Sixty years of red memories
In September 2013, in the process of sorting out the red archives in the Qiongya area, the Archives Bureau of Dongfang City, Hainan Province, discovered that Wu Yihuai, the former political commissar of the 12th Garrison Division of the Guangzhou Military Region, had engaged in secret work for our party in the Qiongya area from 1939 to 1942. However, the specific details of how he carried out his lurking and revolutionary work in the enemy-occupied areas can no longer be examined.
Wu Yihuai
Until the relevant departments found the elderly Wu Yihuai, he revealed to everyone that a thrilling period of more than sixty years ago, he lay on the recliner in his home in Haikou, although he was already 93 years old, but he recalled the past of the piles working in Qiongya, which is still vividly remembered.
Under the influence of the revolutionary predecessors, they aspired to revolution
Wu Yihuai was born in 1920 in Changjiang County (now Dongfang City) in western Hainan, in a place called Duntou surrounded by water, where a small river flowed from south to north in the village and finally joined the South China Sea.
Joansey Middle School
During his youth and youth, he studied at the Changjiang No. 2 Primary School and Qiongxi Middle School founded by the famous Hainan educator Shi Stan, during which educator Shi Stan and underground party member Ma Baishan often taught students in the school about the anti-imperialist, anti-feudal, and anti-oppression struggles.
Shi Stan, formerly known as Shi Zhenheng, was born in 1902 in Duntou Village, Duntou Town, Changjiang County, Hainan Province. In 1909, at the age of seven, Stan entered a private school and began his enlightenment. In 1918, at the age of 16, Stan came to Guangzhou Panyu Normal School, the following year he transferred to a French school in Guangzhou to specialize in English, in 1921 he came to Shanghai to study, and four years later he returned to Guangzhou to join the National Revolutionary Army.
At the end of 1925, when the Twenty-eighth Regiment of the Tenth Division of the National Revolutionary Army arrived in Guangxi Beihai, he submitted an application to return to his hometown of Changjiang County to engage in revolutionary work, which was later approved by the organization.
Stan (right)
In June 1926, Stan received instructions from the Kuomintang Guangdong Provincial Party Department to establish the Kuomintang Changjiang County Party Department and served as the propaganda director. During his tenure as the propaganda director of the Changjiang County Party Department of the Kuomintang, he united a large number of progressive young people in the local area, enlightened people, and under the inspiration of the "New Three People's Principles" put forward by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, he actively mobilized the awakening of fishermen, peasants and merchants, and set off an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal climax in Changjiang County.
In the same year, with the support of the Changjiang County Party Department of the Kuomintang and people from all walks of life, Shi Stan founded the Changjiang County No. 2 Primary School (referred to as Changjiang No. 2 Primary School) in Duntou and personally served as the principal, cultivating a large number of knowledgeable and cultured progressive young people for the Changgan area.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the revolution and launched the "April 12 Counter-Revolutionary Coup", and Hainan was also affected, and Stan left Hainan again to study at the National Zhejiang University. After graduation, he returned to Guangdong and held teaching positions in various schools and also worked as a teacher at South China Secondary School in Hong Kong. During his tenure as a teacher at South China Secondary School in Hong Kong, Stan organized progressive youth from Changgan to attend South China Secondary School in Hong Kong four times.
After the outbreak of the National War of Resistance, Stan joined the Communist Party of China in March 1938, and in the autumn of that year, he founded Qiongxi Middle School and led students to fight against the Japanese invaders in various parts of Hainan.
And Ma Baishan has also left a strong mark in the revolutionary history of Hainan.
Ma Baishan was born in 1907 in Chengmai County, Hainan Province.
In 1925, he was admitted to Qionghai Middle School with excellent results and joined the Chinese Nationalist Party in the same year.
In September 1927, at the low tide of the revolution, Ma Baishan officially became a member of the Communist Party of China.
Major General Ma Baishan, deputy commander of the Hainan Subdistrict of the Chinese People's Liberation Army
In the summer of 1928, he served as the secretary of the Chengsi District Committee of the Communist Party of China and the leader of the Red Army Detachment, and a year later went to Ruijin to study. After studying, he went to Shanghai, and later arranged for him to enter the Nanjing Central Military Academy through the party organization. At the end of 1931, he returned to Shanghai to work.
In August 1932, he came to teach at the Second Primary School of Changgan County (Changjiang Second Primary School) founded by Stan, and engaged in revolutionary activities under the cover of being a teacher.
Under the influence of the two of them, the young Wu Yihuai's heart buried the seeds of revolution.
The small gesture was deeply admired by the teacher
Because of one of Wu Yihuai's actions, Stan saw that this young man's future was unlimited.
At that time, there was a large stone on the mountain near Changhua Port, which resembled a human form, so some local superstitious people thought that this was a sacred mountain, so every day people worshiped it and prayed that they could "live a long life" and live a long and healthy life. However, the local people found it very difficult to worship every time they went up the mountain, so they wanted to invite the "Old Master of the Sacred Mountain" down and move to the big temple in the village, which is called "Youcun" in the local area, in addition to a feudal custom, the nose of the "Old Master of the Sacred Mountain" must not be touched, according to their saying, if they touch it, they will be punished by the "Sacred Mountain Lord" and bring disaster.
Old photos of Hainan
However, Wu Yihuai did not believe this, he summoned a few classmates, in the process of "touring the village" walked five miles to touch the nose of the "Old Master of the Sacred Mountain", when Wu Yihuai and his classmates touched the nose of the "Old Master of the Sacred Mountain", they were insulted by the feudal villagers:
"You are looking for death!" Rebel! ”
Then someone punched and kicked these teenagers.
In the face of the revenge of the feudal villagers, Wu Yihuai and his classmates were awe-struck by righteousness, and they were not afraid of danger and did not move.
Stan and Ma Baishan happened to pass by them, and Stan and Ma Baishan said:
"Bai Shan, this leading child is Wu Yihuai."
”
Ma Baishan said, "Yes."
Stan nodded and said:
"At a young age, I have such courage that I can cultivate it well."
Soon after, 16-year-old Wu Yihuai officially became a member of the Chinese Communist Party.
Wu Yihuai's lurking career
On July 7, 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident kicked off the prelude to the nation's anti-Japanese resistance, and in the second half of 1939, the Japanese army burned the flames of war to Hainan Island, and the Japanese invaders frantically swept around Duntou, Xinjie, Gangmen and other places, burning and looting everywhere. Wu Yihuai and other progressive students and ordinary people fled the country.
At the end of 1939, wu Yihuai, who was only 19 years old, became a branch member of the special party branch of the Changgan County CPC Committee, and waged a struggle against the enemy under the leadership of Kewen, the secretary of the county party committee.
Chen Kewen, secretary of the county party committee, saw that Wu Yihuai was flexible, bold, and careful, knew how to adapt to changes, had been in the party for a long time, had a high degree of loyalty to the party, and was also a local who was familiar with the terrain and was not easy to expose his identity, so he decided to send him to infiltrate the enemy-occupied areas, secretly obtain intelligence, and strive to break the blockade from within and transport military supplies.
So Chen Kewen called Wu Yihuai to his side and handed him a pistol and six bullets, and Wu Yihuai later recalled:
"I know the meaning of this pistol that Secretary Chen gave me at the beginning, the first is to use it in self-defense in an emergency, and the second is that once my identity is exposed or discovered, I will shoot myself."
In addition, Wu Yihuai also accepted a special task, that is, to find comrades who had lost contact with the organization in the enemy-occupied areas, re-establish the party group, and carry out activities in the enemy-occupied areas.
When Wu Yihuai held a copy of the Magazine "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Circle" founded by the Japanese, he successfully arrived at the enemy-occupied area as a "mixed youth."
In order to be able to obtain a long-term residence without revealing his identity, Wu Yihuai tried to obtain a "Shunmin Permit" in the enemy-occupied areas, Wu Yihuai said:
"At that time, the Japanese army adopted a registration method in order to control the population of the enemy-occupied areas, so that this document would not be borrowed by the Communists, so that the applicant's face and some characteristic expressions on the body would be recorded on the certificate."
Wu Yihuai has a black mole on the back of his neck, this tiny detail has not been missed by the Japanese, and it is also because of this black mole that he also obtained the "Shunmin Certificate".
With the magazine in his hand and the "Shunmin Certificate", the Japanese army obviously relaxed its vigilance in his search, and once when he was being examined by the Japanese army, a Japanese officer saw Wu Yihuai holding a pro-Japanese magazine in his hand, smiled at him and nodded his head, and said in Japanese, "りっぱな男" (good boy) and wrote this sentence on his "Shunmin Certificate".
At that time, the Gangmen and Duntou Village occupied by the Japanese army were far away, and Duntou Village was slandered by the Japanese as a "bandit village", and where the common people wanted to go to the Port Gate, they had to pass through the net posts set up by the Japanese army.
After investigation and understanding, Wu Yihuai organized comrades who had lost contact with the enemy-occupied areas and the organization, set up an underground party group, and later continued to develop party members in the enemy-occupied areas, and after more than two years of development, the party group already had nearly 20 party members.
Around 1942, the party group began to frequently develop underground activities in the enemy-occupied areas, and at the same time mobilized the masses to set up secret organizations such as the Youth Anti-Japanese Association and the Women's Salvation Association, and Wu Yihuai led the party organizations and these secret organizations to actively mobilize donations and material donations, effectively supporting the Qiongya Brigade's anti-Japanese activities in Hainan.
In order to better engage in underground activities, they opened the "Nichihua Tea Shop" as a cover, the clerks were all Communists, the tea shop was open normally during the day, and even provided services for the Japanese soldiers, at that time, in order not to be discovered by the enemy, they would take the initiative to provide the espresso that the Japanese army liked to drink, and the business was very hot for a while.
But in the evening, after a day of business, it became a secret stronghold of the party group.
Thrilling encounters with peak loops
After a period of activity, Wu Yihuai gained the trust of the Japanese, so he arranged for the party member Zhou Yezhen to serve as the secretary of the Gangmen Maintenance Association, providing him with first-hand information, so that Wu Jiatong, a family member of the anti-Japanese resistance, became the chief of the security guard at Duntou, and several other party members were also installed in the Gangmen and Xinjie as the chief of the security guard.
Several party members who penetrated into the enemy's interior had a clear division of labor, provided intelligence for the party organization, reconnoitred the enemy's situation, and continuously provided intelligence information to Wu Yihuai, who after collecting intelligence, analyzed it with other comrades in the party group, and constantly formulated countermeasures.
However, it was not all smooth sailing during the incubation period, and they also encountered crises.
On the night of June 18, 1940, Wu Yihuai notified three party members lurking in Xinjie, Duntou, and Gangmen to hold a meeting at Yang Qirong's house in The Village of Cut Banyuan to arrange work.
When the four of them had just taken their seats and were preparing for the meeting, there was a rapid knock at the door, and when Wu Yihuai opened the door, he received a note with it
"The sun is down, put away your clothes"
The note, which is a code word, means that the Japanese army is going to come to the village tonight to search.
At this moment, Wu Yihuai immediately canceled the meeting.
Wu Yihuai said:
"At that time, in order to better fight against the Japanese Kou, we would regularly change the code language, such as using big fish and small fish to describe the number of enemies, using rain and no rain to imply whether there were enemies around, all our code words were single-line contact, I only knew the party members who contacted me, and I didn't know the others."
Even so cautious, he was interrogated by the Japanese army when he left the village that night, fortunately he carried a pro-Japanese magazine with him, and the Japanese army let him go after a simple interrogation.
Qiongya Column
Under the shroud of this white terror, Wu Yihuai and other Communists have always insisted on launching mass work in the enemy-occupied areas, actively donating money and materials, and using the struggle to skillfully seize enemy materials to support the Qiongya Column in the war of resistance; in the summer of 1941, with the cooperation of Wu Yihuai, the short gun squad of the Qiongya Column defeated Lu Hanchuan, a traitor who was entrenched in The New Street; the Qiongya Column, based on the extremely valuable information provided by Wu Yihuai, led the masses to attack the Japanese Mitsui Foreign Company at night and seized a large amount of arms and cloth.
In addition, Wu Yihuai also set up an anti-smuggling team in the enemy-occupied areas, seized Japanese ships transporting grain in the coastal waters, and in just a few months, captured thousands of kilograms of grain, which once made the ghosts uneasy day and night.
However, by 1942, because of the exposure of his identity, Wu Yihuai withdrew from the enemy-occupied area and successively served as deputy instructor, instructor, deputy political commissar of the detachment, and political commissar of a certain squadron of the Qiongya Column.
Heroes are not forgotten by history
Wu Yihuai also made corresponding contributions in the 1950 campaign to liberate Hainan Island.
After the liberation of Hainan, Wu Yihuai successively served as chief of the cadre section of a certain unit of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, director of the regimental political office, deputy political commissar, political commissar, deputy director of the division's political department; deputy political commissar of the Yulin Fortress District of the Hainan Military Region; and deputy political commissar of the 12th Garrison Division of the Guangzhou Military Region.
Wu Yihuai was awarded the rank of Colonel of the people's Liberation Army of the Chinese in 1964, and was awarded the Order of Independence and Freedom, the Liberation Medal of the Third Class, and the Order of the Red Star of the Second Class.
Wu Yihuai retired in July 1981 and died on March 31, 2016 at the 187 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army in Haikou City at the age of 96.
In 1950, Wu Yihuai and Xu Guiying took wedding photos
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shi Dan, an educator with a discerning vision, successively served as the director of the Education Department of Hainan Administrative Region, the deputy director of the Guangdong Education Department, the vice president of Guangdong Normal College, and the vice president of Jinan University.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Ma Baishan led the Hainan Anti-Japanese Armed Forces to Qiongdao, making great contributions to the creation of the Anti-Japanese Base Area of the United States and cooperation, and actively mobilized the masses in Baisha Wentou Mountain and other places in 1944, created the Baisha Wentou Mountain Anti-Japanese Base Area, and later established the Provisional Anti-Japanese Democratic Government of Baisha County.
During the Liberation War, Ma Baishan successively served as the commander of the fourth detachment of the independent column of the Qiongya guerrilla in Guangdong Province, a member of the CPC Qiongya District Committee, the director of the Military Department of the District Party Committee, the chief of staff and deputy commander of the Qiongya Column of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and led the troops to conquer Ledong County, an important town in southwest Hainan.
Group photo of members of the Delegation of the South China People's Liberation Army of the National Political Consultative Conference Ma Baishan in the third from the left in the back row
In the later stages of the Liberation War, Ma Baishan went to Guangzhou to assist the Fourth Field Army in preparing for the liberation of Hainan Island during the sea crossing operation. After the liberation of Hainan, Ma Baishan served as the deputy commander of the Hainan Military Region, was awarded the rank of major general in 1955, the Red Star Meritorious Service Medal of the First Class in 1988, and died in Haikou City in 1992 at the age of 85.
Whether it is Wu Yihuai or Shi Stan and Ma Baishan, they silently paid their youth for the revolution on Hainan Island, far from the mainland, and their deeds were not known until their old age, and the old man Wu Yihuai buried these experiences in his early years deeply in his heart for sixty years.