the new style of school national education, when the monument was erected in his hometown apricot altar.
The Chongfu Xu sisters, Liu Yazi's "Jade Terrace Ermiao", in the process of women's education in modern China, can be described as a pioneer in women's studies, and their outstanding contributions are long-lasting in the apricot altar!