Welcome to the [Fat Happy] channel, today let's take a look at the following content. It can be said that in ancient Chinese myths and legends, Houyi is quite divine, he can shoot down nine suns with a bow and arrow, save all people in the depths of the water, and can be regarded as a first-class hero. Houyi is also known as Yi, Dayi, Yiyi, etc., there are many records of Houyi in ancient books, but most of them are only a few words, quite scattered, and under careful study, you will find that he seems to have a different identity. Today, Liu Shijun will come to talk to you about the dual identity of Houyi.
The hero of the sun
First of all, let's talk about the image of houyi's hero in myths and legends. The story of the post-eclipse sun has a gradual process of formation, which
There are two other records of Houyi in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, one is that Yi fought with chiseled teeth, and Yi shot the chisels holding shields and spears with a bow and arrow. Chiseled teeth, some people think it is a human, some people think it is a monster, and the common feature is that it has long teeth, like a chisel. Guo Pu of the Jin Dynasty believed that Yi Xiafan's task in helping the people was to kill chisels and seals. The other is to say that the tall Kunlun Mountain is the residence of the Heavenly Emperor in the human world, there are nine gates on the mountain, the door is guarded by enlightened beasts, and there are many gods and immortals living inside. Only Houyi can climb this mountain.
The enlightened beast in the Classic of Mountains and Seas
In addition, there are ten suns in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, "There is Fuso on Yutani, bathed in ten days, and in the north of Black Tooth." In the water, there are large trees, nine days to live in the lower branch, one day to live in the upper branch. "It's about a big tree called Fuso in this place in Yutani. Ten suns take turns rising here, one rising on the branches of a large tree, and the other nine hiding in the water beneath the tree. These ten suns were born to Emperor Jun's wife Xi He. "Xi He, the wife of Emperor Jun, is born for ten days." Xihe is also the sun god, and legend has it that he drives a sun cart pulled by six dragons every day to speed through the sky and shine on the earth.
In the "Zhuangzi Collection", there is a cloud in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, "Shoot for nine days, and fall into Wojiao." Although there is no such record in the present "Classic of Mountains and Seas", it can be seen that the framework and background setting of the story of Houyi Shooting Day are basically established in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas".
Some pre-Qin literature began to appear in the post-Yi shooting sun. For example, Chu Ci's "Heavenly Question" has: "Yi Yan Yi Day? Uchiha? "Reading it is the meaning of shooting." In the Han Dynasty, Liu An's "Huainanzi" finally perfected the myth of houyi shooting sun. The book reads:
At the time of Yao, the ten days came out at the same time, scorching the crops and killing the grass and trees, and the people had nothing to eat. Hedgehogs, chiseled teeth, nine babies, gales, sealed pigs, and snakes are all harmful to the people. Yao Nai made Yi Jie chisel his teeth in the wilderness of Huahua, killed nine babies on the fierce water, surrendered the wind to the Green Hills, shot up and down for ten days to kill the hedgehogs, cut off the snakes in the cave garden, sealed the birds in the mulberry forest, and all the people were happy, and yao thought that he was the son of heaven.
It is said that during the time of Emperor Yao, ten suns appeared in the sky and dried up the crops, and the people had nothing to eat. Some monsters, such as hedgehogs, chiseled teeth, nine babies, gales, sealed pigs, and snakes, also came out to harm people. Yao Paiyi destroyed all these monsters and shot down all ten suns in the sky. The common people were very happy, and they all embraced Yao as the Son of Heaven, and Houyi was thus named the god of Zongbu, that is, the god of eliminating disasters.
There is a problem here, Yi shot down ten suns, there is not a single sun left in the sky, and it is estimated that the people will not be happy. Therefore, in the commentary quoted in the Chu Ci Zhangju Shu Zhen, it is said that the record in the Huainan Zi is: "Yao Shi came out of the ten days, the grass and trees were scorched, and Yao Ming Yi shot up for ten days, in the middle of the nine days, and the nine Wu in the middle of the day were dead, and fell on their wings, so they left it for one day." ”
The ancients believed that a three-legged crow in the sun was called a three-legged crow, also known as a three-legged crow or golden crow. It is also said that the sun was lifted into the sky by crows. Just as the jade rabbit or toad is a symbol of the moon, the crow is a symbol of the sun. So when the sun is shot, there will be crows falling down. The image of the three-legged ugo also spread to Japan, where it was called Yatsura. Reading paper is a unit of length, and eight crows mean huge crows. Legend has it that during emperor Shenmu's eastern expedition, Yatsura wu once gave him directions.
The image of the three-legged Wu in the Han Dynasty portrait bricks
Why are there ten suns in the sky? The ancients were also quite puzzled by this, some people think that the ten days refers to the ten days from A to the decoction, some people think that there is a sun-like demon in the sky, and some people think that Houyi really just shot down nine crows. Our old friend Liu Xiang said, "I tasted the 10th of April and came out together." ”
According to the legend of Houyi, in addition to shooting the sun and shooting monsters, there are also shooting wind bo and river bo. In the "Huainan Honglie Solution", it is said: "The wind is a bad man's house, and he shoots him in the knee." "The story of the River Shooter is even more interesting. Chu Ci's "Heavenly Questions" has Yi "Hu Zhifu Hebo, and his wife Pi Luo concubine?" The saying means that Houyi not only shot and injured Hebo, but also took over Hebo's wife Luo Concubine.
Legend has it that Hebo transformed into a white dragon playing by the water's edge and was blinded by an arrow from Houyi in his left eye. Hebo was very aggrieved and went to the Heavenly Emperor to complain about Houyi's situation. The Heavenly Emperor said that you are a god, and Houyi really should not offend you, but who made you turn into a white dragon. Houyi thought it was just a worm beast, so he shot an arrow, which was not to blame Houyi. Not only did he shoot one of Hebo's eyes, "Yi Youmeng and Luo Shui Shen Mi Concubine handed over." "Yi shoots and kills Hebo, and takes his wife Luo Shi." Mi here reads Fu, Mi Fei is Luoshen, the daughter of the legendary Fuxi clan, because she drowned in Luoshui, became Luoshen, that is, the protagonist of Cao Zhi's "Luoshenfu". Empress Wenzhao Zhen of Cao Pi was known as Zhen Mi by later generations, which is also how she came.
Song facsimile gu kaizhi's "Roselle Futu" part
The leader of the failure
Judging from the "Zuo Zhuan" and "History of Justice" and other data, Houyi is likely to be a real historical figure. He is the leader of a tribe of poor clans, and the poor of the poor clan, not that this tribe is particularly poor. There were leaders of the Poor Clan who held the post of Archery before Emperor Zhao and continued until the Xia Dynasty.
Xia Qi worked hard to establish the Xia Dynasty, and after his death passed the throne to his son Taikang. Unexpectedly, Taikang was a loser, and he knew all day that hunting and fun, the people were very resentful, and there was a huge crisis in the emerging Xia Dynasty. At this time, the leader of the poor tribe was Yi, who was good at shooting with long arms and was very popular with his subjects. Once, Taikang went hunting on the edge of the LuoShui River again, and did not return for more than a hundred days. Yi took the opportunity to mobilize Xia's people to occupy Luoshui and prevent Taikang from returning to China, which was equivalent to exileing Taikang, and history said that Taikang had lost the country. Tai Kang's five younger brothers and his mother came to Luoshui to compose the Song of the Five Sons.
Taikang, who was in exile, soon died, and Houyi did not dare to usurp the throne himself, so he supported Taikang's younger brother Zhongkang as a puppet emperor. During the Zhongkang period, the Xi and He clans, who were in charge of the calendar, indulged in wine, wasted the heavens, and chaotic nails. The chancellor Yin was ordered to enlist XiHe, and some people thought that this crusade may be a direct reflection of the myth of the shooting sun
Houyi image in the game Glory of Kings
After Zhongkang's death, Houyi made Zhongkang's son the King of Xia, and he himself held the authority of the Xia Dynasty. Unfortunately, Hou Yi also had no political talent, he was clever in his own archery skills, did not cultivate benevolent government, and was also as keen on hunting and fun as Taikang. Houyi reused a man named Han Hun, who was a white-eyed wolf who took advantage of Houyi's trust and killed Houyi while Houyi was hunting. Han Hun cooked Hou Yi's meat for Hou Yi's son to eat, and Hou Yi's son could not bear to eat it, and was also killed by Han Hun.
Han Hun inherited the position of the leader of the Youqian tribe, and also took over Houyi's wife, giving birth to two sons, named 奡 and 豷. Han Hun was more ambitious than Hou Yi, he killed Xiang, he became the emperor of Xia himself, and his son Yu was a Hercules, helping him to go around in conquest, causing dissatisfaction among other tribes.
Xiang's concubine fled back to her mother's house after Xiang was killed, giving birth to Xiang's widow, Shaokang. It turned out that the chancellor of the Xia Dynasty, Jing, took advantage of the resentment of other tribes against Han Hun, killed han hun father and son, and supported Shao Kang to inherit the throne of the Xia Dynasty, known in history as Shao Kang Zhongxing. Some poor tribes also perished.
It can be seen that Houyi is a failed political figure. Although he seized the opportunity to control the Xia Dynasty, due to his weak political ability and greed for pleasure, he eventually ended up dead and annihilated. But what is strange is that the loss of the Xia Dynasty is such a decades-long historical event that is very brief in Sima Qian's "Records of History". In the "History of Xia Benji", it is simply recorded that "emperor Xia Hou Qi collapsed, and the sub-emperor Tai Kang Li." Emperor Taikang lost the country, and the five Kundi people had to compose a song of the five sons in Luo wei. Tai Kang Beng, brother Kang Li, was for Emperor Zhongkang. "Zhongkang Collapsed, zi emperor stood together." Emperor Xiang collapsed, and the sub-emperor Shao Kangli. "There is no mention of Houyi and Hanhun at all, and the brutal political struggles and killings during this period are completely absent. The reason for this may be that during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Hundred Schools of Confucianism were deposed and Confucianism became the mainstream. In Confucianism, this kind of killing the monarch and usurping the throne and seizing power cannot be tolerated, not to mention that the newly established Xia Dynasty, which has just experienced the beautiful period of the Five Emperors of Tuixian And Zen, should not have such a thing. Therefore, Sima Qian adopted the Spring and Autumn brushwork and completely erased the great stain of this Xia Dynasty. This also makes Houyi's side as a historical figure unknown to people.
Ending Easter Egg:
Speaking of Houyi, I have to say Chang'e. Chang'e was originally called Shu'e ( 姮娥 ) , and in order to avoid the han emperor Liu Heng ' s secrets , she was called Chang'e . Regarding the story of Chang'e running to the moon, there are not many records in the ancient books, the earliest appearing is the "Huainan Zi": "Yi please the medicine of immortality in the West Queen Mother, And The Concubine stole to run the moon, and there was no way to continue it." That's it. Gao Lu's comment on this is: "Concubine, Yi wife." Yi asked the immortal medicine to the Queen Mother of the West, and before she could take it, she stole food, and the immortal ran into the middle of the moon, and the moon spirit also. The ancient book "Huainanzi" quoted in the "Beginner's Book" records a slight difference: "Yi please the medicine of immortality in the West Queen Mother, Yi's wife Concubine steals the moon, and supports the moon, for the toad, and for the moon essence." ”
In short, houyi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the immortal medicine, and before he could eat it, he was secretly eaten by his wife Chang'e. Chang'e thus became an immortal, flew to the moon, and transformed into a moon spirit. Well, there is also the saying that she turned into a toad, and the beautiful Chang'e fairy in our minds turned into a toad. If the Eight Commandments of the Pig were to be demoted for flirting with a toad, it would be too unworthy.
In the minds of the ancients, toads, like rabbits, were the image spokesmen of the moon, which may be related to the image of the moon's surface similar to toads and rabbits. In addition, in the portrait stones and portrait bricks of the Han Dynasty, toads often appear in the immortal realm of the Western Queen Mother, sometimes dancing and sometimes pounding medicine with jade rabbits.
According to some people, "Yi asked for the medicine of immortality in the Queen Mother of the West, and the sister-in-law stole to run to the moon, and there was no way to continue it." The next two sentences, "There is no way to continue", it is believed that after Chang'e took the immortal medicine, she lived alone on the moon, she must be very sad and lonely, and there will inevitably be regret in her heart. For example, Li Shangyin's famous "Chang'e": "The mica screen candle shadow is deep, and the long river is gradually falling and the stars are sinking." Chang'e should repent of stealing the elixir, the blue sea and the blue sky and night heart. In fact, the "sudden mourning, unsustainable" here is not Chang'e, but Houyi, which means that as long as Houyi comes with an immortal medicine, he does not know the prescription. After the elixir was stolen, it could not be further formulated, so there was no way to continue.
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