There is a lot of water on the earth, the area of the earth's ocean accounts for 71% of the total area of the earth, from the perspective of space, the earth is a water balloon, scientists have calculated that the total amount of water on the earth is 1.386 billion cubic kilometers, of which 96.5% are in the ocean, and the rest are polar glaciers, groundwater, land rivers and lakes and water in the atmosphere.
Relative to Mercury, Mars and other planets, the existence of water on the earth is obvious, because in the entire solar system only the surface of the earth has liquid water, other planets have no liquid water on the surface, but this does not mean that there is no water on other planets, water can exist in liquid, solid, gaseous state in nature, in fact, only in the solar system there are many planets on the water volume beyond the earth, let's first look at the following figure:
The picture above is the case of some planets with more water content in the solar system, the water content of the earth is located between Enceladus and Europa, although these planets are much smaller than the size of the earth, but their water content is not less than the earth, for example, the amount of water of Europa is almost double that of the earth, and the amount of water of Ganymede and Titan is much more than the earth, but because their surface is too cold, water can only exist in the form of ice, and the lower part of their crust, at a depth of tens or hundreds of kilometers, They all have huge liquid oceans, which are more than the amount of water in the Earth's oceans, and even many scientists believe that there are likely to be alien deep-sea creatures in them.
Europa's stellar structure
However, the planet with the most water content in the solar system is not Europa, Uranus, Neptune, Saturn, Jupiter above the water are more than Ganymede, but the form of water is also different from the liquid water on the earth, these planets have a large number of ice crystals in the atmosphere, and Uranus and Neptune also have a very high temperature compressed by gravity, and the amount of water is much more than the Earth's oceans.
Uranus astral structure
Scientists believe that water is likely to be a ubiquitous substance in the universe, also because hydrogen and oxygen are common in the universe, and these two elements are easily combined into water molecules, so our universe may not be short of water.
Structure diagram of water molecules with monooxydihydrogen
In the solar system, many asteroids and comets also have water ice, and the formation of Earth's oceans is thought to be related to comet impacts on Earth.
So which celestial body in the universe is known to have the most water? The object with the most known water is a quasar, designated APM 08279+5255, which is 140 trillion times the total water volume of Earth's oceans, and is called "the largest reservoir in the universe" known by scientists.
Quasars are giants in the universe, its core is a black hole, the outer part is the black hole gravitational absorption of matter appears when the accretion disk, APM 08279 +5255 is 12 billion light years away from us, the interior of this quasar is a giant black hole equivalent to the mass of the sun 20 billion times, the outer is a huge accretion disk, spanning thousands of light-years, of which the presence of water vapor can be observed in the range of hundreds of light-years, Scientists conservatively estimate that it carries at least 140 trillion times the amount of water in Earth's oceans.
There may be many friends will have doubts about how to determine the existence of water in the celestial body 12 billion light years away, in fact, as long as the light transmitted can be observed, the light can be separated by a prism or diffraction grating, you can get its spectral color, the light of different substances is different, then the comparison can know what kind of material emits the light, and through the content of the spectrum in the transmitted light can judge the content of the substance.
NASA astrophysicist Matt Bradford said: "The fact that there is such a large amount of water around this black hole confirms once again the fact that water was ubiquitous in the universe, even in the early days of the formation of the universe." "Because the image we observe of APM 08279+5255 is not now, but what it was 12 billion years ago, when the universe was just 1.6 to 1.8 billion years old.
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