Wang Dehou was in Tianjin in 1975
Wang Dehou (left) and Qian Liqun in Kaifeng Courtesy of Zhao Yuan Mr. Wang Dehou, born in January 1933, is a well-known expert in Lu Xun research. His books such as "Studies on the Book of Two Places", "Lu Xun and the Spirit of Chinese Culture", "Lu Xun's Inner Solution", "Lu Xun Taught Me" and "Lu Xun and Confucius" have all occupied a place in the history of Lu Xun's research since the "new period". Mr. Wang's most well-known contribution was to put forward and systematically discuss that "liren" is the core of Lu Xun's thought in 1981, when the centenary of Lu Xun's birth was born. In the words of Professor Sun Yu, this achievement of Mr. Wang has been cited by the academic community for nearly forty years, and "we are all quoting his views when we discuss the primary colors of Lu Xun's thought in modern times." In the view of Qian Liqun, an old friend who is also an expert in Lu Xun's research, Mr. Wang Dehou's achievements also include the study of the "Book of Two Places", the comparative study of Lu Xun and Confucius Thought, and the study of the similarities and differences between Lu Xun literature and left-wing literature. All of these are "real problems" and "big problems" in Lu Xun's research and the history of modern Chinese literature and thought.
Some of Mr. Dehou's explorations have been transformed into "common sense" and become "basic knowledge" about Lu Xun; but there are many more, because they are profound, unique and inappropriate, and their significance and value have yet to be fully understood. In view of this, on the occasion of the 140th anniversary of Lu Xun's birth, Mr. Qian Liqun compiled a collection of Lu Xun's research for Mr. Wang, "Lu Xun Research Notes" (Commercial Press, 2021), which is a collection of masterpieces that Mr. Dehou has been engaged in Lu Xun research for nearly half a century. Mr. Qian wrote a long introduction of more than 20,000 words, and then described Mr. Dehou and his people in the preface. Mr. Wang's writings and Mr. Qian's comments can be described as "complementary." Mr. Qian's "words of those who know people" can be seen everywhere in the book, and the ideological power of Mr. Wang's words is also more impressive.
We specially invited Two young scholars, Bao Guohua and Wang Fang, to write down the Posthumous Mr. Dehou in their minds, which not only shows the style of the predecessors as a human being, but also expresses their heartfelt blessings.
——Li Yuyang, Special Contributor (Lecturer, College of Literature, Beijing Normal University)
——Mr. Wang Dehou's "Lu Xun's Research Notes" reading
"Roots in man"
◎Bao Guohua (Professor, College of Literature, Tianjin Normal University)
The focus of the teacher after the post is "people"
On the eve of the New Year, the Commercial Press published the "Notes on Lu Xun's Research" selected by Teacher Qian Liqun, which selected the representative achievements of Lu Xun's research in different periods of the later teachers. Brother Li Yuyang, who was in charge of the matter, called me and asked me to write an article for the book, and without hesitation, I agreed to it, but my heart could not help but be worried. This is partly because I don't have a deep understanding of the work of The Queen's Teacher and lack of experience; half because many years ago, at the Back Sea, the teacher warned me and two friends who were traveling with me not to write any articles about him. A few days later, I received the e-book, read it, and felt the need to write an article. This is not only for the friendship between teachers and students in the past 20 years, but also for the fact that he was once again touched by his words and the human light behind him.
"Lu Xun's Research Notes" contains 20 papers and essays about Lu Xun since the 1980s, which is the essence of his decades of research. Lu Xun's research began to start anew in the early 1980s, accompanied and even led the style of the times' thinking. The older generation of scholars represented by Li Helin, Wang Yao, Tang Tao, and others, the "Mesozoic Generation" represented by Yan Jiayan, Fan Jun, and Wang Xin, and the "new generation" represented by Wang Dehou, Qian Liqun, and Wang Furen, several generations of scholars have formed a joint force and jointly created a brilliant era of Lu Xun's research and modern Chinese literature research. Among the Lu Xun researchers who rose up in the 1980s, the posthumous teachers appeared to be somewhat special: their age was close to that of the "Mesozoic Generation", and their academic concepts were similar to those of the "New Generation". The study of Lu Xun by that generation or generations of scholars has its own emphasis, or Hengwen, or on history, or reasoning, or on narration, and the focus of the later teachers is on "people". "The Roots are in People" (Lu Xun's "TheOry of Cultural Partiality") is his discovery of the origin of Lu Xun's thought, and it has also become the starting point of his series of studies.
In the "Inscription of "Lu Xun Teaches Me", Teacher Wang Dehou found out from all of Lu Xun's works and translations that he took "Li Ren" as the starting point and center, and put forward 20 interrelated theories accordingly, which can be called a "Lu Xun Renxue Thought Outline". This series of theses stems from decades of reading and thinking by the teacher, and is also a powerful response to the question of whether Lu Xun has thoughts. Today, it seems that the discussion of Lu Xun's thought with "people" as the starting point seems bland, but it is just common sense. For example, Lu Xun's text, which is most often quoted in the works of the later teacher, "One is to survive, the second is to have food and clothing, and the third is to develop" ("Sudden Thought", 5-6). However, in an era of ignoring or even violating common sense, it takes extraordinary wisdom and courage to think about and summarize common sense and insist on speaking to common sense. The first lu xun research work officially published by the teacher was "The Study of the Book of Two Places" (1982). Compared with Lu Xun's novels, prose poems and essays, which attracted much attention at that time, the Book of Two Places is undoubtedly more personal. Starting from the proofreading of Lu Xun's Xu Guang Pingyuan Letter and the officially published "Book of Two Places", the book raises a series of important questions, which of course stems from his work at the Lu Xun Museum in Beijing, which has the convenience of information, but also lies in the long-term concern for Lu Xun and his "Liren" thought, which has generated a unique sense of problems and strives to make new discoveries in private texts that researchers pay less attention to. From this point of view, the study of Lu Xun by the later teacher not only has ideological significance, but also has the significance of intellectual history.
Illuminate the way forward for fellow travelers and future generations
Researchers who are immersed in a research object or research field for a long time will often unconsciously brand it, not only forming their own knowledge structure, but also shaping their personality. The same is true of the latter teacher's study of Lu Xun and Lu Xun. He studied Lu Xun all his life, was familiar with Lu Xun's works, and quoted Lu Xun's words more or less in almost all of his writings, which was not deliberate, but a kind of ease and ease. Lu Xun's writings have long been internalized in the spiritual depths of Teacher Dehou, but he is not a scholar hidden behind Lu Xun, covered by Lu Xun's words and the light of human nature.
After the teacher studied Lu Xun, he obtained light from Lu Xun, and also used the light of his own life to illuminate Lu Xun and the world of Lu Xun's research, illuminating the way forward for his peers and future generations.
His academic works, such as "Lu Xun's New Solution" and "Lu Xun Taught Me", including the just-published "Lu Xun Research Notes", the title of the book is plain and introverted, reflecting the humility of scholars. However, the titles of several miscellaneous essays published after retirement, such as "Dying Struggle Collection", "Where Have I Gone", and "The KnifeMan Has a Way", are even more sharp. After the teacher was to Lu Xun, it can be said that he had his writing and his people, the former formed his gentle and free disposition, and the latter cast his ancient straight and hard wind bone. "Li Ren" is the starting point, destination and center of Lu Xun's thought, and it is also the starting point, destination and center of the thought of the later teacher. It can be said that the discovery and interpretation of Lu Xun's "Liren" thought has shaped the personality of the latter teacher as a researcher; and the pursuit of the personality realm of Guangming Wei'an has enabled him to discover and interpret Lu Xun's "Liren" thought with unique eyes and unique wisdom.
"The root is in the person" is not only the origin of the later teacher's study of Lu Xun, but also his lifelong spiritual pursuit.
Gain self-experience and self-reflection from Lu Xun's research
In the history of Lu Xun's research for more than a hundred years, some researchers have gradually lost their egos, and some researchers have tried to eliminate Lu Xun. A history of Lu Xun's research has thus become a history of changes in modern Chinese thought and culture, and has also become a spiritual history of all kinds of intellectuals or self-experience, self-reflection, or self-confession, self-ostentation, and self-expansion. In this way, it is not an exaggeration to regard Lu Xun and Lu Xun's research as a mirror for modern Chinese intellectuals. Obviously, the latter teacher is a person who has gained self-experience and self-reflection from Lu Xun's research. He once commented on Mr. Li Helin: "Master He Lin's study of Lu Xun is unique. Lu Xun was the object of his research and his faith. Humanities, at the juncture of historical transformation, a writer conforms to the times, advocates new value orientations based on human nature and humanity, puts forward a series of values, and his research is limited to the level of knowledge, limited to historical resources, limited to paper speech is far from enough; it is necessary to burn yourself into it, from ideals, theories to feelings honestly interpreted, absorbing new values and value orientations, in order to benefit people and me, is a real study. ("Teacher Li Helin and Lu Xun") Researchers should "burn themselves into it", which is not only a summary of Mr. Li Helin's academic thought, but also a self-guidance of the teacher's master.
I have known teacher Dehou for 20 years, and every time I come to the door to seek advice, as usual, while tasting bowls of tea, I listen to him talk about Lu Xun, talk about the experience of being a Chinese teacher in Qinghai Highway School and being a worker in the heat treatment workshop of Tianjin Machine Repair Factory. If you are as reserved as me, you can relax quickly. The reason why I have always called him a post-teacher instead of a teacher Is partly because my master's and doctoral supervisors are surnamed Wang, for the sake of distinction; half because of this indescribable closeness.
The most recent meeting was in the early summer of 2019, before the outbreak. Because of the eye disease, he could no longer see my face clearly, and could only judge people by voice. As usual, I covered a bowl of tea, and at lunch I didn't forget to order myself a bowl of fried sauce noodles. This winter, he and Teacher Zhao Yuan moved into the Taikang apartment. Since the outbreak of the epidemic, it has been rare for me to enter Beijing, and it is even more difficult for me to enter the Taikang apartment, and I have been separated from my teacher for two years and have not been able to get together. Sincerely and fearfully wrote this small article that did not look like a thing, looking forward to going to Beijing to celebrate his birthday, and also tasting bowls of tea together, eating fried sauce noodles, and talking about Lu Xun.
Let's start with the big book at the defense meeting
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◎Wang Fang (Assistant Researcher, Institute of Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
This book makes the edition proofreading flesh and blood
To tell the truth, I don't have many opportunities to kiss Mr. Hot, it is said that I am not qualified to write such an article, the reason why I started writing, or because my doctoral dissertation defense is the last time Mr. Hou participated, I was too impressed, I can see these precious and interesting photos, it is also the meaning of the existence of this small article, and I hope that Mr. Don't blame it.
Since Mr. Wang Yao, Teacher Dehou has had close contacts with generations of scholars at Peking University, especially Lu Xun researchers, and his works are also the love of generations of modern literature students at Peking University. I remember the earliest in the library after mr. "Research", at that time felt that the author is really delicate, large paragraphs of changes aside, especially from the change of a word, a sentence of deletion to see the secret and major changes, such as Xu Guangping's letter in the "secret nest" was replaced by "Zunfu", is hidden "secret Chichen" and so on, when young is always easy to pay attention to these small things, but also by the way, this book makes the edition proofreading flesh and blood.
Many years later, I went to An Zhenli to receive Mr. Hou coming to Peking University to attend the seminar of Mr. Hideyoshi Kiyama's new book, and the most impressive thing was a small matter. At noon, I received a message from Mr. Dehou, asked me if I had lunch, I said that I was eating ramen noodles in the Oriental Palace downstairs, Mr. Zhao replied that he and Teacher Zhao Yuan often ate there, the noodles were particularly good, I knew that I had eaten together, "Old Mr." so lively and informal, I suddenly put down a nervous mood.
This time in order to write a small article I looked through the mailbox again - my memory is simply worse than the old man - it turned out that Mr. Dehou used a huge number of words and my "Yi Mei'er" (Mr. Dehou language) to exchange, after the seminar also sent an email to ask, I asked mr. Kiyama what is the question, he did not hear clearly at the time, I sent truthfully, is about Mr. Kiyama 'unjust prison drama' statement a little thinking, did not expect Mr. Dehou to come to a long letter to discuss with me, unfortunately my ancient poetry level is limited, not well discussed, Now the corner of this memory that was sealed in the dust because of shame has suddenly been opened, which really caught me off guard.
Become an intellectual resource for criticism and checks and balances
The memory of crossing this "broken file" and meeting Mr. Dehou again was the day I replied. Mr. Dehou was not only often invited by Teacher Chen Pingyuan to peking university to give speeches and dialogues, but also a "regular guest" of Mr. Chen's student defense meeting, that day Mr. Qian Liqun, Sun Yu, Lu Jiande, Wang Zhongchen and several other gentlemen came together, everything was as usual, who knew but made an unexpected "statement".
I remember that before the defense began, in a chaotic sound, Mr. Dehou sat down with a cute smile as usual, but what came out of the bag was not a paper with a blue cover printed with the emblem of Peking University, but a thick pile of printing paper, A3 so big, neatly bound with thread, Mr. Dehou pushed his glasses and frowned, turned such a large book into the middle, almost put the tip of his nose up, and looked at it for a long time.
Mr. bad eyesight, Teacher Chen has been informed in advance, but the scene to see their own paper was made so "magnificent", I was still surprised, perhaps heard everyone's discussion, Mr. put down the book to explain, recently the eyes are getting worse and worse, reading the paper can only enlarge the words, print out one by one to see, but this is too tired, the speed is too slow, although very hard to see, but so far has not read all, very sorry, so this is probably the last doctoral dissertation defense he participated in. At that moment, my emotions were particularly complicated, first, I was moved, but more than that, I didn't want to go, and I couldn't imagine that the teacher would announce that he would no longer participate in the defense because he couldn't finish reading my thesis (!). At that time, my intuition was to say that it didn't matter, but I still held back, and I understood that this had nothing to do with my thesis, it was the teacher's strict requirements for himself.
In retrospect, I began the defense with such mixed feelings that day. Fortunately, Mr. Dehou is still quite interested in my topic, and like Teacher Qian Liqun, he has always paid attention to the trends of Lu Xun's research and the update of the knowledge structure of young researchers. At the meeting, he asked several questions, and the one that impressed me the most was about Lu Xun's attitude toward evolution, and Mr. Hou pointed out that although Lu Xun's thinking has always changed, he has never given up on evolution. Of course, I agree with this, but at that time I had not yet read his article "The Difference between Lu Xun and Cheng Imitation", it was not clear what Mr. Lu Xun's line of thought was concerned about evolution, and after replying to it, I felt that Mr. Hou was directly facing the core of Lu Xun's thought: he singled out "Lu Xun's left-wing thought" from the general left-wing thought, emphasizing that Lu Xun's left-wing thought was to guard against the struggle of "you die and I live", and on the contrary, advocated that "revolution is not to teach people to die but to teach people to live", and evolution is one of its characteristics and roots. And thus rejects the mechanical division of Lu Xun in the early and late stages, emphasizing the coherence of Lu Xun's thought from the perspective of human nature—in this line of thinking, the significance of evolutionary theory is to confirm the existence of "human nature" (as a continuation of "animality") from a scientific point of view, and "human nature" will relativize "class nature" and become an ideological resource of criticism and checks and balances.
It expressed a concern about Lu Xun's current research
Unlike me, who takes knowledge as the starting point, mr. Dehou's discussion is based on the root of life experience. In this sense, many of Lu Xun's key problems have been internalized into their own problems, so they will not be satisfied with exploring one branch at a time, but will have to break into the roots of culture and reality. Like several old gentlemen who studied Lu Xun, Mr. Dehou also expressed a concern about the current study of Lu Xun, that is, excessive dailyization of Lu Xun, in fact, today we do need to face the practical significance of Lu Xun's legacy.
After that, the teacher gave an example that moved me as a woman. "The rise of the new culture has been a hundred years this year, and for a hundred years, the solid and comprehensive achievements are only vernacular. The 'equality of men and women' in the new culture is still extremely unsatisfactory. Needless to say, even in the largest cities in the north, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, women's employment, salary, and status in the family and society are still lower than those of men. Extreme social injustice is that after the mother is conceived, if it is detected that it is a woman, the phenomenon of 'doing it' is not unique. Not to mention other areas that are more difficult to reform. ("On the Cultural Heritage of Lu Xun...") Seeing the reality and counting the heritage can touch on Lu Xun's core problems, and I often look at Lu Xun's descendants from the perspective of "birds, beasts, insects and fish", and I need mr. Hou's kind words at the right time, reflect on myself, and examine the direction and significance of my own study.
Some people have commented that Mr. Hou's Lu Xun research method is "to lu to solve lu". I think that this evaluation is appropriate in terms of Mr. Dehou's familiarity, understanding, and use of materials, and Mr. Dehou himself points out the deep heart behind the appearance of "method": "Exhausting oneself and fishing is to prevent oneself from neglecting oneself because he only knows one and does not know the other, and also to see through the unintentional or intentional behavior of taking the meaning out of context, concealing and distorting Lu Xun, and deceiving the public for his own selfish interests." ...... Read through and read more of Lu Xun's original works, do your best to fish, as long as you have an honest heart, you will not deceive yourself. ("How Do We Know Lu Xun Today") "Exhaustive and fishing" reading, the purpose is to be honest and not deceitful to people to themselves, mr. Hou can be described as the true essence of Lu Xun, for our young scholars, this reading method is not only the golden needle of learning, but also the antidote to theoretical practice and faith fanaticism.
As for Mr. Dehou himself, I only read his self-description "Five Accidents in My Life" after I came to the Institute of Literature, and this article I noted in WeChat was "The last accident is the most moving". In order to write this small article in the past two days, I was still moved by it, "When I finished reading Mr. Li Helin's "Life and Essays of Lu Xun", I was worried about him. Some of the 'criticism of the stink' point of view, he is still the same. His experience is understandable. I couldn't bear him to repeat the mistakes of the past, so I wrote him a long letter with specific opinions. My purpose is not to discuss the issue, and I have not meant to know Mr. Li in this way. I did not write out the mailing address and did not want Mr. Li to reply to the letter. Mr. Li Helin admired Mr. Dehou's kindness and talent, did not believe in the restriction of birth, and ran around for Mr. Dehou's work, and finally took him with him to solve. The two people who didn't know each other at all, because Lu Xun was related, worried and appreciated each other, neither of them had any selfish distractions, and I think this is why Mr. Dehou made me feel kind- he really has a pure heart.
It was written like a running account, my memory gradually recovered, and together it became clear, as well as Mr. Dehou's lively smiling face, I really wanted to find an opportunity to visit him quickly, talk to him about Lu Xun, and listen to him talk about himself.