It is another year of Waxing Moon, in ancient poems, we can often see Plum Blossoms, Tang Dynasty and Later Tang Dynasty poems.
So many people will think that Lamei existed in the Tang Dynasty, and the poems about Lamei also began in the Tang Dynasty.
In fact, the plum blossom has always existed on the land of China, but this flower, due to the growth in the mountains of the middle of the Yangtze River, wild, shrubs, although the flowers bloom in winter, fragrant and lovely, but because of the Tang Dynasty and before the Tang Dynasty, its use value has not been excavated, ignored by many people.
In the Tang Dynasty, at this time, this kind of flower that bloomed like a plum blossom in winter, the mountain people called it "Yellow Plum" because it was like a plum blossom, which was only the name of the mountain people themselves, and was not found in the poetry and song of the Tang Dynasty.
So why is this yellow plum blossom, why is not valued by people, because it is a shrub, the use value of wood is not high, the fruit is not suitable for food, so artificial planting and cultivation is not extensive, and deep in the mountains, in the Tang Dynasty the comprehensive value is not as high as plum blossoms.
Therefore, the plum blossoms in Tang poetry are plum blossoms that bloom in December. At this time, after midwinter, after the warm illumination of the winter solstice sun, the plum blossoms have been full of buds and the second bloom. Plum blossoms have a long flowering period, midwinter began to produce flower buds, late winter wax moon is the period of plum blossom opening, so the plum blossoms in the spring and snow, fragrant and lovely, by the Tang Dynasty people called la mei, also known as Nian Fang. It is a beautiful flower that blooms in anticipation of the New Year.
"Cuiyan leans on the creek for thousands of feet, and once had Yan Guang as an angler."
The more the mountain is far away from the T-shaped water, and the plum is late to see the second year flower. "Don · Du Mu's "Zhengchu Fengfeng Shezhou Thorn Shi Xingqun"
The 45-year-old Du Mu served as the Assassin of Muzhou, and his friend Xing Qun served as the Assassin of Shezhou. Both men were demoted by the Beijing officials to a remote place as a local official, and it was inevitable that they would be depressed, so this New Year's Eve, he wrote to Xingqun in Anhui Province, telling him about his state in Muzhou, Zhejiang
Here is the beautiful scenery of the winter that describes Muzhou different from other places.
Here is the Fuchun River, which is the retreat of the famous hermit Yan Guang, with beautiful mountains and rivers.
The green forest of a thousand feet of cliffs, sloping at the edge of the stream, once Yan Guang was living in seclusion fishing here.
The continuous mountains make the water of the stream a T-shaped, and the plum blossoms here should have bloomed in the waxing moon, but because of the warmth and humidity, the New Year's Eve is also a flower.
This is the rich Zhejiang region, where people have experience in growing fruit and plums all year round. The late-blooming plum blossoms in this mountainous area are precisely the important seasoning ingredients and the main raw materials for sour taste.
Therefore, plum rain refers to the spring and summer rain when The plums in Jiangnan are yellow, and it is conceivable that the flourishing of plum blossom planting in Jiangnan can be imagined.
The plum here is the plum blossom, but the ground is warm and warm, and the plum blossom period is long, and it can bloom from the waxing moon to the next year.
"The cold willows are slightly rainy, and the plums are fragrant and have many branches.
In case Hiratsu is humble, don't forget takamatsu sending his daughter Luo. "Don · Xue Feng's "Fenghe Servant Xianggong Sent Dongchuan Li Zhi envoy to the envoy Xiahou Xianggong"
This is a social poem that La Yue sent her friends back to Sichuan. Although it is a waxing moon, but obviously here should be the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River or Jiangnan, in the late winter, there are already willow trees began to sprout, and there is not much rain and snow here, cold rain moisturizes the blue new willows, adding a touch of spring color, and this is the good season for plum blossoms to open, the plum blossoms on the tree are cascading and opening, and the tiny branches are covered with buds and flowers.
This is a symbol of the coming spring, if you have a good chance to go here, have a chance to use tengda reuse, don't forget me, I can still do things for you, like a female rose attached to a pine tree. This is, of course, a humble gesture, an expression of sincere wishes for friendship to last and for each other to give opportunities between careers.
The plums here, of course, are the plum blossoms of the waxing moon, and the hardy plum blossoms of the waxing moon have multiple meanings, representing the gentleman, tenacity, acacia, friendship, and also representing the sunshine care, the first to blossom. The Tang also often used the metaphor of the south branch plum blossom to obtain the favor of the king, to be promoted, and to be reused.
"Long-term guests are tired of the capital country, and it is winter when the years are returned."
Crossing the Ishui Ferry alone, listening to the Los Angeles Clock.
The color of the mountain is cold and green, and the clouds are heavy into twilight.
Lamei Lonely House Road, tired horses who meet. Northern Song Dynasty · Ouyang Xiu, "Sending the Prince to the Judge (Winter 1033)"
So is the plum blossom in this poem by Ouyang Xiu of the Northern Song Dynasty a plum blossom? This has reached the Song Dynasty.
At this time, Ouyang Xiu was 26 years old, not even a jinshi, just north of the drift in Beijing, he was playing near the capital, and what he saw was the landscape here that had been passed for nearly a year, the mountains were cold and green, the clouds were dense, the mood was low, and he was tired.
And even if there are plum blossoms here, they are traditional plum blossoms planted in the courtyard inn.
Because the yellow plum blossoms were still in the mountains at this time, they did not become popular in the capital.
Popularity to the capital was decades later. Because the Song Dynasty prospered and stabilized for a period of time, the aesthetics of flowers and trees were unprecedentedly improved, which was material prosperity that determined spiritual activities.
Both men and women are popular to wear seasonal flowers and grasses on their heads, and plum blossoms have also been continuously improved, and there are ornamental plum blossoms with different petals and different colors, such as red plums, green plums, and pink plums. However, it is still unable to meet the growing cultural and spiritual needs.
So the yellow plum blossoms in the mountains, in the old age of Ouyang Xiu, began to enter the city from the mountains. The appearance of this yellow plum blossom fills the difference in the color of the plum blossom in the waxing moon, because it is yellow, and because it is particularly fragrant, it has become a new favorite of the city.
Farmers will cut off the bud branches of yellow plum blossoms, pick them to the city to sell, things are rare and expensive, this fragrant yellow flowers, but also especially in line with the Song Dynasty people's aesthetic of yellow, Wax Moon New Year Pass, golden flowers are rich, yellow plums want to not be hot is difficult.
It happened that when Ouyang Xiu's disciple Su Shi was 48 years old, he made a comeback and rose from Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, within a year, to the rank of Hanlin scholar Zhi Zhi Zhen and Zhi Li Bu Tribute. Su Shi already had a literary name, and the government and the opposition were shaken, and the rewards were innumerable, among which Huang Tingjian was similar in breath and became a poet friend with him.
At this time, the yellow plum blossom was popular in the capital, and the two literary heroes named the yellow plum as the wax plum, "the aroma is like a plum, and the female worker twists the wax, because it is called a wax plum". Two high-ranking officials and literary heroes blessed, wax plum blossoms instead of yellow plums, popular literary circles.
"Smell the wild plum hair behind the temple, and the fragrant honey is dyed into a palace-like yellow."
Do not intend to fold to cover the old eyes, want to know the spring color to the pond. Northern Song Dynasty · Huang Tingjian, "From Zhang Zhongmou to Beg Wax Plum (1086)"
I heard that the wild plum blossoms behind your temple bloomed, and the plum blossoms were the palace yellow colored with honey.
I'm not asking you to send me a few sticks to see.
I want to plant wax plums, so that the wax plum blossoms bloom on the edge of the pond and fill the world in spring.
Here you can see Huang Tingjian as the representative, starting from the appreciation of the folded branches of the yellow plum blossoms in the courtyard to cultivate wax plums.
"Tiangong dots crisps to make plum blossoms, and there is a wax plum Zen hometown here."
Bees collect flowers as yellow wax, and take wax as flowers and other things. Northern Song Dynasty · Su Shi's "Wax Plum a Song for Zhao Jingyin (1091)"
Tiangong dyed plum blossoms on the branches in the waxing moon and specially gave the wax plums to the Taoist fairies in the mountains and forests.
You look at the bees picking flowers as beeswax, and now God hangs the wax on the branches and makes flowers.
In the time of Huang Tingjian Sushi, the original definition of the wax plum blossom was not a wax moon flower, but a yellow flower like wax.
Moreover, the Kyoshi is widely popular for wearing wax plums and plum blossoms, and for a long time, wax plums are called wax plums.
And there is also a time when plum blossoms and plum blossoms fall.
Mountain plum blossoms and fruit plum blossoms, usually bloom early, often open in midwinter, but people in the city see less, and artificially cultivated ornamental plum blossoms, often in the year or even years after the full blooming period, just leave the gap of the wax moon, wax plum blossoms in the Song Dynasty in the capital city of the unique, the limelight over the plum blossoms, so the folk wax is not divided, the yellow plum blossom is called the plum blossom.
"The Linting Festival is endlessly happy, and it is also a cold and easy age."
Last night the snow was sunny, and the back garden first entered the plum blossoms. Northern Song Dynasty · Zhao Tuo Gong Zi its forty-nine
· Zhao Tuo was emperor Huizong of Song, and during the Waxing Moon, there were various greeting items. It's the end of another year.
Last night, the snow was clear, so the weather was particularly good, the Royal Garden said, and a lot of blooming plum blossoms were introduced from outside.
Tianzi said that wax plum was lamei, and lamei became the goddess of waxing moon flowers in the Song Dynasty.
"The trade wind came from the bottom, and the water's edge opened up.
See the north and south of the river, see all the rivers and plums to see the plums. Song · Zeng Ji "Look at the Four Kinds of Plum One"
Where did the spring flower trade wind come from, and a plum blossom was found from the water's edge.
Riding on a bamboo pole, I turned from the south of the creek at the top of the mountain to the north of the creek every day, and saw the white plum blossoms in the wild falling, while the yellow plum blossoms were blooming.
In fact, this poem points out the time when the plum blossoms are later than the plum blossoms and fruit plums in the wild, and earlier than the plum blossoms in the garden, just in the waxing moon.
This is also when people talk about the waxing moon plum, but the real traditional plum blossom, but also retreated to a step beyond.
But are the traditional plum blossoms open?
No, because the most beautiful spring plum is still waiting for you. At the end of the month and the beginning of the first month, it is the peak flowering period for traditional plum blossoms.
Morning plums, lamei plums, spring plums, together dress up in winter, the second open, each with its own beauty, to welcome the arrival of spring.
Hatsuyoshi Katsuyuki interprets the love and beauty in the poems for you. Image from the web.