Speaking of the Song Dynasty, Chinese had very complicated feelings, liked it, said that it was economically developed and culturally prosperous, and even Chen Yinke said:
"The culture of the Chinese nation, which has evolved over thousands of years, was created in the world of Zhao and Song dynasties."
What does not like it is naturally because of its cowardice and humiliation to the outside world, and for more than three hundred years it has been filled with vassalage, tribute, land cutting, surrender, and escape... Such a humiliating history is really unbearable!
Many people know that the two Song Dynasties died in Jurchen and Mongolia respectively, but in fact, the two "devils" of Jurchen and Mongolia were actually "invited to the door" by the two Song Dynasties themselves.
First of all, in order to destroy the Liao, the Northern Song Dynasty sent people to the northeast to contact the Jurchens, and the north and south attacked the Liaoguo, which was really a trick of "attracting the tiger to drive the wolf", and as a result, the lips were cold and the old enemy Liaoguo was destroyed, and the Northern Song Was directly exposed to the sharp teeth of the JinGuo, which immediately triggered the "shame of Jingkang".
However, the historical lessons of the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty did not give any enlightenment to the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty, and after the rise of Mongolia, the stupid Southern Song Dynasty actually sent emissaries to sign a "covenant" with Mongolia again to attack the Jin Dynasty, and the result was to repeat the same mistakes again!
Jumping into the same pit twice in a row, among the Chinese dynasties, except for the Song Dynasty, there is really no one!
This one originated from the self-righteous "Daojun Emperor", Emperor Huizong of Song.
Emperor Huizong of Song was a controversial historical figure who was so incompetent as emperor that he personally destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, but he was also an artist who pushed the art of Chinese painting and calligraphy to the pinnacle.
However, the identity of the "artist" is after all amateurish, and Song Huizong is first and foremost a monarch who is responsible for the country and the nation at the same time to himself and thousands of royal families, and should have at least political common sense, but unfortunately, he does not.
The generations of kings before Emperor Huizong of Song had a "political ideal" that they had never forgotten, that is, to retake the "Youyun Sixteen Prefectures" occupied by the Liao State, and even more importantly, to eliminate the foreign regimes established by the Khitans since the late Tang Dynasty, but they all failed, and it was impossible to achieve the Northern Song Dynasty alone.
This "ideal" that has been handed down from generation to generation of Emperor Huizong of Song should have been revised "with the times", because during this period, in the far northeast, a potential enemy that was more terrible than the Liao state, Jurchen, rose rapidly under the leadership of a generation of tyrants, Yan Akuta.
Jurchen is a very ancient people, many tribes are distributed in the northeast and the northeast of present-day Russia, they are hunting and fishing for a living, very primitive and fierce, all men must be proficient in shooting and hunting skills from an early age, this is not only a single technique, but also a "paramilitary" tactical skill that requires all tribal hunters to act collectively!
In order to obtain the greatest harvest, the Jurchen hunters formed a "war group" according to highly militarized standards, selected the most experienced leader, and marched, reconnaissance, tracking, lurking, hunting, pursuing... In this scene, other ethnic groups only need to master the skills that the army needs, but the Jurchen men (even women) have been accustomed to it since childhood, and the combat effectiveness of this "hunting team" is even far more terrifying than the "elite troops" of other nationalities!
Later generations of Jurchen famous "Eight Banners" military system, in fact, very early in the Jurchen ancestors in the daily hunting came into being, the Northern Song Dynasty called "Meng'an Muke" system, is a pure natural "military organization", they are usually raising wives, children and tribal members "civilians", once there is a war, they can immediately be transformed into "warriors" who attack the city!
These peoples who are united in the military and the people do not understand at all what "morality and truth" can be written in words, and their "truth" is the naked law of the jungle of the law of the jungle, so for a nation that has entered a "civilization", it is undoubtedly a disaster to be neighborly with such a nation.
The Khitan people understood this truth long ago, and with great fear issued the prophecy that "Jurchens will not be full of ten thousand, and full of ten thousand will run rampant in the world", fortunately, due to the backwardness of the productive forces, the Jurchens have been scattered everywhere for a long time, and they cannot form terrible forces, so the northeast territory of the Liao State has always been "stable". But unfortunately, the nemesis of the Liao Kingdom (also the Northern Song Dynasty) has arrived!
Under the leadership of Yan Akuta, Jurchen established the "Dajin" regime and first launched a "rebellion" against the Liao state, and the Liao state sent hundreds of thousands of troops to repeatedly fail, and "Shangjing" and "Zhongjing" fell one after another.
The Northern Song Dynasty also sensed the "abnormality" of its old enemy, the Liao State, but did not know why the Liao State was declining, so it sent the traitorous minister Tong Guan in "Water Margin" to make the Liao State "spy", and as a result, Tong Guan brought back from the Liao State a "treasure" that made the Northern Song Dynasty ruined the noble horse value.
After Ma Wei came to the Northern Song Dynasty, he told Emperor Huizong of Song that the Liao State had lost its division and was about to lose its country because of the Jurchen attack, and instigated the Song Hui Sect to send emissaries to go deep into the White Mountains and Black Water, sign a pact with the Jurchens, and jointly attack the Liao State, and it would definitely be destroyed!
Ma Yuan's words immediately ignited the "dream" that had been passed down from generation to generation in the heart of Emperor Huizong of Song, the Daojun Emperor who had always believed in the Taoist "rule by doing nothing", at this time also thought of a "hegemonic" addiction, so he really sent a mission with Ma Yuan as the right envoy, went north to the northeast, and allied with Guanyan Aku.
The next thing was very simple, the moribund Liao state was soon overwhelmed by the Song and Jin attacks from the north and south and collapsed, and the remaining Khitan tribes, under the leadership of Prince Yelü Dashi, moved west and established a famous "Western Liao" regime in Central Asian history.
After the Jurchens looted Youzhou (present-day Beijing) and ceded it to the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Huizong of song also shamelessly celebrated his "immortal deeds", but at this time, Jurchen's covetous eyes had already turned to this great Song Dynasty, which was far richer and more prosperous than the Liao state!
Seeing this, many people may have a hypothesis: if Emperor Huizong of Song had not made such a stupid strategic mistake and had not joined hands with the Jurchens to destroy the Liao, the Liao state would not have perished so easily, and the Northern Song Dynasty would not have the "shame of Jingkang".
In fact, the reason for the demise of the Liao State did not have much to do with the participation of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Even if the Northern Song Dynasty joined forces with the Jurchens to send troops, the effect played was also very limited, don't look at the Liao State can not withstand the Jurchen army, but in the face of the Song army that took advantage of the fire and robbery and sneaked into Youzhou, the Liao army could still easily repel them, and even there was a proposition within the Liao State, that is, "lose the East Corner, harvest the Mulberry Yu", what does it mean? That is, if the Jurchens continue to invade the south, then the Liao State will simply invade the Great Song Dynasty!
The incompetence of the Song army, even the ally Jurchen, was greatly shocked, so that before the Liao state had perished, Jurchen had a new "invasion plan".
Therefore, the Northern Song Dynasty actually played a small role in the war to destroy the Liao State, in other words, even if the Northern Song Dynasty did not make a strategy of "joint gold attack on the Liao", but watched the fire from the other side, the Jurchens could still quickly attack the Liao State and hit the door of the Northern Song Dynasty!
It sounds frustrating, but that's the truth.
So, is it possible for the Northern Song Dynasty to continue to survive? Of course, there are still some, which requires the strategic vision of Song Huizong.
If Emperor Huizong of Song could see that Jurchen was the more terrible enemy of the Great Song, then he should reach a friendly cooperation with the Liao State and give assistance, as long as the Liao State resisted the Jurchen, it would naturally keep the security of the Great Song.
Unfortunately, the stupid and short-sighted Song Huizong did not have such a strategic vision and broad-mindedness, and in the end he could only accept such a strange shame and humiliation as "the shame of Jingkang"!
To learn more about the song dynasty story, you can check out this book of Yuan Tengfei's "Two Song Dynasties" to interpret the stories between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty.
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Two Song Dynasty storms
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