Winter is the season when pediatric clinics are full, and children are most likely to get sick in hot and cold weather. After having a baby, I found that seeing a doctor was also a technical job, seeing a doctor for five minutes, and tossing and turning for half a day:
Communicating with the doctor is always unsatisfactory and busy;
The test results come out, half a day can not wait for the doctor, really want to understand the test sheet;
There are so many departments in the hospital, accidentally hanging up the wrong number, re-queuing, making people crazy...
Today, Dou Miao's mother will come to tell you how to efficiently take the baby to see a doctor.
01
What is the condition of the child that must go to the hospital?
If your baby is uncomfortable at home, should he see a doctor immediately? In the following 6 cases, don't delay!
Look at the spirit
Sleepy and clingy, delirious, indifferent, and incessant crying that is difficult to soothe.
Look at the face and breathe
Pale or bruised face and extremities, rapid breathing, or difficult breathing.
Look at excretion
Low urine output, black stools, blood in the stool.
Look at the temperature
The temperature is higher than 39 degrees, or continuous fever for more than 3 days, and soon after taking antipyretic drugs, fever is again, and the temperature has no downward trend compared with the last time, and there is a rash to pay special attention.
Look at age
Babies under 3 months of age, even if they are in good spirits, should seek medical attention immediately as long as they have a fever.
Other special circumstances
Misuse of drugs, poisons, being stabbed by stuck fish, suspected of swallowing foreign bodies, etc.
Dou miao mother nagged: even if you don't go to the hospital, parents should pay close attention to the baby's situation, and if there is an abnormality, seek medical treatment in time, do not ask! hundred! degree!
02
Hang to the department
Don't take a detour to see a doctor!
Let's officially talk about the decision to go to the hospital, hanging on to the question of what department:
01 There is a fever condition
During the epidemic period, if there is a fever manifestation, you should go to a fever clinic. Those with an epidemiological history should inform the triage nurse in advance. Specifically obey the hospital's prevention and control regulations, you can first call to understand.
02 No fever or have seen a fever clinic
Look at the symptoms and then decide what department to hang.
During special periods, some departments require that even if there is no fever symptom, a negative nucleic acid report must be provided before it can be seen. For example, in the department of stomatology and the department of otolaryngology, pay attention to the hospital regulations when registering.
03 A table to understand the symptoms corresponding to the department
*For reference only, individual department names may vary
Dou Miao's mother nagged: Finally, I want to talk about a few diseases that are particularly easy to get wrong
Regarding cough, cough breathing departments are more about chronic cough, asthma, etc. Cough of acute respiratory infections, not necessarily respiratory;
Herpetic stomatitis, ulcers, etc. to see the internal medicine department, rather than having to go to the stomatology department;
Language delay to look at the pediatric department rather than necessarily the neurology department;
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease does not have to go to dermatology;
All those who are seriously ill can go to the emergency department first, instead of having to go to a specialist or so on.
03
Learn 2 little things
Don't worry about holding the test form!
Every time you go to the hospital, the blood routine is inevitable to do, today Dou Miao mother will teach you how to read the test list, probably understand the child's physical condition.
01 Blood routine usually includes these 3 items
The blood routine generally includes these 3 pieces: white blood cell index, red blood cell index, and platelet index.
No.1
Let's look at the leukocyte-related indicators first
White blood cells are creeps, and when a bacterial virus attacks the body, it rushes out to protect us, so that the test data is abnormal.
Elevated leukocytes and (or) neutrophils
May occur during bacterial infection, and in some cases elevate during viral infection. In addition, non-infectious diseases such as tissue damage, stress, metabolic disorders, drugs, and even some physiological factors such as emotional agitation, strenuous exercise and other factors can also cause.
Hypersensitivity-C-reactive protein
Like white blood cells, it is an indicator of inflammation in the body. If it is higher than 20mg/L, it indicates that there is a possibility of bacterial infection, but it is also not a basis for confirming the diagnosis. For the analysis of these indicators, the doctor will combine the baby's medical history, clinical manifestations and other comprehensive analysis.
Lymphocytosis
Common in viral infections.
Eosinophilia
It may occur in cases of allergies, parasitic infections, etc.
Bean Miao Mama reminds:
You can't rely solely on the changes in the above indicators to decide whether you need antibiotics, you must combine clinical manifestations and medical history with comprehensive analysis! Follow your doctor's advice!
No.2
Erythrocyte-related indicators
Generally related to anemia, the specific situation is more complicated, we only popularize two indicators
Hemoglobin (HGB) and red blood cells (RBCs)
If the number of them decreases, it indicates that the child has anemia. The specific cause of anemia needs to be judged comprehensively based on clinical characteristics and other indicators.
For criteria for the degree of anemia, you can refer to the following criteria (excluding newborns):
No.3
Platelet-related indicators
Involved in blood clot formation and inflammation regulation:
Thrombocytosis: there are many influencing factors, such as physiological exercise, diet, etc., but also can be reactive such as acute infection, tumor, hemolysis, etc., specifically combined with symptom analysis.
Thrombocytopenia: suggests an increased risk of bleeding. If it is accompanied by bleeding gums, nosebleeds, body bruises, etc., you should seek medical attention in time.
The causes of thrombocytopenia are complex, and in addition to blood disorders, they can also be affected by infections, trauma, medications, immune disorders, nutritional disorders, and other diseases.
02 These little symbols originally meant this
Arrow: The arrow is up, indicating that the value is higher than the normal reference range; the arrow is down, indicating that the value is lower than the normal reference range
Plus and minus sign: Plus sign (+), test positive; minus sign (-), test negative
Asterisk ※: The inspection result is not clear, to be determined!
Numbers and plus signs (4+/3+/2+/1+): positive, 4+ indicates the highest degree of positivity, and 4+ to 1+ is gradually decreasing in positivity
The English letters H, L: synonymous with arrows, above or below the reference range
04
Pay attention to these small details
It's easier to see a doctor!
01 What to bring with the baby to see a doctor
Medicare cards, cash/bank cards, mobile phones, masks
Essential items for children to go out: water bottle, bottle milk powder, diapers, paper towels, etc
Spare fever reducer
Medical records, medical records and examination results during the course of the disease, and the existing drugs at home, it is best to make a list
02How to record your baby's condition before visiting the doctor
Data records: for example, for a few days with a fever, how much is the maximum body temperature; what anti-fever drugs are used, the time of medication, the dosage of the medication, and the change in body temperature after eating
Sequential records: Records in the order in which symptoms appear, such as fever and cough at the same time, whether to have a fever or cough first
Photos or video recordings: it is not easy to describe, just take pictures, such as the appearance of the poop, the medicine the child took and the state when he was sick
03 Communicate with the doctor, how to say more effectively?
One person says it is good: decide in advance who will communicate with the doctor, collect information with the family in advance on the road, and avoid talking nonsense and causing chaos when communicating.
Concise and clear: what symptoms, when they were found, how long they lasted, whether there was a history of allergies before, and where they were visited.
Provide objective information: as far as possible to provide objective information to the doctor, less subjective etiology judgment when communicating with the doctor, this can be handed over to a professional doctor.
Use data more: use less general words such as "probably", "long time", "always", and use data more, such as how many degrees of fever, cough several times, etc.
Remember the medication situation: what medicine was taken, and what changes after eating.
Trust and respect: Doctors are not easy, pediatricians are not easy, to believe in doctors, respect doctors, rational communication.
In fact, when the child is sick, the hardest thing is the parents, so adjust their state, less emotions, objective description, the child can be better and faster
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This article was reviewed and published by Wu Yuhui, chief physician of Shenzhen Children's Hospital.