"FengheTu Epitaph", full name is "Tun Riding Colonel Lieutenant Jianwei General Luozhou Thorn Shi Chang Guozi Feng Envoy Epitaph". It was excavated in 1980 in a place called Qingliang, near the village of North Xiaozhan on Yungang Grotto Road, 8 kilometers west of Datong City. The epitaph is in the shape of a stele, 42 cm high and 32 cm wide. There are 12 lines of 12 characters per line, for a total of 141 characters. The boundary is a shallow chess grid, with a square of 2.7-2.9 cm. Stone was created in the first year of the reign of Emperor Xuanwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty (504), the stone quality is excellent, the book carvings are excellent, and the inscriptions are as good as ever. No book inscribed with a person's name.
Fenghe Tutu Epitaph Takumoto
Commentary:
Tun Riding Colonel Lieutenant Jianwei General Luozhou Thorn / Shi Chang Guozi Feng Envoy Jun's Epitaph /
Tun Riding Lieutenant, Lingdu Pastoral Order, Chang Guozi, Gong/Surname Feng, Character and Tu, Hengzhou DaiJun Pingcheng People/Also. Hao Tian does not hang, spring and autumn sixty have four, to / Jing Ming second year spring first moon Xue Yu official. Emperor uses/mourns, dispatches the coffin to give the state thorn history, secret seal/grant, and ceremony also. In the summer of the first year of the first year, Bu / Zhao yu Wu perimeter, published Shi Le song, style narration / Fang. Its words are: less deep Qi Ling, long xun kuan ming. / Filial piety on the inside, loyalty on the outside. At high level, there is no danger, / full of profit. Engrave the stone, and wave the wind clearly.
Cover and sudden epitaph extension part
The tomb master feng and sudden, the Book of Wei, the History of the North are not transmitted. From this epitaph, it is known that he was a native of Pingcheng (present-day Datong City) in Dai County, Hengzhou, Hengzhou, which was the establishment of the old capital after the relocation of Luo. The characters with the surnames contained in the Book of Wei are divided into two systems, one is the so-called "Shenyuan Emperor, the remaining surnames are intruded", and this surname is "later changed to the fengshi" of "is the Ben clan". Its main characters were the empress of the Shenyuan Emperor Tuoba Liwei Prince Desert Khan, the later Daigong, the Daiwang Huan Emperor, and the Mother of Emperor Mu(潣) of the Feng (陳贲) clan. His person was buried in Tianyuanchi near Pingcheng. Another is the Feng (陳贲) edict, which the Book of Wei makes clear that he is "Daidaiye". Emperor Daowu's early official Bai Youzhou stabbed history. Later, he was an envoy, a military governor of Jiqing Erzhou, a former general, a Kaifu, a jiqing erzhou assassin, and a marquis of Guannei, and died in the first year of Emperor Xianwen's reign (466, at this time Fenghe Tu was twenty-nine years old). Feng Shuwen's grandfather Feng (is 贲) Bean, his father's seal (is 贲) Nie, together with the previous fengfeng (is 贲) Zhen, Emperor Taiwu's early general feng (is 贲) ceremony, should be the same clan, and should also be related to Emperor Huan's mother's fengshi. Feng Shuwen had sons Feng Wanhu, Feng Han, Sun Fengjing, great-grandson Feng Xi, and Xuan Sun Feng, it seems that none of them were Feng He and Tu Qi, but they were all of the same Dai County Feng clan. Before the edict was sealed, there was also the general Feng Zhen. Another feudal surname in the Book of Wei was Murong Yan's former vassal Murong Yan of the Northern Wei Dynasty (397-398) when emperor Daowu Ping zhongshan and Murong Yan returned to Wei after the destruction of Yan, whose representative figure was Feng Yi and whose place of origin was the Bohai people. This family was originally surnamed Feng, not changed by the Ben clan. Feng Yi's descendants and clansmen were many, but they were later killed by Sima Guofan.
Feng Hetu "Spring and Autumn Sixty have four, with Jingming second year (501) Spring Zhengyue Xue Yu Guan", then he was born in the third year of the Taiwu Emperor Tuoba Tao Taiping Zhenjun III (438), mainly active in the four dynasties of Wencheng, Xianwen, Xiaowen, and Xuanwu. Feng He was a lieutenant of the Tun Riding School before his death, and the lieutenant of the Tun Riding School in the early Northern Wei Dynasty was from the third rank. Taihe "twenty-three years, Gaozu reinstated the second order", "Sejong first class practiced, thought that the eternal system" of the official system, Tun Riding Lieutenant as the fifth product. However, because he was also the governor of the capital, his status in the capital was relatively high. Du Mu Ling is not found in the Wei Shu Guan zhi, but the "Biography of Gao Hu" records that his nephew Gao Dao attacked the Marquis of Jing County, "Worship du Mu Ling, move the general of Zhennan, Xiangzhou Assassination History". The four town generals in the early period were descended from the first product, the later period was from the second product, the late Shangzhou thorn history was the third product, and the Middle State thorn history was from the third product. It can be seen that the official products before the feng and the sudden front are lower than the second and third products, but his gifted official Luozhou thorn history is from the second product of the "Sizhou Mu". In this way, his status was very high, and it is no wonder that in the second year of Jingming (501), Emperor Xuanwu Yuan Ke was deeply "shocked" and sent officials to the spirit to pay tribute with "honey seal silk".
In the nineteenth year of Taihe, Emperor Xiaowen ordered the people of Luo to be moved, "those who move south on behalf of others are all luoyang people in Henan" and "they must be buried in Henan and must not be returned to the north". Like Feng Hetu died in Luoyang, three years later he was buried in the Pingcheng Wu Perimeter, which is a special case, and there must be a reason for it.
The excavation of the Fenghetu Epitaph provides new historical materials for the study of the history of the Northern Wei Dynasty. His burial place, Wu Zhou Jie, quelled a lawsuit about the location of Wu Zhou Sai Kou, and also showed that the words "Zhou" and "Zhou" in Wuzhou Mountain and Wu Zhou Mountain, Wu Zhou Sai and Wu Zhou Sai could be used interchangeably.
The calligraphy of the "FengheTu Epitaph" is the northern body of the Wei Monument in the full sense, which belongs to the way of Fang Zhongjin interception and ups and downs. It is similar to the style of the Luoyang Longmen Grottoes in the same period, such as the "Statue of Shiping Gong", but it is not as formal as that of Shiping Gong; it is closer to the "Tomb of Princess Li of Rencheng" excavated in Luoyang in 1932 and is more powerful and wanton. The Li family epitaph is a second year of Jing Ming (501) object, which is "the former Guo Tainong Fu Gong Cao Shi Chen Ru Zhongjingzao". The erzhi are similar in style, and the time is only three years apart, so is Fengzhi also written by this Ru Shiguan?
On the whole, the pen used in the "Fenghe Tu Epitaph" is mainly based on square pens, whether horizontal, vertical, apostrophe, or lifting, they all use square pens to show sharp edges, horizontally such as "stone", "wu", "spring", vertical such as "ten", "zhou", "order", "danger", and "school", "pastoral", "touch", etc., both square and heavy, exaggerated and surprising. The weight of the foot is also quite prominent, such as "history", "dispatch", "Qi" and so on. The right oblique and line strokes of vertical paintings such as "County", "Hanging", "ie", "Yin", "Nian", "Bu" and other closing strokes, the relaxation and expressiveness of the brushes such as "Shi", "Jun", "Hao", "Shi", "Wai" and so on, and even the horizontal painting such as the two "no" words to draw the pen inadvertently downward, all received the opposite effect from the starting pen of the square weight raised earlier.
Another prominent feature that makes up the square weight of this stone calligraphy is the right fold of the square weight and the pressure is a little out of place, such as "guo", "chang", "moon", "use", "four" and other words. Also in contrast to this situation are the light pen, round pen or open envelope in the left part. For example, the upper left of the three lines of "Guo" is not sealed, and the vertical pen is a round pen; several "four" characters, the left horizontal edge is lightly raised, and the vertical painting is a symbolic stroke that passes through and is not sealed. It is precisely because of such a stippling characteristic that this stone has a vivid and ups and downs artistic charm under Fang Chongxiong's main style. In addition, the changes in the knot body, such as the side of the "Chang", "Jing", "Xue", "Li", "Ying", the odd and positive shapes, in terms of the knot, such as "Tun", "Silk", "Wide", "Waving" and other characters of the stick figure provincial painting, "ren", "yin", "zhou", "inner", "high", "none", "engraving" and other words of the square circle and the mixture of kaixing, which makes this stone calligraphy more strange and elegant.
Appreciation of some single word large pictures