The long river of history is running endlessly, there are calm waves, there are also waves, let Xiaobian take you into history and understand history.
When Cai Wenji is mentioned, the first thing that comes to everyone's mind is Cao Cao.
In fact, the one who had the deepest influence on him was his father, the literary scholar: Cai Yong. Cai Yong (蔡邕), courtesy name Bozai, was a native of Chenliu County (县, in present-day southern Qixian County, Henan), and was highly accomplished in calligraphy and musical rhythm. After Dong Zhuo came to power, he was summoned to make a "sacrificial wine" (chief, supervisor). After he was forced to go to his post, he was actually promoted in three consecutive days, and the official was left in the middle.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Ding Di described in the "Cai BoZai Female Endowment": "The order daughter of Emperor Yi Dazong, the nature of the gods; In the twenty-eighth year of the Chinese year, Phi Dunlin's Freshness. The Shangzhi of the Ming Six Columns, the Language of the History of The Females; Only after participating in the court's clear training was it clear and clear. In the "Later Han Shu • Spirited Daughter Cai Yan Biography", it is said that Cai Wenji, "erudite and talented, but also wonderful in musical rhythm", "end of the exercise has traces, leisure and tolerance." Ou Mingfeng is fierce, Zhao I Guan Tong. ”
It can be seen that Cai Wenji is a real talented woman.
However, Cai Wenji's talents in literature, calligraphy, and music all came from her father's words and deeds. Of course, in the future, the five men who appeared in succession in her life also had different influences on the direction of her fate.
First of all, let's talk about her three husbands, Wei Zhongdao, who are the second eldest of the Wei family in Hedong, and the Wei family flourished in the Wei Zifu and Wei Qing periods. This marriage was good, but Wei Zhongdao died of illness and the two had no heirs, so Cai Wenji, who became a widow, returned to her father's side.
The second was the controversial Xiongnu Zuoxian King, who, according to the Later Han Shu Dong Qi's Biography of His Wife, was "less than" the Southern Xiongnu Zuoxian King. According to this statement, this one is not a "husband" in the true sense. However, later Cao Cao "paid" a very high "ransom" to redeem Cai Wenji. It can be seen that the status of Cai Wenji in the Xiongnu at that time was not low.
Cai Wenji lived in the north for 12 years and had two sons. Even if life is no longer turbulent, but the heart has always been worried about the homeland. When she returned to Han after parting, the only thing that made her unbearable to leave was her son.
Because of this, she wrote "Hu Di Eighteen Beats" to express her inner parting sentimentality:
First paragraph
I didn't do anything at the beginning of my life, and after I was born, Han Zuo declined. The heavens are not merciful, and the earth is not merciful, so that I am at this time. Gango Day is looking for a dangerous road, and the people are in exile and mourning together. The smoke and dust cover the wild and the beard is flourishing, and it is meant to be obedient and righteous. It is not appropriate for me to be special and vulgar, and who should be insulted and sued. He clapped the piano for a while, and his heart was angry and unknowable.
Second paragraph
Rong Xian forced me to be a room family, and dragged me to the end of the world. Yun shan is full of heavy returns, and the wind is thousands of miles away from dust and sand. Many people are violent like snakes, and the control strings are arrogant and luxurious. The two beats of Zhang Strings are desperate, and the heart is broken and self-pitying. ... ...
Eighteenth paragraph
Hu Zi ben from Hu Zhong, Yuanqin turned out the same rhythm. Although the eighteen beats of the song are over, the sound is endless. It is the work of knowing the silk and bamboo, and the mourning and happiness are changed according to the hearts of the people. Hu and Han are exotic and special, and heaven and earth are separated from the west and the east.
End
Bitter I am angry in the long sky, although the liuhe is widely accepted should not be tolerated!!
Dong Qi, cai Wenji's last husband, has an age difference of more than 15 years.
The year after the marriage, Dong Qi broke the law and was sentenced to death by Cao Cao. The weather was quite cold, and Cai Wenji went barefoot and with her hair loose to intercede for her husband. After Cao Cao saw it, he asked people to take a turban and shoes and socks and quickly put them on.
Cai Yong's biography contains more than 10,000 volumes, and 4,000 volumes still exist in his later years. Therefore, Cao Cao asked about this matter, and she was very emotional. At first, although her father had left her the 4,000 volumes of books, due to the continuous war, there was very little left around her. Fortunately, she was able to recite more than 400 volumes. Cao Cao was overjoyed when he heard this, and immediately wanted to send someone to her house to write down what she had memorized.
However, she was rejected by Cai Wenji, saying: "There is a difference between men and women, and according to the etiquette system, men and women cannot teach it personally." Therefore, Cao Cao gave her a pen and paper, and asked her to write down all the articles she could remember and give them to herself, and these articles were not wrong at all. Later, Cao Cao agreed to pardon Dong Qi, and the couple went up the luo river and returned to the hidden mountain forest.
During this period, she composed two poems of sorrow and indignation:
【Part 1】
Han Ji lost his authority, and Dong Zhuo was in chaos. If you want to usurp the land, you will first harm the virtuous. Forced to move to the old state, support the Lord to strengthen themselves. Hai Nei Xingyi, want to discuss the ominous. Zhuo Zhong came to the east, and the golden armor shone brightly. The Pingtu people are fragile, and the soldiers are all Hu Qiang. ... ...
【Part 2】
He was in trouble with the world. Clan Funeral Portal List. Entering Xiguan with a slight grasp. Adventure is a snag. The valley is long. He sighed but sighed. Sleeplessly can't sleep. Hungry and unable to eat. ... ...
The whole poem has one hundred and eight sentences, counting five hundred and four crosses. The first is the Wuyan style, which is the first autobiographical long narrative poem created by literati in the history of Chinese poetry, which is highly praised by posterity; The other is the riot body, which uses the description of natural scenery to express his grief away from his homeland. There are not many records of Cai Wenji's deeds in history, but the story of "Wenji's return to Han" has been widely circulated in successive dynasties.
However, looking at the other two men, one can be said to be the cause of Cai Wenji's turbulent life, and the other is to end Cai Wenji's "wandering" career outside.
Dong Zhuo, when he forced Cai Yong to take office, he had to "surrender" to Dong Zhuo after 12 years of being "far away from the rivers and lakes" in Wudi and being threatened with "extermination". After that, he was killed by Wang Yun, and it was because of this person that he rose up. After Dong Zhuo was assassinated by Lü Bu, Cai Wenji's life was "turned upside down". When she was captured, she was originally from the Kantō region, while her father was in Chang'an. In his "Poems of Sorrow and Indignation", he wrote poems such as "Zhuo Zhong came to the east" and "All the soldiers came to Hu Qiang".
Most of Dong Zhuo's subordinates were Qiang and Hu people, although there were only a few words, and she was not sighing: if there was no such person involved in their family's life, she might not have suffered this disaster. It was also these two sentences that made later scholars question that the work was not created by himself. If we carefully consider the situation at that time, the displacement and turmoil of the period when she was captured should be in line with the facts, and should not be erased from the simple words of the poem.
Let's talk about Cao Cao, a historical figure full of controversies. However, it can be seen from the redemption of Cai Wenji with heavy money that Cao Cao was a person who attached great importance to friendship. Cao Pi said in "Cai BoZai's Female Endowment": His father and Cai Yong are "good at managing Bao". When Cao Cao later heard about What happened to Cai Wenji, he immediately sent emissaries to "negotiate" with the Xiongnu.
However, some people say that cao Cao's purpose of this move is nothing more than "lustful".
And this is pure "nonsense". Although Cao Cao's "flow" is obvious to all, he is by no means a person who does things without measure. He helps Cai Wenji because Cai Wenji's father is his best friend, and at the same time, he also respects Cai Wenji's talent.
Cai Wenji's encounter is indeed regrettable, but her talent is even more admirable. Mercury Crater has 15 outstanding Chinese literary artists in China, and Cai Wenji is among them, which is the best proof. Although the hardships of life have brought her many traumas, they have not covered up her talent. When she told Cao Cao that she could write the articles she remembered, she also said: She can write real books or cursive books.
Cao Cao was a person who loved talent, and for her, it was a blessing. If this were not the case, in the history of Chinese literature, I am afraid that there would be less color. It can be said that life gave Cai Wenji a "heavy blow" at the same time, but also gave her a stage to show her talents.
Well, today's sharing ends here, and we'll see you next time