Zheng Chenggong was born in Hirado, Japan, when the Dutch invaded Taiwan in 1624, and died of illness after Zheng Chenggong took back Taiwan from the Dutch in 1662. The Dutch occupied Taiwan for 38 years, and Zheng Chenggong's life lasted for 38 years. The short life of 38 years has created a historical contribution to the annals of history: loyalty, anti-Qing restoration, presiding over half of the old rivers and mountains; conquest, defeat of the Dutch army, to ensure that Taiwan is included in the territory; to restore Xinjiang, build Taiwan, and open up a new world.
First, zhongyi, preside over half of the old rivers and mountains
Zheng Zhilong (1604-1661), a native of Nan'an, Fujian, was the father of Zheng Chenggong. In his early years, Zheng Zhilong followed his uncle to Macau, Manila and Hirado, Japan, to do business, proficient in multi-Chinese, baptized by Catholicism, good at business, enthusiastic about learning martial arts, following Yan Siqi to Taiwan to develop, and later became the hegemon of east Asian seas.
Building a business empire backed by armed forces is Zheng Zhilong's biggest goal in life. He first engaged in business and then recruited security, first lowered the Ming and then lowered the Qing. Zheng Zhilong once helped Emperor Longwu but did not serve him loyally, and even used The trust of Emperor Longwu to benefit himself. When Zheng Zhilong saw that the Southern Ming Dynasty had already surrendered to the Manchu Qing, he once again wanted to use the Manchu Qing forces to fight against the anti-Dutch, and fantasized about continuing to dominate the East Asian seas. This nature of seeing the rudder at both ends of the first rat and seeing the wind also doomed Zheng Zhilong to be abandoned in his later years. Emperor Longwu of the ming dynasty, who was weak at that time, hoped to rely on Zheng Zhilong's armed forces to achieve anti-Qing restoration, and there was nothing he could do with him, but in the eyes of the powerful Manchu Qing, Zheng Zhilong was just a pawn that was used, and eventually became an outcast.
The growth experience of Zheng's father and son is very different from their educational background, and it is also doomed to the different life paths and value orientations of father and son. Zheng Zhilong's ultimate goal is to seek his own selfish supremacy at sea, and Zheng Chenggong's life ambition is to be loyal to Longwu's anti-Qing and restoration of the Fa system Zhengshuo.
Confucianism is infested, chivalrous. In 1624, Zheng Zhilong and the Tagawa clan gave birth to Zheng Chenggong in Hirado, Japan, and Zheng Chenggong, who was about 7 years old, was sent by his father to take him back to his hometown of Nan'an, Fujian. During his 14 years in Nan'an, Zheng successfully received a systematic Confucian education and took the imperial examination. Zheng Chenggong, 21, was sent by his father to nanjing guozijian to study under Qian Qianyi, a literary leader and representative of the Donglin Party. Although the teachers and students eventually chose two diametrically opposed paths, Qian Qianyi admired Zheng Chenggong very much and changed Zheng Chenggong's Sen character back to Damu, hoping that he could become a pillar of the Ming Dynasty. Under the intrusion of Qian Qianyi's thoughts, Zheng Chenggong read poetry and books, and became familiar with the Confucian ideas of benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom, faith, forgiveness, loyalty, filial piety, and compassion, and practiced this loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, and righteousness in his future actions. Zheng Chenggong said in a letter replying to his father's persuasion: "Never the father taught his son to be loyal, and never heard of the godson to be loyal, and now my father does not listen to his son's words, and if there is any accident, the son only has a simple substance," In the letter, Zheng Chenggong explained to his father the essence of the relationship between the emperor and the vassal, and was loyal to Emperor Longwu of the Southern Ming Dynasty without hesitation.
Thanks to the gift, allegiance to Nanming. When Emperor Longwu was very happy to see Zheng Chenggong at Zheng Zhilong, because Zheng Zhilong did not act at both ends, Emperor Longwu pinned his hopes on Zheng Chenggong for anti-Qing and restoration. Zheng Chenggong was given the Ming Dynasty state surname "Zhu" by Emperor Longwu, and also gave the name Chenggong, known as "Guo surname Ye", and since then the obscure Zheng Sen has become the famous Zheng Chenggong. Later, he was enfeoffed by the Yongli Emperor as the King of Yanping, also known as "Zheng Yanping". With the surname Yehe and the addition and hereditary lineage of the King of Yanping, Zheng Chenggong also changed from a Confucian to a great general who rose up against the Qing in anger. "Mu Su Linjiang swore to destroy Hu, and the Xiongshi 100,000 qi swallowed Wu." Try to see the Heavenly Graben throw whip crossing, I don't believe that Zhongyuan is not surnamed Zhu. This majestic and powerful song "Out of the Master to Ask for Manyi from Guazhou to Jinling" expresses Zheng Chenggong's determination to resolutely recover the Central Plains and restore the Qing Dynasty, and is also a true portrayal of his future life. Therefore, for Zheng Chenggong, loyalty to Emperor Longwu was his duty and duty as a courtier, not to mention that Longwu and the Yongli Emperor still had the grace of knowing him, and he was loyal to the remaining Southern Ming Dynasty and did not hesitate to achieve anti-Qing restoration at all costs.
Hatred of the family, not the sharing of heaven. In 1646, the Qing army entered Fujian in a big way, Emperor Longwu was captured and killed, and Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Manchu Qing. In 1647, when the Qing army invaded Nan'an again, Zheng Chenggong's mother, Theakawa Clan, refused to surrender, fearing being insulted and cutting off her abdomen. Zheng Chenggong was greatly saddened by the news and buried his mother's body with Japanese etiquette. Emperor Longwu was killed, the Tianchuan clan was killed, and the enemies of the state hated the family, and they were different from Dai Tian. This series of events and experiences contributed to Zheng Chenggong's strong determination to oppose the Qing, and even though his father later wrote many letters to persuade him to surrender to the Qing, Zheng Chenggong remained unmoved, and he never forgot this bloody feud throughout his life.
Zheng Chenggong's loyalty and courage have won the respect and high praise they deserve. Kangxi inscribed The inscription of Bang Zheng Chenggonglian: Four towns and two hearts, two islands tun division, dare to fight for half of the wall to the southeast; the kings have no land, a corner of resistance, fang knows that there are orphans and loyal overseas. Liu Mingchuan, the first governor of Taiwan, wrote: "Give the country a surname, the family is broken and the king is dead, Yongya is lonely and loyal, and the foundation is exhausted in the mountains and rivers; the book of the restored father, the words are strict and righteous, the thousand autumn festivals, and the lidou is in shun ri Yao tian. Shen Baozhen, minister of shipping administration, was even more highly praised: Opening up the wonders of eternity, the flood and famine left this mountain and river as a world of remnants; there is nothing to be sought in a lifetime, and the regrets are returned to the heavens and the earth, which is a perfect person. In the "Taiwan Famous Scenic Spots Yang Lian", the inclusion of The Yang Lian is the most in the Yanping County Wang Ancestral Hall, which also shows the admiration and worship of posterity.
Second, conquest to ensure that Taiwan is included in the territory
In 1633, Zheng Zhilong defeated the Dutch navy at Jinmenwai Haishi Bay, which was a rare victory for the Chinese navy since the Age of Navigation, and Zheng Zhilong continued to maintain the supremacy of the East Asian sea. However, the people were strong and weak, and the declining Ming Dynasty was dying, and Zheng Zhilong turned to the Manchu Qing. Emperor Longwu's hope of opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty fell on the shoulders of Zheng Chenggong, who was unable to reverse the retreat of the Southern Ming Dynasty during zheng Chenggong's northern expedition to the west.
In 1661, Zheng Chenggong, who failed the Northern Expedition, withdrew to Xiamen, and the land territory of Zheng Jiajun in Fujian was almost lost. In order to expand the new anti-Qing and restoration base areas, they moved east to Taiwan at the suggestion of Tongshi He Bin. In April 1661, Zheng Chenggong set out at luowan, whose father had defeated the Dutch army, and issued a "Tribute to the Sea": recover Taiwan, report to the country, save the life of the people, and establish a foundation that never pulls out the foundation. Zheng Chenggong personally led 25,000 soldiers and generals, divided into 100 warships, and landed on the main island of Taiwan at Luermen. The scene of landing on Taiwan Island in that year can really be described: the great river outside the Ninth Heaven is open, and the flag is displayed. Snow surges startle tsunamis, and the tide rushes across the mountains. Under the protracted siege of the Zheng family army, the Dutch colonists were forced to surrender and recovered the treasure island of Taiwan, which had been occupied by the Dutch colonists for 38 years.
Third, restore Xinjiang and open up a new world
When Zheng Zhilong followed Yan Siqi in his early years, he began to recruit disaster victims from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou to come to Taiwan, and at that time, the favorable conditions were "one person gave three silver two, and three people gave one cow", and used a sea boat to transport the Zhangquan disaster victims to Taiwan to settle in the wilderness. In the history of Taiwan, Zheng Zhilong became another person who resettlement and reclamation after Li Dan and Yan Siqi. After Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan, he began to develop and build in the true sense, and also became the origin of the Chinese cultural system rooted in Taiwan.
In terms of administrative management, the Ming Dynasty set up the capital of Shuntianfu in Beijing, set up the capital Ying tianfu in Nanjing, Zheng Chenggong followed the Ming system in Taiwan to set up the new capital Chengtianfu in Tainan Chikan, and set up two counties, namely Tianxing County and Wannian County, which is the earliest administrative division to manage Taiwan.
In terms of agricultural development, in order to fight with the Dutch army for a long time, Zheng Successfully issued a reclamation order to open up land for farming and vigorously develop agriculture. Today, more than 40 places in Tainan, such as Xinying, Houzhen, Linfengying, and Kaohsiung's Camp Front, Camp Back, Forward and Hou Xie, are all place names left by Zheng Chenggong during the period.
In terms of culture and education, at the suggestion of Chen Yonghua, who joined the army, the first school in Taiwan was set up to spread the culture of the Central Plains. In 1666, Taiwan's first Confucian educational institution "Quantai Shouxue" was built in Tainan, which is the largest Confucius Temple in Taiwan, combining temples and schools, and the most complete regulation. This Confucius Temple opened the door of Confucianism in Taiwan, so it is called "the first study in Taiwan". A relatively complete education system was thus established on the island of Taiwan, marking the official entry of Confucianism into Taiwan, and the imperial examination system was subsequently transmitted to Taiwan. Since then, traditional Chinese culture has spread on the island of Taiwan and has become a milestone in the history of Taiwan's education development.
In the face of the sinister practice of the Taiwan authorities in constantly de-sinicizing, looking back at the great deeds of the Zheng family's father and son, and the heart of Sima Zhao of the Taiwan authorities, passers-by are well known. Today, the purpose of commemorating the legendary life of Zheng's father and son is to learn from history.
Nan'an Hou Zheng Zhilong:
The clouds are faint, the white waves are gushing, and they cross the southeast of the river and the sea.
Smoke is thick, swords are dashing, and thieves and merchants are at ease.
The cold snow fluttered, the wind howled, and the lone sun sat in heavenly prison.
The cicadas chirped, the sound of the countryside sounded, and the prosperity ended and wept for Mori Filial Piety.
Note: Sen, Zheng Sen, Daiki, Zheng Chenggong.
The surname of the country is Zheng Chenggong:
God bless Taiwan to descend successfully, across the southeast of the great hero.
Thirty-eight years of conquest of the dust road, the opening of the Holy King through the long sky.