Located in Beijing's Haidian district, Xiangshan was the royal residence of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, so it also left a large number of historical architectural relics. The most common relic in Xiangshan is the Qianlong Stone Carving, but it is mainly concentrated in the Qinzheng Hall. Experts said that Qianlong's "Fengjiao" carved stone is the most famous, because at first many people did not know what it meant, and later after research, they discovered its mystery. What exactly does "phoenix" mean? The following Xiaobian will reveal the secret to you.
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The Hall of Diligence is at the east gate of Xiangshan, and the historical records record that it was built in the tenth year of Qianlong (1745 AD), which was built by Qianlong for the "office" in Xiangshan, so it was named "Diligent Administration", that is, "Diligent Government, Diligent in Thinking". Covering an area of about 8,000 square meters, the Hall of Diligence is mainly composed of the main hall and the north and south side halls, as well as some landscape rockeries and flowing waters. The Qianlong Emperor loved the Palace of Diligence and Diligence, and almost every year he had to stay here for a few days, especially when the autumn leaves were in full bloom, Qianlong would also take hundreds of officials with him to hunt in Xiangshan in autumn. After the death of the Qianlong Emperor, the Qinzheng Hall was left idle until the Xianfeng Decade (1860 AD), when the Anglo-French army broke into Xiangshan and burned the Qinzheng Hall clean with a fire, leaving only a little of the palace foundation.
At the beginning of this century, the relevant departments of Beijing Municipality maintained the ancient building of Xiangshan, so in 2002, the Qinzheng Hall was restored to the original, which was also revitalized again, and for a time also attracted a large number of citizens to visit and see the appearance of the "office" of the Qianlong Emperor. When visiting the Qinzheng Hall, many citizens also saw that many Qianlong stone carvings were also renovated, and they were also painted with red paint, which was not only easier to identify, but also looked quite festive.
According to incomplete statistics, there are as many as a hundred stone carvings on Xiangshan Mountain, some of which are left by emperors and some of which are left by celebrities, but the most historical value is the imperial stone carvings, especially the Qianlong stone carvings, such as the "Sen Yu Wat" stone carvings, or today's "one of the twenty-eight scenery"; there are also "Wei Xiu" stone carvings, "weeping cloud" stone carvings and "Liu Qing" stone carvings. Through these stone carvings, you can not only see the calligraphy of the Qianlong Emperor, but also feel his interest in life, which also shows Qianlong's open-minded outlook on life. Among the many stone carvings, the most impressive one is the "Phoenix".
The "Phoenix" stone is carved in the southwest of the Qinzheng Hall, carved on the outside of a square stacked stone, and can be seen by people when they pass by. The most interesting thing is that in the beginning, many people saw it as "phoenix flavor" and always wondered what phoenix flavor meant. Later, experts said that it was "phoenix", and the last word was pronounced the same as "mantra", meaning the beak of a bird, so "phoenix" means the mouth of a phoenix. In fact, it is true that this is understood literally, but if you think about it further, why is it "phoenix"? After all, the stone engraved with "Phoenix" is not quite like the beak of a phoenix.
Later, after research, some experts found that there is another interpretation of "phoenix", that is, phoenix. The so-called "Fengzhu Yan" is the name of a kind of Yantai, and the Northern Song Dynasty literary scholar Su Shi recorded in the "Four Treasures of the Thesis Room": "Wang Yi of Taiyuan in Xi'ning thought that Yan, the rest of the yu yu Feng" and also praised it as "Dragon Tail Treasure". After research, experts found that the Fengqi Yan was made of Nanjian Stone, and the stone was mainly produced along the Minjiang River in Nanping City, Fujian Province, because it was washed by the river for a long time, so the stone materials were shaped like a beak, so the brick platform was made of an elegant name - Fengqi Yan.
The Qianlong Emperor liked to collect, although the Fengqi Yan was not a famous yan in history, but the elegant name was also quite respected, so it was certainly indispensable in Qianlong's collection. Experts said that the rock engraved with "Fengqi" looks like a brick platform if it looks down from above, which also proves that the Qianlong Emperor's "Fengjiao" stone carving originated from Fengjiaoyan, perhaps at that time the Qianlong Emperor had just obtained a Fengqi yan, and saw that the rock in front of him was very similar to the Yantai, so he was interested in writing down the fengqi carved on the rock, and finally added "Qianlong Chenhan", indicating that this was his true handwriting.
Qianlong is one of the most famous emperors in Chinese history, he not only "ruled a big country like cooking small fresh", but also enjoyed the joy of life, so he lived to the age of 89, becoming the longest-lived emperor among China's feudal emperors. In addition, Qianlong also likes to collect, leaving us a large number of cultural relics and treasures, in addition, he also particularly likes inscriptions, whether it is calligraphy and painting, or mountain stones, the Qianlong Emperor always wants to leave some of his pen and ink, so people say that he is an "inscription maniac". In fact, such a statement is not true, after all, Qianlong is the king of a country, his inscriptions have become treasures, and now every piece is worth a lot.
Nowadays, the Qianlong Emperor has long become history, although the Qinzheng Hall was destroyed, but also repaired, only his stone carvings have not changed, such as the "Fengjiao" stone carvings are still the original appearance, if you have time, you may wish to go to Xiangshan to explore the stone carvings, and perhaps you can also experience the interest of the Qianlong Emperor's life.
Resources:
"Xiangshan Stone Carvings" by Zhang Yuli, Publisher: Xinhua Publishing House
Wenlan Hairun Studio Editor-in-Chief Wen Xiucai, this article is written by: Special History Writer: Liu Lijiang's