Introduction: China's culture is broad and profound, in terms of single paper words, history has undergone many changes and reforms, China's current Chinese characters have about 100,000 as many, including about 1,000 commonly used characters can cover about 92% of the written materials, 2,000 words can cover more than 98%, 3,000 words can reach 99%, there are many other rare words, foreign-shaped characters, phonetic meanings of unknown words, etc., Chinese culture has thousands of years of heritage, Therefore, the Chinese language is also called one of the most difficult languages in the world to learn.
From ancient times to the present, China has always been a country of etiquette, and attaches great importance to etiquette and upbringing. There is no insurmountable between kings and subjects, and there is no insurmountable between father and son. In the lives of the ancients, these etiquettes and upbringing have reached the extreme and can be reflected in all aspects of their lives. So the ancients have always been very careful to avoid it, and sometimes their thinking will feel a little pedantic, but it is also true.
For example, the famous poet "Li He" of the Tang Dynasty, his poetry is fantastical, extremely creative and rich imagination, so Li He is also called "poetry ghost", even if it is such a talented poet, he can not overcome this gap, according to the records of the Song people: Li Hetangtang great poet should not be depressed because he cannot enter the shi.
In fact, according to his talent, it is not difficult to be admitted to the Jinshi as an official, the difficulty is that he committed his father's evasion, his father Li Jinsu's name has a "Jin" word, which is homophonous with the "Jin" of jinshi, Li He is afraid of violating his father's taboo, so he has not acted, his good friend Han Yu has written many times to persuade Li He to take the jinshi, but Li He is also because his father has shelved the plan, saying that this is filial piety, or pedantic? The thinking of the ancients is indeed strange at times.
During the Ming Dynasty, the monarch's feudal rule means became more and more strengthened, and the people and officials should also pay attention to avoiding secrets, especially paying attention to the avoidance of royal names, and Zhu Yuanzhang's son Xu Da's son, Xu Huizu, that is, Zhu Di's brother-in-law, his father who followed Zhu Yuanzhang in the southern expedition to the north can be described as a great achievement, even so, it is still more important to pay attention to avoiding secrets. Xu Huizu's original name was Xu Yungong, and the name Yungong implies that wenya and deference are definitely much more comfortable than the word Huizu sounds, and there is also a model of elegance. However, the zhu family's crown prince "Zhu Yunjiao" was born, helplessly a "Yun" word violated the evasion of this newly born doll, who let the family be the prince, Xu Yungong had to change his name to Xu Huizu.
In fact, the biggest avoidance of the Ming Dynasty is the national surname of the Ming Dynasty, that is, the surname of the Ming Emperors "Zhu", the Word Zhu was first seen in the oracle bones, at the beginning it referred to a kind of red heart tree, the so-called "Red Heart Zhumu", Zhu generally refers to the meaning of big red, and later extended to cinnabar and other items. The surname "Zhu" was so honorable in the Ming Dynasty that it was absolutely not allowed to have anyone, or an object, who violated the taboo of the royal surname.
So what do we wonder about, when people in ancient times wanted to eat pork, what should they say? You must know that pigs can be homophonous with the Zhu character, and if you commit a taboo, you will be punished, and it is impossible to kill the pig when eating pork and killing the pig, we directly shout to kill the "pig", kill the "Zhu", then this is heard by the people with hearts. In fact, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, had already considered this problem for the people, and it was too unrealistic not to let the people of the whole country not eat pork because of a word, so he thought of a way to change the pig word to the word "豕" or the word "彘", and 豕 represented the pig, and the word 彘 represented the sow.
The ancients avoided the matter of the royal family's name, and it is also recorded in the "Law of daming", "Whoever writes a book, if he mistakenly violates the royal name and the temple, he will have eighty rods." Those who mistakenly violate the remaining documents, flogging. If it is a name offender, a hundred rods. Those who commit royal names and temple secrets, whose voices are similar, whose words are individual, and who have two words to stop committing a crime, shall not sit in sin. That is to say, when there is a complaint in the book, it is a mistake to avoid hitting eighty sticks, and if you directly commit the crime of avoiding the royal name by beating a hundred sticks, committing the royal temple taboo, or committing a crime of the middle of the two words of the royal name, a different harmony and the same word will not be asked.
From this point of view, under the feudal rule of the ancient monarchs, people had no freedom to speak. The common people are forgivable for fear of committing these taboos, not pedantic, but just afraid. After all, the rulers are "high up", and they must be distinguished from the common people in order to appear more noble and inviolable.