In June 1948, in order to create a fighter to capture Taiyuan, Xu Qianqian mobilized 47 regiments with a total of more than 60,000 troops to launch the Jinzhong Campaign.
When the soldiers of the People's Liberation Army launched a charge, they suddenly saw a Japanese flag on the battlefield! The soldiers fixed their eyes on it, and there was even a Japanese army neatly arranged under the banner of the Japanese army!
This shocked the soldiers, but at the same time aroused the infinite anger of the People's Liberation Army, Japan has surrendered for three years, why are there still Japanese soldiers appearing in Chinese territory?
This has caused the generals of our army to wonder, where did this Japanese army come from? And who gave cover to this Japanese army? And what is the purpose of this Japanese army to remain in China?
All this troubles the PLA soldiers, so let's take a deeper look at the story behind this history and understand the crimes of Yan Xishan's reactionary warlords.
Pla
On August 15, 1945, the Emperor of Japan announced his acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation, formally surrendering unconditionally to the Allies, and The Second World War was declared over.
After Japan announced its surrender, the Nationalist government represented by Chiang Kai-shek immediately seized various important places and also requested the US military to use transport aircraft to urgently send the millions of elites who had been hoarded in the rear during the war to the occupied areas.
At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek also publicly issued a telegram inviting the leaders of our Party to Chongqing to attend the so-called Political Consultative Conference to jointly discuss the possibility of peaceful nation-building.
In the face of Chiang Kai-shek's idea of "fake peace and real civil war," the chairman was not afraid at all, accepted Chiang Kai-shek's invitation, and personally led Zhou Enlai and other leaders of the party Central Committee to Chongqing to hold talks with Chiang Kai-shek.
Although the results of this talk were not great, they still have great historical significance, and the talks have also brought a glimmer of hope for peace to the people of the whole country.
Soon, however, Chiang Kai-shek took the initiative to tear up the agreements that had been signed, gathered heavy troops and launched a large-scale attack on the Liberated Areas of the Central Plains, and the War of Liberation officially broke out.
In the early stage of the War of Liberation, because of the strength of the Kuomintang army, our army was forced to be on the defensive, and in the face of one attack after another by the Chiang Kai-shek clique, the People's Liberation Army, under the command of the Party Central Committee, carried out flexible and changeable tactics.
In the movement, a large number of living forces of the enemy army were annihilated, forcing the enemy to retreat, and smashing every offensive launched by the Kuomintang army.
Still
In 1947, in accordance with the instructions of the Party Central Committee, Liu Deng's army advanced thousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains and introduced the war from the Liberated Areas to the Kuomintang Area, which also sounded the clarion call of the strategic counteroffensive.
In 1948, Marshal Xu Qianqian commanded the troops of the North China Military Region and the Jinsui Military Region, and successively launched the Northern Jin Campaign, the Wenxia Campaign, the Linfu Campaign, etc., annihilating more than 50,000 people in Yan Xishan, successfully recovering a large number of county seats, and crushing the attempt of Yan Xishan and Hu Zongnan to join forces in Jinnan.
After recovering the southern Jin region, Xu Xiangqian turned his attention to the Jinzhong region, which was the largest supply area for Yan Xishan's military food, and if our army could occupy Jinzhong, then it would not only be able to stage the logistical supply of Yan Xishan, but also directly threaten Yan Xishan's old lair, Taiyuan.
Therefore, Marshal Xu Qianqian submitted to the Party Central Committee a battle plan aimed at conquering Jinzhong and threatening Taiyuan, and prepared to gather a total of more than 60,000 troops from 47 regiments to take the initiative to launch the Jinzhong Campaign.
After receiving the battle plan submitted by Xu Xiangqian, the Party Central Committee was also shocked by Xu Xiangqian's boldness, and Chairman Mao praised it one after another, "Xu Xiangqian is so bold, half less than the enemy, and he has to eat four to six divisions of the enemy!" If this is won, Shanxi will all live. ”
From here, we can also see the importance of the Jinzhong Campaign for the liberation of the whole of Shanxi, so Marshal Xu Qianqian was also extremely attentive to this.
So what was Yan Xishan doing at this time? How did he deal with Xu Xiangqian's offensive? Let's go on.
Our
After Xu Xiangqian formulated the battle plan for the Jinzhong Campaign, Yan Xishan was also aware of it long ago, and he judged that after our army occupied the southern Jin region, the next target must be the granary of Jinzhong.
Therefore, Yan Xishan gathered the main force of the Jin Sui Army, the "Pro-Trainer", and stationed it in the Jinzhong area, and Yan Xishan ordered the Jin Sui Army to go all out to defend Jinzhong and ensure that Jinzhong was not lost.
At the same time, Yan Xishan also dispatched a secret force to assist the pro-trainers in defending Jinzhong and blocking the pace of our army.
After the Battle of Jinzhong began, our army, under the command of Marshal Xu Qianqian, launched an all-out attack on the Jin Sui Army, trying to annihilate the main force of Yan Xishan and liberate the Jinzhong region in the shortest possible time.
But just after our army launched its charge, the soldiers on the front line suddenly saw a flag on the battlefield, or rather, a Japanese flag!
After the soldiers saw this flag, they were still stunned in their hearts, how could there be a Japanese military flag? Isn't the enemy Yan Xishan? How can there be Japanese devils?
After being stunned for a while, the soldiers on the front line fixed their eyes on a closer look, which shocked the soldiers even more, because at this time, it was really not the Jin Sui Army that was fighting with themselves, but a Japanese army!
The soldiers on the front line immediately reported this news to their superiors, and soon Xu Xiangqian also got the news, which also made Xu Xiangqian feel extremely confused, where did this Japanese army come from?
Japanese army
So where did this Japanese army that appeared on the battlefield of Jinzhong come from? All this must start from the period when the Japanese army was defeated and surrendered.
After the Japanese army launched a full-scale invasion of China, the Japanese Army's 1st Army was ordered to capture Shanxi, so the 1st Army and Yan Xishan launched a fierce battle.
However, Yan Xishan, this person, is a typical warlord, not willing to fight with the Japanese army desperately, the so-called in order to avoid the consumption of their own strength, Yan Xishan and the 1st Army Headquarters secretly communicated.
At this time, the War of Resistance had entered a stalemate, and the Base Camp in Tokyo, Japan, also realized that the war would not end in the short term.
Therefore, it changed its previous China policy and demanded that the Japanese army invading China send an army headquarters to adopt more "Huairou" means to divide the anti-Japanese armed forces.
The local warlord Yan Xishan, who had occupied Shanxi for more than ten years, became one of the most important targets of the Japanese army, so the 1st Army secretly sent a large number of spies to lurk in yan xishan's Jin Sui army and launch a lure operation against Yan Xishan.
The Japanese army also named this operation "Operation against Bo", Yan Xishan's epithet "Bo Chuan", so everyone knows who the target of the Japanese army's operation is, and Yan Xishan is also confused about this, and has close private contacts with the Japanese.
The Japanese spy in charge of liaison with Yan Xishan, named Kawamoto Daisaku, created a company called "Shanxi Industrial Co., Ltd." and controlled the economic lifeblood of shanxi.
He often used the name of "commercial cooperation" to openly travel between Yan Xishan and the 1st Army, and Yan Xishan also maintained close economic ties with the Japanese army.
Time flies, in the blink of an eye, the eight-year War of Resistance is coming to an end, and Japan is also facing the end of defeat and surrender, so the top brass of the 1st Army began to think of ways in this period, hoping to escape the post-war liquidation.
They knew that after Japan's defeat, ordinary soldiers would escape reckoning, but as high-ranking generals, they would definitely be tried by the Allies.
And they understand even more that their sins are so deep and so numerous that if they are tried, they are bound to be sentenced to death, at least for a lifetime.
So they also began to panic, and when they thought about it, they thought of Yan Xishan, who kept a close relationship with themselves, hoping that he could help themselves escape this disaster.
So they got in touch with Yan Xishan through Kawamoto Daisaku and told Yan Xishan that they could help Yan Xishan control Shanxi, and even more so they could help Yan Xishan fight against the Communists, but the condition was to save their own lives.
At this time, after many years of war, Yan Xishan's direct control of the Jin Sui army was not much, about 100,000 people, and the combat effectiveness of the troops was low.
Although he saw that the War of Resistance was about to be won, Yan Xishan's heart was not comfortable, because he had always regarded Shanxi as his own territory and resolutely did not allow anyone to interfere.
In the early years, Chiang Kai-shek wanted to send people to Shanxi, but after some covert operations in Yan Xishan, all the people sent to the past were "unaccounted for", which also made Chiang Kai-shek temporarily suspend the action.
Yan Xishan
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Yan Xishan was defeated in successive battles, and most of Shanxi was occupied by the Japanese army, and even Taiyuan, the old nest of Yan Xishan, became the headquarters of the 1st Army.
Therefore, Yan Xishan's forces suffered heavy losses in Shanxi, and it was at this time that the base areas behind enemy lines under the leadership of our party developed vigorously and opened up a large number of guerrilla areas.
Therefore, when the War of Resistance Was coming to an end, in the Shanxi region, our Party occupied most of the areas, which also caused Great Dissatisfaction in Yan Xishan.
However, after all, Yan Xishan's troops were weak, and his combat effectiveness was not as good as our army's, so how could he occupy the whole of Shanxi as much as possible?
After some thought, Yan Xishan naturally turned his attention to the 1st Army, so when the 1st Army sent people to meet with Yan Xishan, Yan Xishan was also very happy.
The meeting between the two sides was very harmonious, and Yan Xishan not only agreed to all the conditions proposed by Kawamoto Daisaku, but also yan Xishan's "appetite" also frightened the 1st Army.
At this time, the 1st Army still maintained more than 59,000 people in Shanxi, although they were all B divisions, but the combat effectiveness and firepower were still not available to the Jin Sui Army and our army at that time.
Yan Xishan proposed that the entire Japanese 1st Army be accepted and reorganized, "storing Japanese force in China", and it was obvious that Yan Xishan's proposal frightened the entire 1st Army high command.
Don't you Yan Xishan understand political influence? Absorbing the entire 1st Army? Even if we agree, countries such as Britain and the United States will not agree.
The Japanese army explicitly refused Yan Xishan's request, and Yan Xishan had to retreat to the second place, asking the 1st Army to retain the elite backbone, for which the Japanese army agreed.
Therefore, after the end of the war, the top brass of the 1st Army continued to brainwash ordinary Japanese soldiers on the grounds of "loyalty to the emperor and use Shanxi as a counter-offensive base".
Under this flurry, about 7,000 Japanese soldiers expressed "willingness to continue to serve the emperor", and Later Yan Xishan incorporated this unit according to the previous agreement.
Not only did no war crimes be pursued, but it also said that all the staff were promoted two levels, and all soldiers enjoyed the treatment of officers, while this unit was under the command of Kawamoto Dai.
Later, in order to hide his eyes and ears, Yan Xishan consulted with Kawamoto Daisaku and decided to take in the Japanese army in the name of "volunteer remnants", and also called it "Railway Guard Corps".
Internationally, Yan Xishan claimed that this force was formed by Japanese expatriates, so even if the war was over, he had no right to expel Japanese expatriates.
However, even so, the size of this force was still too large, so in another discussion between Yan Xishan and Kawamoto Daisaku, it was decided to continue to reduce the size of the troops and retain the elite.
In fact, after Japan declared defeat, the morale of the Japanese army that remained was relatively low, and most soldiers wanted to return to Japan and reunite with their relatives.
So after another streamlining, by May 1946, there were only 2,200 men left, divided into six brigades with a strength of 300 men, a communications team of more than 100 men, and a engineering team of more than 150 men.
Subsequently, this unit was incorporated into the General Headquarters of Security by Yan Xishan, and the external number was the Tenth General Headquarters of the Security Corps, which was called this number because it was previously a part of the Jin Sui Army, and was later annihilated by the People's Liberation Army.
The number and organization were vacant, and Yan Xishan gave this number to the Japanese army with a big wave of his hand, and the leader of the Tenth General Brigade was served by the Japanese army Ōsa Imamura Fangce.
After the formal establishment of the Tenth General Brigade, Yan Xishan ordered the Japanese army to help train the Jin Sui Army, and also asked the Japanese army to obey its own orders at any time and go to the battlefield to fight with our army.
It is true that after training, some of the Jin Sui Army's combat effectiveness has been greatly improved, and under the guidance of the Japanese army, the Jin Sui Army's ability to build fortifications has also been improved.
Yan Xishan also adopted the suggestion of the Japanese army and established a professional organization such as the Bunker Design Bureau, and the bunkers built were extremely strong, and could even resist the direct bombardment of field artillery!
After the beginning of the Liberation War, whenever the Jin Sui Army was defeated and crisis, Yan Xishan would order the Japanese army to come to support, so this Japanese army still committed heinous crimes in China even after The defeat of Japan.
Before Xu Xiangqian planned the Battle of Jinzhong, he had no idea that there was even a Japanese army here in Yan Xishan, so when Xu Xiangqian received a report from the front, he was shocked and angry, and ordered the resolute elimination of this Japanese force.
At this time, the front-line commander of the Japanese Tenth General Brigade was named Yuan Quanxin, who was originally the commander of the independent 14th Brigade of the Japanese Army invading China, and in order to escape the trial, he actively responded to the call to stay behind and stayed under Yan Xishan.
Kuomintang Army
After the outbreak of the Battle of Jinzhong, Yan Xishan's main force was in danger of total annihilation, so Yan Xishan asked the Japanese Tenth General Brigade to come to reinforcements to break the siege.
At this moment, Yan Xishan's field troops, with the Tenth General Brigade as the core, were gathered together to form a field group with a huge number of troops, and it was difficult for our army to annihilate them in one fell swoop.
Therefore, Xu Xiangqian continued to use the old method, attacking from the east to the west to divide the main force of the enemy army, and seeking the opportunity to annihilate the enemy army in the movement.
Xu Xiangqian commanded the main force of the Lüliang Military Region to move north, open a second battlefield in the Yuci area, threaten the enemy's flanks, and lure the enemy to attack.
The reinforcements, finding that their rear road had been cut off, urgently ordered the Tenth General Brigade to attack in an attempt to reopen the retreat route.
This was also as Expected by Marshal Xu Qianqian, so he ordered his troops to be stubborn and never let the enemy achieve their goals.
Under the stubborn resistance of our army, the enemy army failed to break through Yuci for two consecutive days, and also defeated the four regiments sent by Yan Xishan to meet them on the periphery, completely cutting off the road from Taiyuan to Fenyang.
In this way, the two main forces of Yan Xishan and the Tenth General Brigade of the Japanese Army were surrounded by our regiments and regiments, gathered in the area of Dachang Town, and there was a possibility of being annihilated by our army at any time.
However, at this time, because our army was fighting continuously, the troops were extremely depleted, not only was there a shortage of food, ammunition and other materials, but even the soldiers could not be replenished, and some companies even had only more than twenty people left!
Therefore, on July 8, Xu Xiangqian wrote in a telegram to the Central Military Commission, "The company is extremely incomplete, and the main force of the 8th Column has a maximum of 66 combatants per company and a small number of 27." ”
Therefore, Xu Qianqian urgently asked the Central Military Commission for help, hoping that the Central Military Commission could first approve the local conscription of our army, and the second was to mobilize nearby friendly troops to replenish.
After receiving Xu Xiangqian's telegram, the Central Military Commission also approved Xu Xiangqian's proposal, and at the same time urgently ordered nearby troops to come to reinforcements.
At this time, the Jinzhong Campaign has also reached the most critical juncture, the enemy army is already at the end of the crossbow, the two sides are now fighting for a breath, whoever lets go of this breath first, who will lose.
Xu Xiangqian was also aware of this situation, so he issued a strict order again, "It is necessary to fight, and if you have opinions, you can mention it after the battle, and you can eat and sleep when you do a good job." In short, there is a rule, the enemy is not allowed to break through, and whoever lets the enemy run away will ask who is asking! ”
Under Xu Xiangqian's strict orders, although the warriors had approached the limit of the human body, they were still gritting their teeth and insisting, and did not dare to relax their vigilance at any time.
On July 10, Xu issued a general offensive order to Marshal Qianqian, and the soldiers launched a fierce attack on the enemy's outer front, and the enemy army immediately launched a counterattack, and began to compete with our army village by village.
Battle of Jinzhong
The battle was extremely brutal, the enemy was clinging to every position, and every step our army took, it had to pay a huge casualty price.
After three days of bloody fighting, our army finally conquered the outer front and compressed the enemy into the village, and the enemy had to withdraw to the headquarters, trapped within a range of five kilometers, and relied on airdrops every day to maintain supplies.
At this time, Yuan Quanxin, who was serving as deputy commander-in-chief, had long been not satisfied with the ambition when he went out on the expedition, and in just half a month, more than half of the casualties of the Tenth General Brigade, and the many breakthrough operations launched by Yuan Quanxin all ended in failure.
After trapping the headquarters, Yuan Quanxin sighed every day with the commander-in-chief Zhao Chengshou, fantasizing that there was a support army that could save himself like a "divine soldier descending from heaven".
On July 16, the last siege began, and our army launched a more fierce offensive against the last position of the enemy.
After seeing the Japanese soldiers, the soldiers killed the red eyes one by one, frantically launched an attack on the Japanese army, and under the offensive of our army, the courtyards held by the enemy army were taken down one by one.
Zhao Chengshou, Yuan Quanxin, and the staff officers of the headquarters were forced to move to another courtyard to avoid artillery fire, but the arrogant YuanQuanxin resolutely did not agree to enter the bunker, still walking back and forth in the courtyard, while thinking about the possibility of a breakthrough.
At this moment, a cannonball landed on Yuan Quanxin's side, and Yuan Quanxin fell to the ground with a bang and was seriously injured, seeing that he could not break through.
Therefore, Yuanquan Xin ordered the staff officer Mizuno Tatsumi to end himself, and with a gunshot, Yuan Quanxin, a militarist, completely closed his eyes, and after Yuanquan Xin's death, the staff officer also committed suicide.
Yuan Quanxin's suicide made the enemy's will to resist even more depressed, and Zhao Chengshou did not want to die, so after believing that there was no way to escape, he ordered to stop the resistance and raise the flag to surrender.
Since then, the Tenth General Corps of the Japanese Army has been completely annihilated, and the Battle of Jinzhong has also won a complete victory, and a total of sixteen generals and officers under Zhao Chengshou, commander-in-chief of the Shanxi Field Army of the Kuomintang Army, and his subordinates have been captured.
Summing up the Battle of Jinzhong, the most arduous battle was the battle that cleared and suppressed the Tenth General Brigade of the Japanese Army.
The Japanese army is already quite effective, and the remnants of the Japanese army carefully selected by Kawamoto are even more die-hard elements, which have caused considerable trouble to the People's Liberation Army in the course of combat, and many Japanese troops have retained the characteristics of the early stage and preferring to die rather than surrender.
Therefore, after realizing that the encirclement and annihilation of the Tenth General Brigade was an uphill battle in the Battle of Jinzhong, Xu Xiangqian also transferred the most effective units under his command: the Linfen Brigade and the Pi Brigade.
The Japanese defensive positions were well organized, and the PLA had to fight hard for the courtyards, but no one flinched.
The cadres led the charge, and the infantry formed commandos and engaged the Japanese in house-to-house battles, which were more difficult than street battles.
It is no longer only a contest of guns and artillery, but also a test of the will to fight on both sides, and many times there have been short encounters, fierce white-knife battles have risen and fallen, and many comrades have fallen under the bayonets of Japanese soldiers.
According to the recollections of Wang Chenghan, then commander of the 1st Regiment of the Pi Brigade, in the battle to annihilate the remnants of the tenth general brigade in Dachang Town, the brigade paid a heavy price of 127 casualties in Zhangming Village alone.
Among them, Wang Chenghan's regiment suffered the largest casualties, reaching as many as 745 people, and more than 1,100 enemy were annihilated in this battle, which became a rout battle with equal gains and losses.
The defeat of the Tenth General Brigade also destroyed the fighting spirit of all the units of the besieged Yan Army, and in the Battle of Jinzhong, the North China Field Corps was under unfavorable conditions that the strength of the troops was not as large as that of the enemy and the equipment was not as good as that of the enemy.
With the mobile and flexible tactics of mobile warfare, within a month, whales swallowed 100,000 enemy troops and captured 16 generals, which became a classic example of a mobile war in which less wins more.
On July 19, the Central Committee and Chairman Mao Zedong sent a telegram congratulating the Jinzhong Campaign on "achieving such brilliant results, which has greatly helped the whole war situation." ”
After the Battle of Jinzhong, the Tenth General Brigade was severely damaged, with less than 500 remnants, reorganized into an artillery regiment, and finally completely annihilated in the Battle of Taiyuan.
As for their leader, Motozumi Shin had died in the Battle of Jinzhong, Imamura Katatsuke had been poisoned after being captured in Taiyuan, and Kawamoto Daisaku had been imprisoned as a war criminal after being captured, and died of illness in the War Criminals Management Center in August 1955.
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