In the middle and late periods of dynastic rule, there will be the phenomenon of the descendants of the clan multiplying and sitting on the mountain and eating the sky. Although the Qing Dynasty did not take nearly half of the national treasury revenue to the children of the Qing Dynasty, as in the Ming Dynasty, on the whole, the economic burden of the state was still very heavy.
The Qing Dynasty clan room mentioned here specifically refers to the clan room without title, which is mainly divided into the idle clan room and the sipin clan room. Some people may not be clear about the two concepts of the idle sect room and the four pin sect room. In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong, all the descendants of Kangxi and Yongzheng who had reached the age of 20 were given four pins of top wear and four pins of martial arts supplementary clothing, which were called the Four Pin Sect Room; the rest of the descendants who died before the age of 20, or who were not of the Kangxi Emperor's lineage, were called idle clan rooms.
So, how many people are there in the Idle Sect Room and the Sipin Sect Room? According to the records in the late Qing Dynasty", the number of people in the Sipin Sect room was 15,147, and the number of idle clans was 19,930. Although these clan members did not have titles, after all, they were descendants of ai Xinjue Luoshi, so their treatment was much better than that of ordinary flag people.
Because of their false titles, the Sipin Clan Can Receive Feng Lu according to their rank, and because they are imperial, they also enjoy all the treatment of the idle Clan Room in addition to the grade Feng Lu. To sum up, there are roughly the following two aspects of economic sources:
First, the part of the salary
The clan received the salary from the Kangxi Dynasty for ten years, and gave the idle clan Yun riding lieutenant rank Feng Lu. In March of the forty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty, he stopped giving the idle clan room Yun riding lieutenant rank Feng Lu, and gave food and grain according to the armor, that is, the idle clan room turned 20 years old, and paid three or two per month, and gave 45 yuan of rice every year.
In the eleventh year of Qianlong, the Qianlong Emperor was considerate of the multi-child family of the clan, and only one piece of money and grain was not enough to support the family, and the sons of the clan who had reached the age of 10 from the first month of the following year were given silver two or two. After the Opium War, the imperial court was financially constrained, and in the twenty-third year of Daoguang, it was decided that all the clansmen would be given silver two or two when they reached the age of 15.
From the above historical data, it can be found that the Kangxi Dynasty gave the rank of Emperor Yun in the tenth year and the rank of Qilu, which should be 85 taels of silver and 42 stones per year. By the forty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the people who wore armor were given a year of 36 taels of silver and 22 stones of rice. As a result, the income from clan salaries has been reduced by more than half.
Kangxi probably did this in order to avoid the burden of state finances caused by the rapid reproduction of the clan population. And because of the large number of clan families, the Qianlong Emperor issued two or two silver per month to the clan who was over 10 years old. Until the Daoguang Dynasty changed to the age of 15, the clan was given two or two silver, which was also a stopgap measure for financial shortages.
However, the recipients of the money and grain issued by the Zongren Government were either the Sipin Clan or the Idle Clan, and were limited to living in Beijing and Shengjing. If someone follows his father to a foreign official position, the money and food he eats are cancelled.
Second, the reward is silver
In fact, the salaries of the members of the clan were not the main source of income, but mainly from the emperor's rewards. In the Qing Dynasty, the favor of the imperial family was almost omnipotent, and whenever there was a red and white happy event, that is, marrying a wife, hiring a daughter, or dying, the imperial court would give a certain amount of silver.
In the fifty-fifth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the wedding of the clan room was given silver 120 taels, and the funeral was given 120 silver taels, and the zongrenfu passed the verification, as long as the applicant's name and birth year were correct, it would be issued.
The scope of the reward is mainly based on the clan room, and if the clan room is also a first product, a second product minister, a bodyguard, etc., it is not allowed to give. His descendants are not allowed to give to those who have not divided their families; those who have divided their families are idle and scattered. In the eleventh year of Qianlong, it was stipulated: "The sons of the princes and the generals of the Knights of the Ge Dynasty are allowed to give a reward of silver." A widowed concubine who lives with her children and grandchildren shall also be granted when she dies. ”
The age at which the clan receives the silver reward is 15 years old or older at the age of marriage, and the deceased must be over 20 years old to receive the silver reward. The reward for marrying a wife and marrying a woman is one hundred and two silver, and the reward for marrying a wife is unlimited, and the silver reward for marrying a second wife, three marriages, or re-divorce and remarriage, the reward silver is halved by two halves. However, concubines are not subsidized. Similarly, a silver reward was awarded for the death of a wife, but a concubine could not apply for a silver reward when she died.
In addition to the routine reward, from the eleventh year of Qianlong onwards, the emperor also rewarded the idle clan room with an additional 100,000 taels of silver every year, and in order to rescue the accidents of the clan room, such as the fire burning the house, the clan room could request a reward according to the number of burned houses.
However, accidents are rare after all, and what the clan needs most is to redeem the land. The idle clan of the Imperial Family of the Qing Dynasty began to deteriorate economically since the Qianlong period, and the Eight Banners Patriarch reported that there was no family business, there was indeed no dependence, and the extremely poor clan over the age of 20 had a total of more than 200 people.
Therefore, Qianlong first rescued 40 people who had nothing to rely on and were already elderly, or who were orphans and had extremely difficult livelihoods, and each person was rewarded with 200 taels of silver, and paid their respective patriarchs and seniors to buy houses as an industry. It is also stipulated that the houses bought by the clan shall never be sold.
Twenty-six years after qianlong, the silver reward for each person was changed to 188 taels, and Qianlong originally planned to issue two silver taels to 40 clans every year, but the more people in the future, the more silver the expenditure was.
The funds for the reward of silver and silver did not come from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but from the imperial court to the silver treasury of the ZongrenFu according to the four seasons, ranging from tens of thousands of taels to hundreds of thousands of taels per year. However, the clan had a policy with the imperial court, and sometimes pretended to die for a few funeral silver, and asked his wife and son to report the funeral at the zongren's mansion to defraud the imperial court of funeral expenses.
In the late Qing Dynasty, due to the emptiness of the national treasury, the livelihood of the members of the clan and even the general banner people was more difficult, and the imperial court could not fully allocate the reward silver, and the members of the clan had to make a living for themselves.