The famous defense of Moscow in history refers to a general term for a series of important strategic wars in the Soviet-German War of World War II. The war began in October 1941 and lasted until January 1942. Today, Xiaobian will take you to see this famous defense war in history.
1. Typhoon battle plan
First of all, let me introduce the German "Typhoon" battle plan. At that time, the plan was mainly formulated in consultation between the German High Command and Bocque's Army Group Center. All plans were approved and approved by Hitler. The accuracy of the German intelligence apparatus in judging the Red Army units deployed directly in front of Moscow was extremely high.
At that time, the blog's task was to annihilate the Soviet army in front of it before attacking Moscow, and the basic plan of the German army was to use the Smolensk-Moscow line as a reference line in the center, and the soldiers were encircled in two ways. The two armies would meet at Viazma, about 80 miles behind the Red Army.
According to the Typhoon plan, the German Second Panzer Group Army began to attack in the direction of Bronsk, and the third and fourth panzer groups began to attack in the direction of Vyazma. Despite the stubborn resistance of the Red Army in the Soviet Union at that time, the German army still broke through the defenses of the Red Army.
So in late September 1941, the Germans seized control of Blasco. Then, on October 3, the increasingly courageous German army gradually captured many of the Soviet defenses, and soon reached the Mozhaisk Line.
The Mozhaysk line was Moscow's main resistance area close to the ground, so the Soviet high command at the time took various emergency measures to defend it. Because once the Mozhaysk defensive line is lost, then Moscow will face darkness. So on October 17, 1941, in order to improve the command of the army, Major General Zhukov was temporarily appointed commander.
After Zhukov was ordered, he began to work on the establishment of a new defensive line, and formed the second echelon and the reserve of the front army, and managed to draw 14 infantry divisions, 16 tank brigades and more than 40 artillery regiments, and quickly rebuilt the four armies of the 5th, 16th, 43rd, and 49th, but even then the strength of the army was only more than 90,000 people.
Second, the whole country has entered a state of readiness for war
In the face of the scarcity of national army personnel, the citizens of Moscow also stood up, and in just three days formed 25 workers' battalions, 120,000 militia divisions and 169 street fighting groups, so it can be seen that when the country faces the arrival of war, everyone must stand up and resist, because there is a country to have a home, and there is no country to have a home.
With the participation of these people, three more fortifications were built in the city of Moscow. To the shock of many, women make up three quarters of the total.
According to historical statistics, by the end of October, women and children alone had built 700 kilometers of anti-tank trenches, excavated more than 3 million cubic meters of mud, and built more than 3,800 temporary and fixed fire points. So the title of fighting nation, they deserve it.
On October 23, 1941, with the insistence of the Red Army soldiers of the Fiftieth Army of the Soviet Union and the Tula militia, the Germans were never able to break through the Tula line, which greatly extended the German right wing and prevented it from fighting with sufficient tactical density in the middle of the front. The campaign continued until the arrival of the October Revolution on November 7.
At that time, comrade Stalin made a famous speech at the military parade in order to improve the morale of the people and the army, Stalin said: "Our country is inviting an invasion, and all Soviet citizens and troops must use every drop of blood to defend the Soviet land and villages." ”
Stalin's speech greatly boosted the morale of the army and the citizens, so this military parade is of great significance. The Soviet Union demonstrated to the world its determination to fight to the end and its conviction that Moscow would be absolutely preserved. So the Soviet troops who had finished their inspection in front of the Kremlin went straight to the front.
Third, one of the factors in the defeat of the German army
It is also known that Russia was very cold after entering the winter, so later operations were often carried out on snowy days. Then this is a certain disadvantage for the German army, after all, compared with the Soviet army living in the cold area since childhood, the German army is unable to adapt.
And because the German front at that time was too long, so the supply of supplies could not be supplied, which also led to the German army often suffering from cold and starvation. Even the Germans' proudest tanks froze because of the low temperatures.
By November 29, 1941, the Germans were at the end of their ropes, and their offensives in all directions were halted by the Soviets. Zhukov then called Stalin to request an order to counterattack, and Stalin approved the decision that night.
So on 5 December, the Soviet 30th Army was the first to turn into a counter-offensive. The Germans at the end of the crossbow were forced to retreat in the direction of Kling.
Exhausted and unable to support the rear, the Germans were defeated in the ensuing battles. Suffering heavy losses from the Red Army, when the assault group attacking Moscow was completely defeated, the Germans became panicked and asked for retreat.
But Hitler did not agree, and still demanded that the German army remain dead, and that no one should retreat until the moment of death. In this way, in the case of single clothes and insufficient food, the number of casualties after the German attack on Moscow reached more than 500,000 people.
Compared with the 500,000 casualties of the German army, the Soviet Union also paid a very heavy price, when the Soviet Union suffered more than 700,000 casualties and captured, but the Soviet Union exchanged these people for the final victory in the defense of Moscow, in exchange for the peace of Moscow.
In fact, at that time, the Soviet Red Army would have such a large number of casualties because of the evacuation of some large factories in Moscow, which caused the Red Army to have a shortage of ammunition.
Therefore, Xiaobian believes that if the ammunition of the Soviet Red Army is under sufficient conditions, then driven by the favorable time and place, the casualties of the Soviet Red Army will not be so many, and more German troops can be annihilated.
The Battle of Moscow shattered Hitler's myth of the invincibility of the German army, the beginning of the demise of germany's Eastern Front, and the defense of Moscow also laid the foundation for the turning point of World War II.
The most important point of this battle for the Soviet Union was that it greatly enhanced the international status of the Soviet Union in terms of military and political aspects. It greatly encouraged the confidence of the Soviet people and the people of the whole world in the victory of the anti-fascist war, so it was also a very meaningful battle.
Reference: History of the Second World War