"The southeast shape is victorious, the three Wu metropolises, and Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times." Smoke willow painting bridge, wind curtain green curtain, jagged 100,000 homes. This is the classic famous sentence of the great poet Liu Yong, which depicts the prosperity of the commerce of the Song Dynasty and the prosperity of the people of the Song Dynasty.
Generally speaking, the Song Dynasty should be the richest dynasty in Chinese history, not only the commerce is very developed, but also the tax revenue has reached a historical climax.
Not only that, with the development of commerce, the life of the residents of the Song Dynasty also became more and more flavorful. In the Tang Dynasty, the market system has already appeared, and in the Song Dynasty, it has been interpreted to the extreme, not only making the night market more prosperous, but also appearing in the "Goulan Washe" place.
In the historical records, this is the favorite entertainment place of the people of the Song Dynasty, known as lingering. So, in the historical records, what programs are these entertainment venues? How did it go?
First, tick the fence
According to historical records, with the development of commerce in the Song Dynasty, the size of the city became larger and larger, and in the process of this development, some fixed entertainment venues appeared, which were called "washe" at that time.
Generally speaking, this special place is the city's commercial amusement zone, which is all-encompassing, an entertainment place for people, and a center for artistic creation. And in the big city, the scale of the washe is very large, generally speaking, there are about a dozen hook bars, which can be described as spectacular.
According to Mr. Liao Ben's "History of Ancient Chinese Theater", the "Goulan" arose during the Renzong period of the Northern Song Dynasty, weakened in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and went through a period of four hundred years before and after. And it is worth mentioning that since the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, a large number of soldiers have come to Lin'an City, and the original northern entertainment venues have also been brought to the south.
According to historical records, there were a total of twenty-four tile houses in Lin'an City in the Southern Song Dynasty, with about a hundred tick bars, which were performed almost simultaneously, and each tick bar could accommodate hundreds or even thousands of spectators. Therefore, according to the statistics of scholars, the number of people who came to hook the fence and was housed every day in Hangzhou city was as high as 20,000 to 50,000 people, and the cumulative number of spectators in a year could even reach 20 million, which was a terrible number, and this also showed the prosperity of entertainment life in the Song Dynasty.
Second, the content of the check bar
According to records, the contents of the hook bar are quite rich, including songs, miscellaneous dramas, puppet plays, sumo wrestling, taming of animals, magic, and chess. In addition, there is the more important rap, which in turn includes fiction and history.
1. Tell history
Generally speaking, this is a favorite program of the general public, because the people often like heroes and like various stories, according to historical records, the prototype of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has appeared as early as that time.
Among them are also known as scraping bones to heal wounds and cutting six generals Guan Yu after five levels. Many ordinary people very much like to sit around in a circle, listening to the heroism of Second Master Guan and listening to Cao Cao's cunning and treachery. Especially when hearing the scraping of bones and healing this section, countless people will stand up and shout, this is a real hero, really a good man!
2. Sumo
"Water Margin" once emphasized that Yan Qing is a true sumo wrestler. Once Gao Li boasted that he was the first person in sumo wrestling, and as a result, compared with Yan Qing, he was knocked down by the other party's three strokes and five divisions by two. From this paragraph, it can be seen that the Song Dynasty already had a very mature sumo sport, and it is still loved by everyone.
According to the Records of Dreams, the sumo wrestling movement of the Song Dynasty was quite similar to that of Japanese sumo wrestling, with the main purpose of knocking out each other. The difference is that Japanese sumo is a glamour embodiment of men, but sumo sports in the Song Dynasty allowed women to participate.
Moreover, women's sumo is more popular than men, even though the Song Dynasty had already appeared in science, but in this sport, women can freely release their nature. This was also an aggressive and strange thing at the time, and it also made people see the excitement of sumo wrestling.
3. Acrobatics
Acrobatic performances should be the most popular projects, in general, the status of practitioners in this industry is very low, but there are many high-ranking people in it. If you like to watch Xu Ke's movies, you will know that during the Tang Dynasty, there were many strange people in the acrobatic project, who used various ghostly means to perform mythical techniques.
In the Song Dynasty's tile fence, there are also masters who perform hard qigong, including the beginning of brick splitting, and the sharp blade in the body is not injured. And it is worth mentioning that the acrobatics of the Song Dynasty at that time did not have so many skills and deceptions, so many people's hard qigong was a real solid foundation. Therefore, when winning everyone's happiness, it is actually full of various dangers, and everyone needs to work hard to practice it.
Especially when stepping on the steel knife and climbing up and down, this is the bold performers of the artist, and even deliberately made some so-called mistakes, which caused everyone to exclaim, and then they finished the work perfectly. It was often applause like thunder and rewards like clouds, which was a spectacle at the time.
4. Tang opera
Tang opera should be the prototype of peking opera for future generations, which first came from the pear garden founded by Li Longji of Tang Xuanzong. The difference is that the drama performance of the Song Dynasty has long been not mainly elegant, but in a more acceptable art form. And with the maturity of Tang opera, the performers at that time were even able to achieve professional sets and professional makeup.
They not only won the full house with excellent singing skills, but also used the surrounding environment to perform a more realistic stage effect. At the time, this performance was suitable for all ages, and both elegant and ordinary people liked to watch it.
5. Taming the beast
In fact, as early as the Tang Dynasty, there were already beast tamers, for example, there was a good scene in the Tongtian Empire. Di Renjie, played by Andy Lau, went to meet Wang Ye, and as a result, a tiger passed by. However, the taming skills of the Song Dynasty may be better, these professional trainers not only train parrots and let them parrots learn their tongues, but also dare to boldly train bears and elephants.
These species are very fierce, some even more fierce than tigers, but under the training of these trainers, elephants can make a lot of movements that interact with the audience. Even the fierce bear will behave like a panda very docile and cute. Watching the beast trainer's performance at that time was also a spectacle.
And according to records, China's animal training technology has long been world-famous, when many beast taming masters came to Tokyo to check the Chinese skills, and even the legendary ant fighting skills, the difficulty of its training technology reached the world level. Unfortunately, this technology has been lost.
Third, development and change
Under this cultural phenomenon, it not only enriches people's lives, but also produces a so-called star culture. There are some very professional storytellers, who have been sought after by many rich and noble men, and they have been brought back by others at high prices and have become professional storytellers.
There are also some people who are very good at singing, and even have a star effect, which is sought after by many people. For example, the famous Li Shishi in history is like this, her singing skills are very good, not only let the emperor like, the surrounding brothers are even more intoxicated.
Unfortunately, this civic culture was eventually cut off, the main reason for which was the destruction of the Song Dynasty. When the Song Dynasty was still alive, the development of the civic economy and commercial economy was very rapid, but after the destruction of the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty carried out great reforms, so the citizen economy was once hit, but the commercial economy still developed well.
Although later there was also a lot of civilian culture, such as meta-drama and so on. Unfortunately, the prosperity of the past is no longer there. As Mr. Liao Ben said, the prosperity of the tile fence was only four hundred years, and it had completely decayed or even fallen in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, the prosperity of the past was only four hundred years, and in the later feudal dynasty, the life of the common people became more and more monotonous, and even became the image in the eyes of foreign priests at the end of the Qing Dynasty.
epilogue
Looking back at the development of this event, we can clearly see the living conditions of the ancient people. Although the political level of the Great Song Dynasty was not very good, it made the living standards of many people highly improved for economic development, and even enabled the people to have a very rich entertainment life, which should be affirmed.
But let us not forget that the Song Dynasty let all the people sink into this kind of entertainment, forgetting the pain and shame of the country, and the result was that the Great Song Dynasty fell into the fall faster and was destroyed. So these entertainment life, on the one hand, deserve recognition, but on the other hand also need to be constrained, if the whole people fall into entertainment, the country is likely to have no future. This may be another reflection on the change of the "tile checkbox".
bibliography:
"Dream Liang"
History of Ancient Chinese Theater
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