The Tomb of Genghis Khan (Cyrillic Mongolian: Чингис хааны онгон, English: Mausoleum of Genghis Khan), abbreviated as Chengling. It is the crown tomb of Genghis Khan, the first great khan of the Mongol Empire, located on the yijinholo banner grassland in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 40 kilometers away from the city of Ordos. Due to the prevalence of "secret burial" among Mongolians, the real genghis Khan's mausoleum has always been a mystery. Historical records record the absorption of Genghis Khan's last breath, that is, the camel's hair of the soul, which has been stored in Genghis Khan's mausoleum for hundreds of years. The present-day Mausoleum of Genghis Khan was relocated many times until 1954, when it was moved from the Taal Monastery in Qinghai back to its hometown of IkinHolo Banner. The cemetery covers an area of about 5.5 hectares, which is of great value for the study of the history and culture of the Mongolian nation and even the nomadic peoples of northern China, and has been approved as a national key cultural relics protection unit. The adjacent Genghis Khan Mausoleum Tourist Area is a 5A-level scenic spot.
The "Chief Deity" enshrined in the Genghis Khan Mausoleum for all Mongolians, the Eight White Houses (Rooms), that is, the eight white felt tents, are places of worship, not burial of golden bodies. Since the Mongols were nomadic, the establishment of the Eight White Chambers was adapted to the characteristics of nomadism, which could be moved at any time in order to sacrifice anywhere. After the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, the White Chamber of Sacrifice, which was built in Ordos, was initially in hiding. According to historical documents, after Genghis Khan's return to heaven, he established genghis Khan's white palace in the northern steppe of the desert and the southern part of Muneshan (present-day Ordos), respectively, as "the chief deity of all Mongolia" and performed the highest standard of sacrifice. "This white palace tent is the prototype of the 'Eight White Houses' that will be formed later", but "in the period from Wokoutai to Kublai Khan, due to frequent conquests, Genghis Khan's memorial has always been in a relatively simple traditional memorial.". In 1264 (the first year of the Yuan Dynasty), Kublai Khan won the struggle for power and moved the Mongol capital from Hala and Lin in the north of the desert to Yanjing (present-day Beijing), and then changed its name to "Dadu". In 1266 (to the third year of the Yuan Dynasty), Kublai Khan established the Taimiao Temple in Dadu, and after listening to the suggestions of Boyan and others, he "designated the Taimiao Temple as eight rooms", which undoubtedly made a fundamental stereotype of the eight white rooms from the institutional and legal point of view. "Although the sacred objects enshrined in the Eight White Houses of Genghis Khan have undergone some changes in different historical periods, their core has not changed, that is, the palace accounts of Genghis Khan and his wife have always been in the center. Therefore, the Eight White Houses have always been a whole in people's minds, and their basic content has not changed much", Kublai Khan established the eight rooms in most capitals, and at the same time, he also "established the system of four seasons sacrifice in the eight rooms of the Taimiao Temple". The formulation of the "Four O'Clock Ceremony" also set a complete system of specifications for the sacrifice of Genghis Khan's mausoleum so far. Many Mongolian documents believe that "Ordos (Mune Fire Fever) was the place where the Eight White Houses of Genghis Khan were founded", and the History of the Mongolian People's Republic (1996 edition) also records that "after the death of Genghis Khan, the Eight White Houses were established in Ordos", "From then on, the White House of Genghis Khan was also called 'Naiman Chagan Ordos', that is, the 'Eight White Houses'". Genghis Khan's Eight White Rooms, with the changes of history, have been migrating and going through several storms. "During the Yuan Dynasty, there were gods worshipped by Genghis Khan everywhere. That is, in Ordos in the Hetao region, Hala and Lin in the north of the desert, and the capitals of the Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Shangdu and Yuan Dadu, all built the gods worshipped by Genghis Khan and made offerings. This situation lasted for a hundred years."
Around 1460, the Ordos tribe that guarded and sacrificed Genghis Khan's palace tent began to enter the Baori Taohai region (that is, the Yellow River Loop Plain) from the Mobei Plateau in the ming dynasty, and in 1469 (the fifth year of Ming Chenghua), Mandulu led the Mongolian Ordos department into the set, and the Eight White Rooms also moved into the set. In 1496 (the ninth year of Hongzhi), the Ordos ministry settled in a large number of Baori Taohai area, and the worship gods and the four major Ordo gods of Genghis Khan's desert north also gradually migrated to the area with the Ordos people, and merged with the gods of Genghis Khan who was founded in Ordos to form many white palace tents, commonly known as the Eight White Houses (rooms). Around 1510, after Dayan Khan unified the Mongol ministries, he held a grand festival in front of the Eight White Chambers. Since then, the Ordos Ministry has been led by Dayan Khan's grandson Gunbilik Morgenjinong, stationed in the Hetao region, where the Eight White Chambers are enshrined. The Loop area has since been known as "Ordos" (meaning a place with many palaces, derived from the word "Ordo" (Urdo) in Genghis Khan's palace tent, that is, referring to many places such as Genghis Khan's Eight White Houses).
In 1649 (the sixth year of Qing Shunzhi), a descendant of Genghis Khan, Ordos Jinong, the first head of the Yikezhao League, Ehuchen, relocated the Eight White Houses and Suled and other holy relics from Yikezhao on the south bank of the Yellow River to the Junwang Banner and enshrined them on the grass on the banks of the Hog River in Bayinchang. From then on, this place was called "Ijin Holo" (meaning the courtyard of the Holy Lord).
In the Qing Dynasty, the Li Fan Yuan, which was in charge of ethnic affairs, also had a clear provision for the eight hundred rooms, and the "Rules for the Li Fan Yuan" during the Kangxi Period of the Qing Dynasty stipulated: "In the territory of the Yike Zhao League, there are Genghis Khan's garden beds, and the Seven Banners of Ordos have five hundred households in Dalhat that have guarded the garden beds and undertake ritual sacrifices." Such a household shall not be a subordinate to the king, and shall be selected in the league as a member of the elite Zasak, the special manager. "Through the importance that the Qing government attached to the Dalmatians who guarded the tombs, we can feel the importance of the Eight White Chambers to the Mongolian people and the central government. Since then, the outside world has called the Eight White Rooms "Genghis Khan's Mausoleum".
Westward migration
After the July 7 Incident in 1937, driven by the policy of "if you want to conquer China, you must first conquer Manchuria and Mongolia", Japan successively occupied most of Suiyuan (western Inner Mongolia), and established the Mongolian Union Autonomous Government in Guisui in late October of that year, renaming Guisui "Houhehot City", and at the same time sending spies to influence the situation in Inner Mongolia through Chengling.
At the beginning of 1939, when the Yikezhao League's Shakdurzhab went to Chongqing, he proposed to the Nationalist government that the coffin of Genghis Khan be moved to the kollogobezi banner in the northwest of Qinghai Province to avoid the chaos of war, and Chiang Kai-shek agreed and appointed Fu Zuoyi, chairman of the Shawang and Suiyuan provincial governments, and Deng Baoshan, commander-in-chief of the Suiyuan Border Region of Jinxi, as the chief priests of the Qiling, and the sha king was the main priest, and the funds were allocated from the state treasury. When determining the location of Anling, considering that Genghis Khan had passed through Gansu when he attacked Western Xia, it was decided to temporarily move Genghis Khan's coffin to Xinglong Mountain in Yuzhong County, Gansu Province. In June 1939, the coffins of Genghis Khan and Boer Thehatun, the coffin of KuranHatun and the god of war of Genghis Khan, HariSuled (Black Silk), were moved west to Xinglong Mountain in Yuzhong County, Gansu Province, and on the way the Communist Party also held a memorial ceremony. In early August 1949, Ma Bufang, the military and political governor of the Northwest, ordered the coffin of Genghis Khan to be moved to the Taal Monastery in Qinghai Province, which was the last stop of Chengling's westward migration.
Fetch reconstruction
In June 1953, at the request of the mongolian people, the People's Government of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region submitted a report to the Government Council of the Central People's Government requesting the relocation of the mausoleum of Genghis Khan to the IjinHolo Banner. It was approved to allocate 800,000 yuan of special funds to build the newly built Tomb of Jis Khan, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Government established the Qingling and Tomb Construction Committee.
In December 1953, the Government Council of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China approved the request of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to move the tomb of Genghis Khan from the Qinghai Tar Monastery back to Yijin Holo, and decided that the Central People's Government would allocate special funds to build the Jis Khan Mausoleum. The chairman of the autonomous region, Ulan fu, personally selected the site and laid the foundation for the cemetery.
On March 15, 1954, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, composed of 29 people, including 29 people including the head of the Yikezhao League, welcomed the delegation of Genghis Khan's coffin and rushed to Xining by car to prepare to welcome back the coffin of the Great Khan. On March 29, all members of the spirit delegation, together with the leaders of Xining, Qinghai, were invited to hold a ceremony at the Taal Temple to invite the spirit to return to the coffin. After the ceremony, on April 3, the coffin of Genghis Khan, the coffin of Kuran Hadun, and The Sould, as well as the accompanying Dalguts and the delegation of the Spirits, returned to Inner Mongolia. On April 7, 1954, he was invited to return to Igin Holo's hometown, and on April 23, the first major festival after the relocation of Chengling was held in Igin Holo. In the spring of 1955, the construction of Genghis Khan's mausoleum officially began. The construction of the cemetery is under the responsibility of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Construction Engineering Bureau. Designed by Guo Yuncheng, engineer of the Design Office of the Planning Commission of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The reconstruction of Genghis Khan's Mausoleum was completed on October 30, 1955, and the cemetery was completed in 1956. In May 1956, the coffins of Genghis Khan and several of his wives were placed in the mausoleum. At the same time, the Eight White Houses of Genghis Khan, Hari Suledeh and other holy relics distributed in the flags of Ordos will be concentrated in the Tomb of Genghis Khan, and the ceremony and the inauguration ceremony of the new building of the Mausoleum palace will be held. In 1982, it was selected as the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 2004, a comprehensive renovation and construction began.