Zheng Banqiao is a native of Xinghua County, Jiangsu Province, and is also a generation of art masters who are recognized as a master of poetry, calligraphy and painting. But when he was born, his family fell into the middle of the road, and his birth mother died when he was three years old, and he took on the responsibility of making the family prosperous from an early age. At the age of twenty, Zheng Banqiao lived up to the expectations of the public and was admitted to Xiucai, but without a background, he could only prepare for the imperial examination while running a private school, and did not pass the entrance examination until he was forty-three years old. For twenty-three years, he lost his wife, tasted the warmth and cold of human feelings, and had to rely on writing pairs on the street to support his family when he was most depressed.
At the age of fifty, Zheng Banqiao finally became a Zhixian County, and at that time he was still a bookish businessman, full of thought that he could make a difference. But the Qing court finally disappointed him, and ten years of zhixian career made him see all kinds of deceit, and finally he could only resign from the government and make a living from calligraphy and painting. Zheng Banqiao's life is actually the bumpy life of a reader who did not want to bow to the world in the old days. He has been downcast and beautiful, and he has written his feelings about life into paintings and poems. For example, he wrote "Four Hao":
"The cloud concealed the merchant at Wanlingshan, and the Han court returned as soon as it arrived.
Ganoderma lucidum is not a mortal, and he has to be raised and idle. ”
Zheng Banqiao
This poem praises the four songs, the language is wonderful, and expresses the admiration for the seclusion and nourishment of the four mountains of Shangshan Mountain. According to history, soon after the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, there were Fang Shiyan people Lu Sheng and Han People Hou Sheng who jointly opposed the centralized system. Qin Shi Huang then promulgated a severe decree that "the ancient and the modern are not the present", and the Confucians denounced each other, involving 460 people, all of whom were killed. In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shi Huang (213 BC), he issued a "book burning order", which is known in history as "book burning pit Confucianism". "SiHao" was four of the seventy doctors of the Qin Dynasty, who held the title of ancient and modern; The second is to distinguish between yes and no; The first two are political affairs and the latter are cultural and religious affairs. Forced by the violent Qin Andku Law, they avoided the hidden Shang Luo Mountain. It is known as "Shangshan Sihao". They are Tang Bing, Duke of Dongyuan, and the character Xuanming; Xia Huanggong Cui Guang, character Shaotong; Qili Ji Wu Shi, Zi Jing; Mr. Lu Li Zhou Shu, ZiYuan Dao.
After the Han Dynasty destroyed Qin, the world was determined, and Liu Bangjiu, the ancestor of Han Gao, admired the name of "Four Hao" and summoned him, "Four Hao" should not, and in his later years he wanted to depose The Crown Prince Liu Ying, and set up another favorite concubine Lady Qi's son, Zhao Wang Ruyi, as the crown prince. Lü Hou sent emissaries from Zhang Liangji to Shangshan with a handwritten letter from the crown prince to greet "SiHao", and Sihao came out of the mountain, prince Sasuke. Si Hao came out of the mountain, shook the government and the opposition, and stopped Liu Bang from deposing Chang Liyou's behavior. In addition, according to the "Taiping Huanyu Chronicle" quoted in the "Biography of Gao Shi" "The Han Dynasty made Zhang Liangyi Nanshan welcome Sihao", after arriving in Shangzhou, he mistakenly thought that the Shuangniu Mountain on the Dan River in the prefecture city was a Shang mountain, so he stopped here, so later generations called this mountain "Gaocheling". After Liu Bang's death, the crown prince Liu Ying succeeded to the throne as Emperor Hui of Han. "The emperor wants to be an official, but the four Hao are grateful and do not accept it, and still hide in Shangshan."
Shangshan Four
The deeds of the "Shangshan Sihao" were recorded in the "Records of History", the "Book of Han", the "Four Libraries of the Whole Book" and other books, and later poems about the "Shangshan Sihao" are known to be more than 300, mostly in the Tang and Song dynasties. Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty wrote in "Title Shang Shan Si Hao Temple a Must": "Lü Shi Qiang Liang Si Zi Rou, I want nature to be vengeful? The southern army did not favor the left sleeve, and the four old An Liu were destroyed Liu. Luo Yin wrote in the poem "Four Han Temples": "The Han Hui Qin Emperor has heard about it, and the clouds in front of the temple are in front of Gao Mu's eyes." The King of Chu took great pains to spare no effort, and the Six Mile Green Mountains belonged to the king. In the Southern Song Dynasty Liu Kezhuang's "Miscellaneous Songs of One Hundred Songs • Four Hao", it is written: "Go to avoid the disaster of pit burning, and become a wing gong." Liu Hou did not speak to himself, driving ZiZhi Weng. Even Japanese sinology enthusiasts have the poem "SiHao": "Zizhi produces shangshan, and Sihao picks and eats." From the Liu family house, into the poem into the picture. ”
The historical sites of Shangshan Sihao are widely distributed and recited in Shangluo and China. In Danfeng and Shangzhou, there are "Sihao Ancestral Temples": Luonan has "Sihao Township"; Shangnan has "Luli Cave", "Lushan Mountain" and "Luli Fang". In addition, there are "Sihao Temple" and "Sihao Village" in Xi'an. Chengcheng, Lantian and Huaxian have "Shangshan Temple". Jiluan in Henan Province and Xishan in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province also have "Four Hao Ancestral Hall", "Dongyuan Gong Ancestral Hall", "Yong'an", "Qiliwu", "Huanggongjing" and so on.
Tomb of Danfeng Sihao
As for the tomb of "Sihao", in Shangzhen, seven kilometers west of present-day Danfeng County, there is a Sihao Cemetery, covering an area of 1848 square meters. There are three tombs in the cemetery for the main tomb, and two tombs outside the park are companion tombs, and the old tomb area is surrounded by pine and cinnamon incense, ancient cypress old locust, and forest columns. In 1983, the local wall and gate tower were built and included in the "Shaanxi Scenic Spots". According to the "Continuation of the ShangZhi" and the "Shaanxi Tongzhi", Emperor Hui personally erected a "iodine stone" for the "Four Hao" trees in a hidden place, and a "iodine stone" was erected for civilian officials to get off their cars and military generals to dismount their horses.
The Zizhi mentioned in Zheng Banqiao's poem, also known as Shangzhi, is commonly known as fist dish and fist sprout dish. Tang Chen's book "Materia Medica" says: "In the mountains where ferns are born, the roots are like comfrey, and people eat them." The Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: "Fern, everywhere in the mountains ... Its stems are taken when they are tender, boiled in ash soup to remove salivation, dried as vegetables, sweet and smooth, and can also be eaten vinegar. Its roots are purple, there is white powder in the skin, mashed and washed again and again, powder is taken as soup, the skin is used as a thread to eat, the color is lilac, and its beauty is also gorgeous. "The common people in shangluo have been eating this vegetable all year round, so Sihao has also used it to fight famine. It is said that when Sihaogong interrupted cooking in the mountains, he often fed on a kind of purple mushroom. He truly loved it and wrote the famous "Caizhi Song", which was named "Shangzhi". Locals named zizhi steamed pork, known as "Zhi Meat", or "Shangzhi Meat", has now become a special food of Shaanxi Shangluo, attracting many foreign tourists to come and taste.
Shangzhi meat