| Planner/Editor: Ya Yun Editor:Yellow&Cici
Review: Li Yun
When it comes to botulinum toxin, what comes to mind first?
I believe that most students appear in their minds, it is its title of "wrinkle removal master" and "slimming master" in the medical aesthetic and anti-aging circles.
But did you know that botulinum toxin is actually the most toxic and lethal substance known to be a microbial toxin?
Don't panic, don't panic! If this "poison" is used properly, it can not only be cosmetic and anti-aging, but also become an effective treatment method for a variety of diseases throughout the body, and the "murder weapon" will become an "artifact" in seconds.
Today we're going to talk about it and pick up botulinum toxin that you don't know about.
Discovery of botulinum toxin
In 1895, during a food poisoning incident, the Belgian Ermengem discovered Botox, and it began to be used in poisons.
Later, it was found that Clostridium botulinum produces a neurotoxin protein - botulinum toxin during the reproduction process.
It can block the transmission of excitation by blocking the release of acetylcholine at the nerve and muscle junctions, causing muscle relaxation paralysis (simply to interfere with signaling between nerves and muscles).
Botulinum toxin began to be used in medical medicines.
Botulinum toxin was initially used primarily for the treatment of ocular muscle spasms until 1987, when a patient was treated with Dr. Jean Carruthers, a Canadian ophthalmologist, found that with each injection of botulinum toxin, wrinkles on the forehead between the eyebrows improved.
Since then, botulinum toxin has gradually been applied to medical beauty.
Applications in the field of medical beauty
Medical aesthetics is currently one of the most widely used areas of botulinum toxin, and most people also know it through medical aesthetics.
What we usually call "slimming needles" and "slimming leg needles" are actually injected with botulinum toxin to relax and atrophy muscles.
In addition to improving muscle hypertrophy, botulinum toxin can also improve dynamic wrinkles (head wrinkles, nasolabial wrinkles, etc.) and is one of the ways to treat facial rejuvenation.
Treatment of skin problems
With the continuous improvement and expansion of the study of the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin, botulinum toxin can be used in more and more extensive directions, and it will be used in the treatment of many skin problems.
Keloids
Studies have confirmed that botulinum toxin can be widely used in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids by inhibiting fibroblasts in scar tissue, promoting collagen fiber degradation in scar tissue, reducing the activity of transforming growth factor β and tissue tension around the wound, thereby promoting scar resolution, reducing scar itching and pain, and preventing scar recurrence.
Flushing of the face
Because acetylcholine dilates blood vessels in the skin, and botulinum toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine from peripheral nerves, it can improve and prevent the occurrence of erythema and flushing to some extent.
Hyperhidrosis
The transmitters of sweat glands and salivary gland nerves are acetylcholine, and botulinum toxin injection can prevent the release of acetylcholine, thereby temporarily reducing the production of sweat, and a treatment can maintain the effect for about 6 months.
Although it requires repeated injections, botulinum toxin injections are more effective and less dangerous than sympathetic neurotomy, so they are still first-line therapy.
Axillary odor
Abnormal secretion of large sweat glands is the root cause of axillary odor. Botulinum toxin selectively acts on the cholinergic nerve, which can reduce the abnormal secretion of the sweat glands. However, due to the short duration of botulinum toxin, it can be used as one of the more minimally invasive treatments in addition to conventional surgical treatment.
Applications in other clinical areas
In addition to dermatology, botulinum toxin is also having great application value in neurology, rehabilitation, urology, ophthalmology and other fields.
ophthalmology
Blevusm and strabismus can be minimally invasively treated with botulinum toxin and are less invasive than surgical correction.
However, this is only a conservative treatment that temporarily relieves symptoms, cannot cure the disease, and is prone to adverse reactions such as droopy eyelids and diplopia.
Rehabilitation
Botulinum toxin injections are also effective for some dysfunctional disorders caused by muscle or gland disorders.
Neurology
Neuropathic pain is pain caused by direct damage or dysfunction of the peripheral or central nervous system.
Studies have shown that botulinum toxin can indirectly affect central sensitization by inhibiting the release of peripheral neurotransmitters, while reducing the self-discharge of spinal cord dorsal horn neurons, thereby exerting analgesic effects.
other
Botulinum toxin can also be used in the treatment of clinical diseases such as constipation, fissure, spray door achasia, urinary incontinence, chronic migraine, chronic low back pain, stroke, traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy.
In general, the application and research of botulinum toxin in various fields has brought more treatment methods to countless beauty lovers and patients who are troubled by various diseases.
It is believed that with the continuous exploration in the future, the application prospects of botulinum toxin will be broader.
Click to watch + share, so that more people know it.
Everyone still has any interest in the drug, welcome to leave a message to tell me ~
〔Reference〕
[1] ZHANG Furong,LUO Huafei,ZHANG Chenghao,ZHU Zhuangzhi,WANG Hao. Clinical application and dosage form research progress of botulinum toxin[J]. World Clinical Drugs,2016,37(04):283-288.
[2] Li Nan,Li Wei,Wang Tao,Yin Shuang,Chen Weihua. Progress in the application direction of botulinum toxin type A[J]. China Clinical Research,2020,33(12):1723-1725.
Cui Zelong,Zhang Xuemei. Research progress of botulinum toxin type A in scar treatment[J]. Chinese Journal of Burn Trauma,2020,32(04):295-297.
Jiang Yerong,Huo Ran. Clinical research progress of botulinum toxin type A[J]. Chinese Journal of Damage and Repair (Electronic Edition), 2017, 12(04): 298-302.