After the death of His Holiness Philip IV, he left a lot of mess. The nephews of Edward III and Philip IV of England both swore their right to the French throne, culminating in the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. After the British attacked France, they advanced all the way, first defeating the French navy at the Battle of Sluth and controlling the English Channel, and then achieving a decisive victory at the Battle of Crécy, capturing Calais, France. Not only that, but the English defeated the Scottish invasion on British soil and captured the pro-French King David II of Scotland alive.
After this, the outbreak of the Black Death in Europe, about the main situation of the Black Death in Europe, you can see our previous release of the program, which has a detailed explanation, all in all, the Black Death caused Europe to be full of corpses, and the population was sharply reduced by one-third. This was much more powerful than the English broadswords and the French heavy cavalry, and it was precisely because of this plague that britain and France had been at armistice for ten years.
In 1356, the English again attacked France, encroaching on large areas of French territory and capturing King John II of France at the Battle of Poitiers. After capturing the French king alive, the British immediately extorted high ransoms from France, levied tyranny, and collected a large amount of harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes in the occupied lands, and poor King John II of France was not released until his death, which is also very tragic, it is worth noting that after the British captured King John II of France, France at that time fell into a leaderless embarrassing situation, but the British did not seize the opportunity, but signed the Peace of Breton with France, demanding that France be forced to cede all the territory south of the Loire River to the Pyrenees. The reparations were three million gold coins, while Edward abandoned the struggle for the French throne. The Anglo-French War also evolved from a struggle for the throne to a war of aggression and counter-aggression. The various atrocities committed by the British in France were resisted by the French, and in the face of great inferiority, what kind of Jedi counterattack would France stage?
Britain was victorious in the early days of the war. The British not only encroached on large tracts of French land, but also captured the King of France. France was forced to sign an unequal treaty. On the French side, after being humiliated, a great monarch was born, and he was the famous Charles V. Long before the treaty was signed, he began to plan a counterattack against the English, and in 1364, after Crown Prince Charles officially ascended the throne, he began to actively prepare for war and prepare to regain the lost land.
At this stage, France emerged a heroic figure worthy of great writing, it was Bertrand du Gacland, known as the Eagle of Brittany, who used sneak attacks, detours, guerrillas and other tactics. In the case of unequal strength between the two sides, the British army continued to consume, and the British side, after the death of the old general Sir John Chandos, the British army began to decline, although the overall strength of the British army at that time was still stronger than that of France, but the French were pulling back the situation little by little.
As we all know, Britain is an island country, and France is a traditional land power country, so in the middle of the war, the French relied on France's huge strategic depth, using a war of attrition to continuously deplete the British army' strength, and finally caused the situation to reverse. Subsequently, the French continued to regain lost territory, and by 1380, France had recaptured large areas of lost territory and forced Britain to the French coast, and finally, Britain and France concluded a twenty-year armistice in 1396, when the British had only five port cities left in French territory.
At the same time as the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France, the exchanges between Britain and France and even other European countries were also deepening, which also greatly promoted the development of English literature, art, etc., and in this period, the first world-renowned literary scholar in British history was born, Geoffrey Chaucer, whose early works were influenced by France and Italy.