The burial system is at least 6,000 years old, and the Han Dynasty forbade the Ming Dynasty to restart the burial system. The inhumane system that existed at least 6,000 years ago highly shows the inequality between people, and the powerful people die, but they take the living to be martyred, and the living are buried, and they reach a climax after the death of Qin Shi Huang, although occasionally in the Han Dynasty, but eventually abolished. Time passed for a thousand years, and by the time of the Ming Dynasty, this inhumane system had actually revived and was resurrected by Zhu Yuanzhang. What exactly made Zhu Yuanzhang make this stipulation? What is the truth behind it?
The system of martyrdom is a high degree of performance of the power to do whatever it wants. When did the burial system begin? It is no longer available. However, archaeology has found that there are burial bones in the Dawenkou cultural site as early as 6,000 years ago. The Shang Dynasty also has a large number of burial ruins, indicating that at least in the era of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors of primitive society, there were martyrdoms. The Shang Dynasty has become quite popular in the theory of the system of martyrdom, according to feudal superstition, people believe that when a person dies, he will enter another world, and the powerful person will make slaves call servants before death, and when he dies, he also wants to enjoy this honor, so he will kill the slaves and women who serve him before he dies, and let them continue to call for him when he dies.
Because of the severe status gap, the martyrs were powerless to resist and could only follow these powerful people into the coffin, some killed first and then buried, and some even buried alive. In the book of Mozi Festival, the number of martyrs is detailed, the number of martyrs killed by the Son of Heaven, dozens of people, a number of widows, a large number of generals killed martyrs, dozens of people, and several widows. It is worth mentioning that Qin Shi Huang, Qin Shi Huang, the emperor of the ages, is an immortal fan, in addition to the unification of the six kingdoms, he wasted the most energy is probably to study how to be immortal, and finally was deceived by Xu Fu, 3,000 boys and girls looking for immortal medicine, going to the sea and never returning. Qin Shi Huang's plan for immortality failed, and he died, but the number of martyrs after his death also set a record at the time.
Qin II was quite filial to his father. After the death of Qin Shi Huang, he ordered that those who did not have children in the first emperor's harem should not be allowed to die. Later generations estimated that there were as many as 10,000 people, including martyred craftsmen. Probably Qin II knew his father's mind best, and let these people accompany them to the underground and continue to accept his rule. Zhuge Liang invented the steamed bun, which was actually a substitute for human martyrdom. Folklore has it that steamed buns were invented by Zhuge Liang. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang crossed lushui south and captured Meng. After pacifying the southwest, Zhuge Liang had to cross the Lushui River when he returned to Chengdu. At this time, the brine was rough, the wind and waves were strong, and the Shu soldiers were difficult to cross, so Meng Yu suggested that 7749 human heads should be used to sacrifice the river god before they could be crossed. Meng's suggestion shows that there was still a tradition of burial with living people in the Southwest Yi region during the Three Kingdoms period. Zhuge Liang couldn't bear it, and threw the head of a man made of dough into the river, and the wind and waves stopped, which is the origin of the steamed buns. So the original name of the steamed bun was Brute Head. Guide brute head. Because it was too bloody, it was changed to steamed buns. Zhuge Liang used steamed buns instead of living people to be martyred, which not only solved the problem of martyrdom, but also avoided bloodshed and slaughter, which can be described as a benevolent victory.
Zhu Yuanzhang used concubines to be martyred for three reasons. From the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, for more than 1,000 years, although the official system of human martyrdom was stopped, the phenomenon of human martyrdom was not completely eliminated and occasionally occurred. Unexpectedly, Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne as empress dowager, turned back history and restarted the system of human martyrdom. Zhu Yuanzhang was not the first person in the Ming Dynasty to enjoy human martyrdom, and the first person who wanted to use human martyrdom was Zhu Yuanzhang's second son Zhu Xiang, who died of illness and was buried by two concubines. The two concubines were the sister of Wang Bao of Henan and the daughter of Deng Yu, the king of Ninghe. Princess Wang and Princess Deng were martyred in the first Ming Dynasty.
After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, more than 40 concubines were martyred, and the following Ming Chengzu Zhu Di MingrenZong Zhu Gaozi and the Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu, that is, the princes of the Zhu Ming Dynasty, all had living people to bury them, until the death of Emperor Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, they could not bear to abolish it. Why did Zhu Yuanzhang open such a vicious example again? There are probably three main reasons for the analysis:
First, the Ming Dynasty followed the Yuan Dynasty system, and the Yuan Dynasty implemented the martyrdom system. After the death of Genghis Khan, 40 daughters from the Yibi and Nayan families were selected, dressed in pearls and jade jewelry, beautiful robes, put on expensive clothes, and sent with good horses to accompany the spirit of Genghis Khan, while Zhu Yuanzhang was only a compass name.
Second, Zhu Yuanzhang was able to seal a killing for the sake of the secret consideration of the court.
Third, Zhu Yuanzhang also had another world thought after his death, so that these people went underground to accompany him. The system of burial is tragic and cruel. The historical record records the tragic situation of 30 concubines after the death of Ming Chengzu Zhu Di, and the cries shook the palace, and a concubine from North Korea, Han Shi, knelt down and begged her to go home. In the early to middle of the Ming Dynasty, several emperors died, but hundreds of concubines were martyred for them, the burial system was so cruel, but there was no shortage of people who took the initiative to ask for martyrdom, these people can be said to be light on life and death.
After the death of Emperor Taizong of Tang, two ethnic generals Ashina, Dur, and Qibi joined forces to request martyrdom as a sign of loyalty, but were stopped by Emperor Gaozong of Tang, Li Zhi, and after the death of Emperor Wuzong of Tang, his favorite Wang Cairen asked for a martyrdom, and after committing suicide, he was rewarded. Men are important, women are affectionate, which is to add a little warmth of friendship to the imperial family.
Although the concubines of the Ming Dynasty were martyred, but unlike the martyrdom of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties, after their deaths, the imperial court would give them some special honors, posthumously give them their titles, commend them for riding, and they could be named in history because of their martyrdom, and relatives could get some benefits, and the official positions that could be hereditary were called Chaotian female households. These slaves died in vain during the Shang Zhou, and finally had some rewards for their lives.