introduction:
China has a long history and is broad and profound for five thousand years. The knowledge in history textbooks is far only a part of real history, and there are many historical facts buried under the surface of history that need to be explored and sought out by ourselves.
For example, the famous Tang Dynasty. The establishment of the Tang Dynasty was not just a change between ordinary dynasties, under it, a "great cooperation" between the Han and ethnic minorities...
First, the background of the fall of the Sui Dynasty and the rise of the Tang Dynasty
1、
The Legacy of the Internal Affairs of the Sui Dynasty: The Entanglement of Two Forces
As we all know, a large part of the reason for the demise of the Sui Dynasty was due to the intensification of social contradictions, which eventually led to an irreconcilable peasant uprising. But you know what?
The internal affairs of the Sui Dynasty were not only a "hidden bomb" for the demise of the Sui Dynasty, but also made a lot of contributions to the establishment of the Tang Dynasty.
Let's start with the beginning.
The establishment of the Sui Dynasty was formed through coups d'état within the court
This means that the original social order has not been disrupted, but only the internal power transfer of the scholar group. Therefore, the phenomenon of monopoly power of the Mongol clan in the whole politics has not fundamentally changed.
The clique represented by Emperor Yang Jian of the Sui Dynasty was mainly a major member of the Guanlongshi clique, but most of the bureaucratic members of the regimes at all levels in the Sui Dynasty were indeed the old aristocratic bureaucrats of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
Therefore, the Sui Dynasty, which had a distinction of power from the beginning in court politics, was destined to accumulate contradictions.
This distinction of power happened to be the first step in the establishment of the Tang Dynasty - the early invasion of the internal power of the Sui Dynasty.
The peasant revolt triggered by the tyranny of the Sui Dynasty became an opportunity for the Tang Dynasty to win the hearts and minds of the people and publicize Li Yuan's own ideas. When Li Yuan stayed in Taiyuan, he saw the opportunity to send Liu Hongji, Changsun Deshun and others to recruit troops and horses, and encouraged them to join his camp, and this recruitment made the Tang Dynasty gradually abundant in the later period, becoming a reserve support for future attacks on Guanzhong.
2、
The confrontation between the central and local governments of the Sui Dynasty, the breakthrough point of Li's Taiyuan rebellion
In a given period, the control power of a society as a whole is limited, and there must be more or less. For the demise of the Sui, people's first reaction was always to lead to the tyranny of the Sui Emperor and the large-scale peasant uprising, but ignored the important role played by the family clan in a dynasty.
In fact
Although the peasant revolt of the Sui Dynasty had broken out, it was not yet able to confront the Sui army
。 However, the clans with high social status at that time had great political advantages. In the chaotic situation at the end of the Sui Dynasty, it was the family clan that really played a leading role. It can be said that ,
The Sui Dynasty collapsed under the internal and external attacks of peasant revolts and betrayals of the shijia clan.
Li Mi became the leader of the Wagang Army, Yu Wenhua and was supported by Xiao Guo, and the rise of the Li family and the changes in the Yuwen family and the change in the Yu Wen clan and the surrender to Li Yuan's camp became a breakthrough point for Li Yuan's Taiyuan rebellion, which was not close to Li Yuan's ascension to the throne
。
2. Li Yuan's father and son
In the early preparations for the war, the Yuwen family and the Dou family helped
Above we submitted to the Yuwen family's Yu culture and, in the process of the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, it was his younger brother who played a helping role
Scribes and
。 When Li Yuan stayed behind to guard Honghua Commandery and Jieduguan Right Counties to prepare for Yang Xuangan, Yu Wenshi and Li Yuan had a secret discussion with Li Yuan in the middle of the night, prompting Li Yuan to raise an army.
whereas
Dou's most famous was Dou Kang, the former governor of Youzhou, who directly advised Li Yuan to take advantage of the chaos and attack the Sui Dynasty
。 The agitation of these people to Li Yuan was immeasurable, and it was after this that Li Yuan officially began to prepare for the army in an organized manner, absorbing a large number of heroes Haojie. Later, when the Sui Emperor reactivated Dou Kang and sent Dou Kang to guard the Great Wall, he had actually formed two major military groups that jointly threatened Guanzhong, which eliminated the worries of Li Yuan's later daring to march into Guanzhong.
Japanese scholars believe that the ancestors of dou kang dou are the Xiongnu Feiye head, and some people also believe that The Scribes and the Xiongnu Fei Ye head are also born. Not only that, the people of the Tang Dynasty also believed that the Dou and Yuwen families were the highest rank of the Daibei Gui surname. It can be seen that they all belong to ethnic minorities.
Iii. When Li Yuan's father and son raised an army, the merits of the northern dynasty figures with the surname of Fan
In the early days of the tang dynasty, Li Yuan was surrounded by countless Northern Dynasty figures with the surname of Fan who advised him, such as Liu Wenjing, Changsun and so on.
Liu Wenjing "said that he was from Pengcheng", and by studying his ancestors, he could understand that his ancestor was Yi, yi was the ancient Xiongnu concentrated in Shizhou, and from various historical sources, it is shown that his ancestor was an adult of the local Xiongnu tribe.
Liu Wenjing provided Li Yuan with many tricks in the early stages, and at that time, Liu Wenjing was in prison, and Li Yuan even went to the prison to ask for advice.
After analyzing the current situation, Liu Wenjing advised Li Yuanshun to respond to heaven and change the dynasty and put forward it
"Entering the Pass by Taking advantage of the Void", "Changing the Flag to Show Righteousness" and "Please Pass through the Turks to Benefit the Army"
policy. These suggestions were very clever, and the first plan took only more than 100 days to directly attack Guanzhong and enter the capital; the latter strategy was to intimidate Li Mi and others under the pretext of defending against the Turks.
In the subsequent military and political activities in Kedingguan, Liu Wenjing also did not fail in his mission. When Li Yuan was on his way south to the west, he was surrounded and intercepted by the army.
Liu Wenjing made the Turks the key to success or failure
。 Before Liu Wenjing's news came back, Li Yuan had been worried until July 15, 13, 2007, when Liu Wenjing returned with a large number of soldiers and horses led by the Eastern Turks, which dispelled Li Yuan's inner worries. Crucially, Liu Wenjing sent an envoy to the Turks to live up to their mission, removing great obstacles for Li Yuan's army to march into Chang'an.
Liu Wenjing not only gave advice, but also was ordered to open the Tang Dynasty. In 618, Li Yuan accepted yang You's throne and established the Tang Dynasty, known as Tang Gaozu. In the early days of the Tang Dynasty,
Liu Wenjing was appointed chancellor, and in order to improve various systems, Liu Wenjing and various literati and scholars revised the "KaiHuang Law" to make the Tang Dynasty general law.
The Changsun clan, historically known as "Xiaowen Qianluo, changed to Changsun", is a first-class noble surname since the Northern Dynasty and the Dou family and the Yuwen family. The eldest grandson, Shunde, was also the uncle of Empress WendeShunsheng (li Shimin's wife).
The Changsun clan played a role in recruiting elite talents in the preparations for the early Tang Dynasty, the most famous of which was the eldest son Shunde
。 In 615, Li Yuan held positions such as the remainer of Taiyuan, but he did not manage many military powers, and he was still powerless to raise troops to attack Sui. So Li Yuan sent Sun Shunde, Liu Hongji, and others to raise troops to prepare for the mutiny.
The eldest son Deshun won many victories in later military activities and achieved great achievements.
Changsun Deshun Ping Huoyi, Broken Linfen, and Xia Dai County all achieved good results. Subsequently, he took advantage of the victory to pursue Qu Turks and went straight to Luoyang.
Similarly, Liu Hongji and Liu Wenjing are of the same place of origin, and they are also from the Xiongnu Liu clan. In 615, he recruited Yingjie with Sun Deshun and others; later conquered the West River, beheaded The Song Dynasty, and took the lead in crossing the Yellow River; presided over the Weibei War, continued westward to the south to cross the Weishui River, and cut down the Western Qin Overlord. The most important thing is that Liu Hongji won the first battle, and his merit was the first.
Liu Zhenghui, according to the history book "Yuan He Surname Compilation":
"Its predecessors the Hun nobles,...... Act as a tribal adult. "
Therefore, its identity is also suspected of being a minority with the surname OfFa.
When Li Yuan remained in Taiyuan, the Sui Emperor sent many of his cronies to monitor him, and suspected that Li Yuan was suspicious of raising troops and wanted to frame him, but he did not expect that the township governor would find out the whistle-blowing and make a plan, so that Liu Wenjing and Liu Zhenghui would counter-accuse him of rebellion. In addition to the Sui Emperor's cronies, he united with the Turks.
In the process of preparing for the Taiyuan uprising, Dou resisted his brother
Dou Chun, Yuan Zhongwen
Others also praised the grand conspiracy or participated in the initiation of the righteousness. Among them, Dou Chun pacified the West River, attacked Huoyi, and passed through Tongguan.
In addition to the above figures, other people of the Northern Dynasty minority surnames have also responded, such as
Dang Renhong, He Panren, Yu Zhining, Duan Lun, Qiu Xinggong, and others raised troops in response to Li Yuan's Taiyuan uprising, most of whom were of the Western Qiang and Xianbei tribes. Thanks to the positive response of a small number of famous clans, Li Yuan quickly conquered Chang'an.
Even the final preparations, the establishment of the General's Mansion, many people in addition to the above-mentioned people were involved.
Many of the surnames were appointed as generals of the unified army
, make final preparations for the Taiyuan uprising. Whether it was a small number of clans with the surname of the Northern Dynasty or the Han people of the Guanlongshi clan related to the Li Yuan clique, they all tried their best to help and take what they needed.
With the help of many famous ethnic groups and individual groups, Li Yuan's Taiyuan rebellion was finally successful and successfully opened up the Tang Dynasty.
Fourth, the contribution of the Northern Dynasty figures to the consolidation and development of the regime after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty
After Li Yuan founded the Tang Dynasty, the most critical moment was to establish a political and legal system belonging to the Tang Dynasty. The exploits of the former Sui Dynasty also provided a great reference for the formulation of the laws of the Tang Dynasty, in addition,
The development of the nascent regime is also dedicated to the ethnic minorities.
The system is the standard for the development and operation of a country, and there are rules and regulations to have squares. The institutional rules and regulations in the early days of the establishment of the Tang Dynasty can be said to be in urgent need of formulation, and the ancestors of the Dou family have always been the Xi warrior clan, but only Dou Wei is good at writing. So after the establishment of Datang,
Dou Wei and others then established a system of imperial court rules.
After establishing a series of systems, it is necessary to eliminate the former dynasty forces and sweep away the masses.
Forces such as Dou Jiande and Liu Wuzhou actually formed a siege to the nascent Tang regime, which directly threatened the foundation of the Tang Dynasty. As a result, Wei Chi Jingde, Gao Shilian and other ethnic minorities such as the Xianbei and Qiang ethnic groups gradually calmed down the masses and stabilized the Tang Dynasty. In the unification war in the early years of Wude, the above-mentioned Dou Kang, Yu Wenshi, Liu Hongji and others also made meritorious contributions and helped Li Yuan, Li Shimin and his father and son to establish the Tang Dynasty.
It can be seen from this that in addition to the tyranny of the Sui Dynasty and the ambitions of Li Yuan and others, the establishment of the Tang Dynasty was also inseparable from the vigorous support and help of the Yu people of the Ethnic Minority of the Northern Dynasty.
References: Book of Sui, Old Book of Tang, New Book of Tang, etc.