It's about 12.5 light-years away, but from a cosmological point of view, it's somewhere down the street.
Astronomers have announced that they have found two planets with nearly the same mass as Earth within the habitable range of a star, which is not far from Earth from a cosmological point of view.
Living in the habitable star belt — also known as the "blonde belt" — it's not too close to the star, and water can reach a boiling point (relative to Earth's air pressure); or it's so far away that everything is frozen; and in the middle, it's just right there. In other words, water exists primarily on the surface in a liquid state, just like our oceans.
The star, known as The Star of Tigaden, is only 12.5 light-years from the Sun and is the 24th closest star to the Sun. It is a very low-mass star, called a red dwarf, and as a star, it may be close to its lowest mass.
It is about one-tenth the diameter of the Sun, has a mass of only 8.9% of the Sun, and is only 0.00073 times brighter than the Sun. This makes it appear very faint in Earth's night sky — about 15 levels that require a fairly configured telescope to distinguish — and was therefore not discovered until 2003.
The planet is actually close to the star, but that's okay because it's not superheated. Its temperature is about 2380 degrees Celsius to 2630 degrees Celsius, while the temperature of the sun is 5500 degrees Celsius.
Yes, Cenozoic red dwarfs
These planets were discovered with an instrument called Caraato, which uses a near-infrared and optical Ochell spectrometer to search for extraterrestrial M dwarfs by high resolution... Or Simply Carmen. It's an extremely sensitive probe installed on the Telescope at the Cala'ato Observatory in southern Spain to search for new alien worlds, possibly similar to Earth's orbit around very cold red dwarfs.
Scientists estimate that Tigaden's stars are at least 8 billion years old, or twice the age of the Sun. This means that any planet orbiting it is almost as old as it is; Earth, by contrast, is a baby, only 4.5 billion years old. Imagine a civilization that has twice as long an evolutionary time... Probably won't destroy yourself by fighting for small pieces of green paper.
Note that the announcement, published in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics, emphasizes that "they are the size of the Earth, not Earth-like, which is an important distinction." Complex life forms with special adaptations to extreme conditions are not necessarily excluded. ”
Another study by researchers at the University of California shows that when we look at whether the Earth is habitable for human habitation, there is another thing to consider if it can support liquid water at surface temperatures. Now the technology used to detect these planets has improved: Does the planet have a toxic atmosphere?
Edward Schwieterman, the study's lead author, studied toxic atmospheres on exoplanets located in habitable zones and spoke on the discoveries of the two Earth-sized planets.
"It was definitely a very exciting discovery," Schwittmann said. "At the very least, these planets orbiting the stars of Tigaden are the starting point for future searches for microbial life." In addition, if we place Earth in the same position as the planets around Thegaden star, that is, much colder and much redder than the Sun, our toxic atmosphere is harmful to humans and higher animals. ”
Still, Schwittman said the newly discovered planet may be more conducive to the search for extraterrestrial life.
"I don't rule out the special case of complex life forms that can adapt to extreme conditions, but I am skeptical that humans can breathe the atmosphere under the stars here."
"Ultimately, we should put all these predictions into a strong test with future observations," Schwittmann said.
The chart shows the orbital model of Tigaden's star and its two newly discovered planets (Pictured: Andreas Hogard/University of Göttingen)
The inner planet, called Tigaden Star B, orbits for only 4.9 days, or a week in which it rotates less than Earth's day. Showing a circular orbit, the planet is about 3.8 million kilometers away from the star. Compared to Mercury, Mercury orbits the Sun for about 60 million kilometers.
The second planet, Tigarden Star C, orbits the star every 11.4 days, about 6.6 million kilometers away from the star, and both planets have a mass of 1.1 to 1.25 times that of Earth.
Based on the current actual data, astronomers have calculated that Tigarden Star B receives 1.15 times more energy from its star than Earth gets from the Sun, while Planet C gets about 0.37 times their energy, so they are all in habitable star bands.
This is indeed worth looking forward to, but, realistically, both Venus and Mars are located in habitable zones near the Sun and unable to evolve life, whether complex or other.
Note: The competition for "small pieces of green paper" refers to the drive and temptation of money and profits on human (commercial) behavior, and is not limited to war.
BY: Scott Snowden
FY: Jane
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