Domestic network on "Chiang Kai-shek worships gold under the door of the door to say"
As the most controversial figure in modern Chinese history. There are many rumors about Chiang Kai-shek. Some even have international influence. This article will talk about "Chiang Kai-shek worshipping under the golden rongmen" and "Chen Geng abandoned Chiang Kai-shek" on the basis of authoritative historical materials.
One. Zhang Jingjiang helped Jiang pay off his debts, and Yu Qiaqing funded Jiang Chi to aid Sun Yat-sen
At home and abroad, there are two theories about "Chiang Kai-shek worshiping gold under the Rongmen", namely: 1. In 1921, Chiang Kai-shek failed to speculate in Shanghai stocks. He owed a huge debt (more than 200,000 yuan, more than 100,000 yuan), and was blocked by the creditor, so that he had a suicide plan. Forced to worship under the Golden Dragon Gate of the Shanghai Youth Gang Boss. Later, the golden dragon personally came forward to force the creditor to give up debt collection. 2. In 1922, the June 16 Incident, Chen Jiongming rebelled. Sun Yat-sen took refuge in the Yongfeng ship. After hearing this, Chiang Kai-shek decided to take the opportunity to go south to Guangzhou to "savior." But he had no funds, so he worshiped the golden rongmen and borrowed a huge amount of money. Eventually, the first to arrive at the Yongfeng ship won the trust of Sun Yat-sen.
Let's start with the first statement. According to Tao Han, page 21 of Chiang Kai-shek and Modern China, Chiang himself began to invest in 1920 until the collapse of 1922, and lost about 200,000 silver dollars (probably mexican eagle ocean). Not long after, Jiang's creditors began to recover from him the two thousand five hundred yuan they owed. Sun Yat-sen also reached out to him and sent him some money, and the rest of the debts were written off through the mediation of friends. The leader of the Green Gang, Jin Rong, invited Chiang's "more than fifty creditors" to dinner and asked them to write down the young officer's debts to him (Huang). According to Jin Rong, the guests were willing to write it off when they saw him in his face, so Jiang Bai became an "apprentice" under his disciples.
In fact, the so-called Chiang Kai-shek stock speculation refers to the history of Chiang Kai-shek participating in the Shanghai exchange led by Sun Yat-sen and directly investing in failure. In December 1916, Sun Yat-sen accepted the proposal of a Japanese political party and decided to cooperate with the Japanese shipping giant Mikami Toyoyoshi, who had long supported the Chinese revolution, to open the Shanghai Exchange in an attempt to raise funds for the revolution. On February 24, 1917, it was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of the Beijing Government. However, due to the fact that Zhang Xun soon supported Puyi's restoration in Beijing, the preparations for the Shanghai exchange came to a standstill.
In 1918, Chiang Kai-shek went to Shanghai on the orders of Sun Yat-sen. Participate in the preparation of the Shanghai Stock Exchange. After several twists and turns, on February 1, 1920, the Shanghai Securities and Articles Exchange was founded in the General Chamber of Commerce. Yu Qiaqing, a wealthy businessman, was elected as the interim chairman. It was officially opened on July 1 of the same year.
In April 1920, Chiang Kai-shek was unable to exert his defeat in the army due to conflicts with Chen Jiongming and others. Therefore, Feng Sun Yat-sen returned to Shanghai from the headquarters of the Cantonese Army in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, and continued to participate in the exchange. And with Chen Guofu and others, the preparation of youai company to participate in investment, soon due to the sharp decline in silver prices, youai company failed to establish. At the beginning of June, he also established a joint venture with Chen Guofu and Zhu Shoumei to open Maoxin and invest in stocks. However, due to poor management, the company was reorganized on September 5, 2019. By September 24, Jiang had invested 24,000 yuan three times (the first 4,000 yuan, the second 5,000 yuan, and the third 15,000 yuan).
On December 15, Jiang cooperated with Zhang Jingjiang and 17 other people to change its name to Hengtai. But the next year, due to Zhang Jingjiang, Chen Guofu's mistake. Resulting in the bankruptcy of the investment exchange and its investment company. Owe a huge debt. According to a letter written by Jiang to Zhang Jingjiang on September 18, 1922, "Before the Mid-Autumn Festival, my brother still owed 2,500 yuan, and it is unknown that he could raise some hui Yong for me. In the township, last year's use was too large, and more than 7,000 yuan was still owed for the unfinished business, and the deficit in Shanghai was equal to this amount...", that is, in 1921, due to the failure of investment in Shanghai, a total of 7,000 yuan was owed, and the funeral of Mother Jiang was owed 7,000 yuan. A total of 14,000 yuan was owed. It is not the legendary "more than 200,000 yuan or more than 100,000 yuan".
Chiang Kai-shek's righteous brother, "nobleman" - Zhang Jingjiang
Even his son Chiang Ching-kuo did not have 15 yuan to add clothes, and Mao Xin actually refused to pay, which shows that he has extreme difficulties. On September 19, 1922, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to write to Zhang Jingjiang for help: "The rate of life and death of the rich and the poor is fixed, and it is not enough to be rich, and it is not enough to be poor without this, and the prepared dead may not die, but the survivors may not be born, nor do they have to compete for fishing here, so as to be ashamed of their lives." But the debts remain for posterity, and the heart is uneasy; education is feeless, and it is difficult to resign responsibility. This place is under love, so I dare not avoid the public settlement, and talk about it by caesarean section." Source: Huzhou Zhang Jingjiang Former Residence Collection: Letter to Jingjing, September 19, 1922. After Zhang reported to Sun Yat-sen, Chen Guofu sent a remittance of 2,500 yuan to Jiang with Sun's consent to repay the debt. Zhang said in his reply to Jiang's letter: "The matter of substitutes is extremely easy, and it is possible to contact Shanghai." Source: First Draft of Chiang Kai-shek's Chronology, in Zhang Jingjiang's Letter, p. 99.
On October 12, 1922, Chiang Kai-shek decided to put aside his personal considerations and dedicate himself to the revolution, diarizing Yun: "What is home? What is the Son? He will not do his best to get rid of the fierceness, and he will not survive." It can be seen that this incident was a turning point for Chiang Kai-shek to truly embark on the revolutionary road.
In summary, Chiang Kai-shek's debt to Shanghai's failed investment was more than 7,000 yuan, and the 24,000 yuan invested before was naturally all adrift. However, on June 14, 1921, Jiang Mu died of illness; the operation was lost, so that the excess was too large, and more than 7,000 people were in debt. The total debt of 14,000 yuan is not the legendary debt of "more than 200,000" or "more than 100,000". Although Chiang Kai-shek was extremely difficult, his son Chiang Ching-kuo did not buy 15 yuan for new clothes. He had to ask his righteous brother Zhang Jingjiang for help, and with the consent of Sun Yat-sen, he filled in a "pit" of 2500 yuan.
As for Jiang being blocked by the creditor, he had plans to commit suicide. According to Wei Bozhen's "Shanghai Securities Exchange and Chiang Kai-shek" in the 49th volume of the "Selected Literary and Historical Materials", Chiang Kai-shek was in the Guangxi Army, and Zhou Junyan said: "After coming to Guizhou with Your Excellency, I hope to serve the country." He owed 200,000 yuan for arbitrage and committed suicide by jumping the Huangpu River twice.
Second, according to page 155 of Wei Bozhen's "Shanghai Securities Exchange and Chiang Kai-shek" in the 49th series of the "Selected Literature and History Materials", Sun Yat-sen avoided the Yongfeng ship in the June 16 Incident in 1922. Chiang Kai-shek heard the news and returned to Guangdong from Shanghai. Jiang asked Yu Qiaqing for funding, "At the beginning, Yu said that Jiang had collapsed the exchange and was still making trouble, and he could not agree. In the end of the negotiations, Yu promised that the exchange could come up with 60,000 yuan, but Jiang would not be able to give the money on the day he left Shanghai." This shows that Yu Qiaqing funded Jiang's 60,000 yuan, which has nothing to do with Jin Jinrong. Wei Bozhen was one of the directors of the Shanghai Securities and Articles Exchange at that time.
It is worth noting that Yu Qiaqing's funding of Chiang Kai-shek occurred about 2 months before Chiang borrowed money from Zhang Jingjiang. If Jiang threw himself into the Golden Rongmen in order to repay his debts, I am afraid that he would not need Yu Qiaqing's financial support. Yu Qiaqing did not dare to borrow 60,000 yuan to Jiang, who owed a huge amount of 100,000 or 200,000 yuan.
Shanghai Youth Gang Gangster - Jin Jinrong
Two. Chiang Kai-shek's cooperation with the Green Gang cannot be explained that he once "worshiped under the golden rongmen"
In the early years, Chiang Kai-shek did follow Chen Qimei and worked closely with the Green Gang. On page 15 of Tao Han's "Chiang Kai-shek and Modern China", it is recorded: "When they (referring to Chiang Kai-shek and students studying in Japan) arrived at the secret headquarters of the League, Chen Qimei was planning to attack the arsenal (Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau) located on the Chinese border of Shanghai, and the inspector Yamen in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, one hundred and forty-five kilometers away... Chen Qimei ordered Chiang Kai-shek to lead a 'death squad' composed of fishermen in Fenghua County and the Shanghai Green Gang and Red Gang congregations," "After Jiang returned to Shanghai, he found that his eldest brother Chen Qimei had been established as the governor of the Shanghai Army. It is said that Chen appointed Jiang as the commander of the 5th Regiment of the Shanghai Army. However, there were so many Japanese cadets returning to China to participate in the uprising, and it is more likely that Chen confessed that Chiang managed to keep the fishermen and congregation in his death squad, and then recruited soldiers in an attempt to build a disciplined force. ......”。
Jiang used the Qing gang to assassinate political opponents and even democrats; for example, in the Tao Chengzhang assassination incident, it is said that the other main assassin, Wang Zhuqing, was a member of the Qing Gang or the Hui Party. On page 21 of Tao Han's Chiang Kai-shek and Modern China, it is recorded: "In 2006, a copy of Chiang's diary (1918-1922) that Chiang's family handed over to the Hoover Institution Archives had more than a hundred pages edited—some edited by the family, some revised decades ago by Chiang himself or his son... It is very likely that it is related to the behavior or opinion of the Jiang family that is embarrassed or implicated, so there is a lot of speculation from all sides. "In 2008, a member of the Chiang family flatly stated that the amendments made by the family to Chiang's diary had absolutely no involvement in the Youth Gang, criminal activities or political incidents, and were only related to 'personal private affairs' and did not involve political issues." But even so, it is possible that the preceding category of records was deleted by Chiang himself or his son Chiang Ching-kuo." But this does not mean that he once worshiped under the golden rong.
Chiang Kai-shek and his savior, General Chen Geng
Three. When Chen Geng abandoned Jiang, Jiang no longer speculated in stocks
"Chen Geng abandons Chiang Kai-shek" comes from Major General Jin Yinan on June 13, 2011, in the Voice of China's Voice of China lecture on the China Broadcasting Network, "Why did Chiang Kai-shek's life-saving benefactor Chen Geng abandon Chiang Kai-shek", proposing that Chen Geng looked down on Chiang Kai-shek from the bottom of his heart, "Why do you look down on old Chiang Kai-shek?" A retired Kuomintang soldier who retired to Taiwan in 1949, a retired veteran general, sent a letter to Chen Geng's home, saying: My old squad leader looked down on Chiang Kai-shek and thought that Chiang Kai-shek turned on the radio to listen to the Shanghai stock market during the interval between operational commands, thinking that Chiang Kai-shek was not a real revolutionary" and "not the person he wanted to follow, so he finally abandoned Chiang Kai-shek." Later, General Jin Yinan published it in the 11th issue of "Party Building" in 2017 in "Why is the Party Flag So Red".
Domestic network about "Chen Geng abandoned Jiang"
According to General Jin Yinan, it should have occurred after the Second Crusade and before leaving Guangzhou, that is, from November 1925 to August 1926. Then, the following two points should be paid special attention to: First, Chen Geng's time around Jiang. Chen's time with Chiang was short, less than two months, and after the end of the Second Crusade in early November 1925, Chen Geng returned to the Whampoa Military Academy as the commander of the 9th Company of the 3rd Regiment of Enlisted Students, and was no longer with Chiang. In January 1926, as a representative of Hunan students of the Whampoa Military Academy, he also attended the Second National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang. The second is the period during which Chiang Kai-shek speculated in stocks. In April 1920, Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Guofu and others began to create a friendship company, and by October 12, 1922, Chiang Kai-shek decided to "dedicate himself to the revolution", and there is also a saying that it was the end of the shanghai exchange late at night on August 5, 1923, after dealing with the aftermath of the Shanghai Exchange. From the above historical data, it can be seen that after the end of the Crusade in November 1925 and leaving Guangzhou in September 1926, Chen Geng was not by Jiang's side, and Jiang had long since left the "sea of shares". How did Chen Geng see Chiang Kai-shek listening to the Shanghai stock market between battles?
The reason for Chen Geng's "abandonment of Chiang Kai-shek" should be that after the Zhongshan Incident in 1923, Chiang Kai-shek put forward the "case of sorting out party affairs" and demanded that "the Communist comrades in the Chinese Kuomintang temporarily withdraw from the Communist Party." Because Chen Geng believed in communism, he decided to disclose his identity as a communist, announced his resignation from the Kuomintang, and openly followed the Communist Party. It should be "abandoning the Kuomintang." This is similar to General Chen Geng's May 1944 book "My Autobiography": In September 1926, the party went to the Soviet Far East to learn about the armed uprising of the masses, stayed in the Red Army to read the moon, and returned to Shanghai in February 1927. This was obviously after the organization agreed to break away from the Kuomintang and then went to the Soviet Union to study.