In 1757, a holy decree approved by Qianlong was transmitted from Beijing to the coastal provinces, and the promulgation and implementation of this holy decree marked the Qing Dynasty's complete pursuit of a closed country policy.
On the grounds that the coastal defense area should regulate foreign business activities, Qianlong specially ordered foreign merchants to trade only in Guangdong, and except for Guangzhou, the ports of the other coastal provinces were forbidden to trade with foreign countries.
The direct reason for Qianlong's promulgation of this holy decree was the fear that the foreigners' merchant ships would go north into the interior, and that they might support the anti-Qing sentiments that already existed among the people in the coastal areas, and if these people colluded with the foreigners, they would threaten the rule of the Qing Dynasty.
The immediate consequence of the implementation of the closed policy was to isolate China from the world, and this holy decree was later considered to be the bane that caused modern China to lag behind the world, and thus began the sadness of China's modern history.
A history of the | anecdotes
Cannons were used to open the doors of the Qing Dynasty and forced to sign the first unequal treaty in modern China
In June 1840, the Opium War broke out, marked by Lin Zexu's sale of cigarettes, and the British sent a fleet to Guangzhou to rescue the British merchants who were detained by Lin Zexu on the grounds that the safety of the British people was threatened by the Qing Dynasty. However, in this military operation, the British did not declare war on the Qing Dynasty, only believing that it was a retaliation, not a war. But to the surprise of the British, in just 9 minutes, the British fleet destroyed all the warships and shore guns of the Qing army in a state of decay, shocking the world, and the Western powers began to re-examine the once powerful Qing Dynasty.
The defeated Qing Dynasty in 1842 was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking with Britain, and the Opium War also laid the groundwork for the future invasion of China by Western powers, after all, backwardness will be beaten, and a country with a large land and rich resources has long been satisfied with self-sufficiency, then it is doomed to corruption with the invasion of Western countries.
The Eight-Power Alliance invaded China, and the Western powers began a boom in the division of China
In 1900, the Eight-Power Alliance invaded Beijing on the grounds of suppressing the Boxers and protecting the embassy, and after the war broke out, Beijing was breached in less than 3 months, and the actual controller of the Qing Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi, fled with the Tianzi Emperor and abandoned tens of thousands of people in beijing.
In the face of these brutal invaders, the Qing rulers could only blindly endure humiliation and seek perfection, and on September 7, 1901, Li Hongzhang, appointed by Empress Dowager Cixi, signed a "pro-ugly treaty" with the great powers on behalf of the Qing Dynasty, and China has since completely entered a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
It has never invaded China, but it is the country that occupies the largest amount of china's territory except for Tsarist Russia
In the upsurge of the imperialist powers dividing up China, Tsarist Russia even more sought a large amount of land and wealth from it. According to the records, Tsarist Russia is the country that occupies the most Chinese territory in modern times, and there is no one! But those who have studied the history of the Qing Dynasty will find that Kazakhstan today occupies the largest amount of our territory except for Tsarist Russia.
Originally, today's Kazakhstan was part of the territory of the Qing Dynasty before it was invaded and occupied by Soviet Russia and became independent, and the Kazakh tribes, the predecessor of Kazakhstan, were divided into three khanates, namely The Little Jade, the Middle Jade, and the Great Jade. Later, the most powerful State of the Kazakh tribes, the Great Jade State, was annexed by the Dzungar Khanate, and the Qing Dynasty also solved the Dzungar Khanate when unifying the Mongol tribes, and the Kazakh tribes voluntarily became a vassal state of the Great Qing State in order to thank the Qing Dynasty, and Kazakhstan also belonged to Chinese territory from then on!
But as the Qing Dynasty weakened, it was annexed in 1864 by Tsarist Russia, which had long been eyeing The Kazakhs. In 1917, Tsarist Russia was overthrown by the October Revolution, and its territory was inherited by the Soviet Union. In 1936, the Kazakh tribes changed their name and became a Soviet republic. But with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Kazakhstan was part of the Soviet Union, and Kazakhstan, a territory originally occupied by Tsarist Russia, also inherited a part. Since Kazakhstan declared its independence on December 16, 1991, the relations between China and Kazakhstan have also been very friendly, and Kazakhstan has also taken the initiative to return 1,300 square kilometers of land to China.