Welcome to Epic Epic No. 851. When it comes to the former Soviet Union, a close neighbor, some friends can look at it on two sides, and some people also think that this country's hegemonism is serious, and in fact it is the country that bullies China the most fiercely. In any case, at least in the 1950s, the Soviet Union did give China important aid. In particular, in terms of heavy industry technology and enterprise construction (156 Project), it is not too much to say that the foundation of new Chinese industry has been laid. There was no actual charge for these aides to the Soviet Union (the cost of paper for copying technical drawings did not count), and if the value of these things were to be measured in monetary terms, no one could really give an accurate price. This is not only a matter of money, but also related to the stability and development of the country, and its role and influence are extremely enormous. So why did the Soviet Union vigorously support the construction of New China? There were three key reasons at the time that the Soviet Union had to do this.
The first reason was the need for defense, and the Soviet Union was in dire need of reliable Far Eastern allies. The Soviet Union was already a world military power in the 1950s, but it was not the number one power, and the more it became, the more dangerous it became: it seemed powerful, but it was clearly hostile to the United States and other Western countries. The Soviet Union has a vast territory of more than 20 million square kilometers, the core of which is the European part, and the control of the Far East is relatively thin, and if the surrounding environment in Asia is not safe, Moscow cannot be at ease. There was an urgent need for a strong Asian nation as an ally. Needless to say, although North Korea has been following in moscow's footsteps, after all, it is only a small East Asian country, and once there is a situation, it is difficult to protect itself, and it cannot become a real Far East barrier of the Soviet Union, at best it is just a buffer belt. As for Japan and South Korea, they are already bases for the United States, and only China is the most powerful partner. The Soviet Union said that it would give this precious ally corresponding support and help to maintain this important relationship.
The second reason is that the Chinese army was too strong in the Korean War, and objectively and rapidly increased the importance that the Soviet Union attached to China. If the Soviet side wants to consolidate the eastern defensive line, it naturally needs the military strength of its allies. Although China has many people and a large army, no one could give an accurate assessment of what level of military strength it was before 1950. In the War of Liberation, our army fought very smoothly, and in the end it won more with less (1.2 million vs. 4.3 million), but how the combat effectiveness of the Kuomintang army in the world is, it lacks a ruler as a basis. In 1950, the volunteer army entered North Korea, and in the early days there was no Soviet weapons support, and the air force was zero. However, our army's brave style of work and the way of playing in the form of movement encirclement have also proved to be useful in front of the US military, and our army's combat strength has been displayed worldwide for the first time. By the end of the '53 War, the U.S. military was forced to draw the line at 38 degrees. This achievement surprised the Soviets, believing that they had found a strong teammate in the East, and then made up their minds to support the construction of China, and experts and technology poured into the northeast.
The third reason is ideological fit. Don't always see two countries as a relationship of mutual use, especially China and the Soviet Union, which were not completely separated in the 1950s. Since learning the soviet system and culture in the 1920s and the establishment of the Whampoa School in 1924, we have had close ties with this northern neighbor, and the Soviet Union's help to China did not begin in the 50s, and even the weapons of the Nationalist army in the middle of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression were based on Soviet equipment as the leader, and later replaced by American goods. The social systems of New China and the Soviet Union are the same, and they have so many origins in modern times, and they are generally friendly countries, and socialism itself emphasizes mutual help and mutual assistance. Especially in the context of the Cold War, it is very normal for the two major socialist countries in the East to embrace each other. For these three important reasons, the Soviet Union was willing to vigorously support china's industrial construction at that time.