Tip: Man Lin said that a person, life will soon come to an end, but a nation is different. At that moment, the footprints of the ancestors were collected like waves, flowing in her blood. While feeling that Elista was "very close", she understood not only her father, but also her mother, and even all the Turks, and she became more fond of the Bayinbrook steppe and the great motherland that raised her.
Bayinbrook Prairie
If I remember correctly, when I went to Tiemenguan more than ten years ago, I also saw a stone carving about the return of the Turks to the east, and in 1771 AD, the Mongolian Turbats returned to the motherland and was assigned to its sub-district. The Iron Gate Pass was set up in the Jin Dynasty, because of its dangerous name, it is one of the twenty-six passes in ancient China, a natural danger for the Yanqi Basin to enter the Tarim Basin, and is a canyon of about 30 kilometers long through which the Peacock River passes.
At that time, the return of the Turgut Department touched the people of the Chinese, and the Qing Dynasty government allocated 3 million taels of silver from the national treasury, and at the same time mobilized a large number of materials to help Turbat, and also surveyed the rich land of water and grass for them, and allocated Bayinbrook, Wusu, Kobdo and other places to them as pastures, so that they could graze and live and work in peace and contentment on the grassland.
Yanqi Basin is located in the northeast of Xinjiang Tarim Basin, is a mountain basin in the Tianshan Mountains, Bayinbrook Grassland east and Yanqi Basin border, formerly known as Yuledus Grassland, mainly located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture and Jing County northwest of Bayinbrook District, there is a "nine-curve eighteen bends" Kaidu River flowing into an elegant and charming Swan Lake, is a paradise surrounded by snowy mountains, but also the main area of today's Turgut distribution in Xinjiang.
The iron gate is closed
History is often like this, when you go deep into a certain area, your footprints will coincide with the old footprints left by many predecessors, although you can't move the years, you can have the acquaintance and dialogue with those people in this overlap, and you will also pick up their old footprints and bring them into your heart.
Man Lin, today, people can also collect some simple information about her: Mongols, born in Hejing County, is the thirteenth generation descendant of Wolbasi and the last princess of Turgut. Her father's name was Manchukzabu, and he was the prince of the old Turkhu Tenan tribe in Xinjiang before liberation, the leader of the Four Banners Alliance, also known as the "King of Man khan".
King Man khan died when he was 1 year old, his father died, he ascended the throne, and in 1930, at the age of 15, he married Wu Jingbin and personally presided over the alliance. Wu Jingbin was Man Lin's mother, born in 1914, a year older than King Man Khan. Originally from the Right Banner of Karaqin, Inner Mongolia, his father Gongsang Luoerbu was the hereditary prince of the Karaqin tribe, who served as the dean of Mongolia and Tibet and the president of Tsinghua University during the Republic of China, and his biological mother was the concubine of Prince Gongsan Norbu. King Man Khan was able to marry Wu Jingbin in large part thanks to King Man Khan's uncle Dob Dong Tselen Che Min. Dobdon Tselen Chemin had served the Manchu Khan, and it was he who had proposed to the Manchu Khan through the Karaqin Tribe.
Man Lin
Xinjiang during the Republic of China was a big quagmire, all kinds of forces were fighting each other, and the Turks who were trying to survive in the cracks established a cavalry unit to defend their homeland around the time of the Xinhai Revolution. Dobdon Tselen Chemin was also a living Buddha, and while administering the government of King Man khan, he invited instructors from abroad for this cavalry unit, and also trained his nephew King Man khan to be a warrior on horseback.
It was this unit that brought about the disaster of killing Dob Dongcelen Chemin, and in 1927, because of rumors that Feng Yuxiang led an army into Xinjiang, he was ordered by Yang Zengxin to expand this force into a Mongol cavalry brigade and garrison Hami. In July 1928, Fan Yaonan, the head of the Xinjiang Military Affairs Department, assassinated Governor Yang Zengxin at a banquet, and the Nanjing government appointed Jin Shuren as the chairman and commander-in-chief of Xinjiang Province. Dob Dong Tselen Che Min was lured to Diehwa by Kim Shu-in in 1931 for opposing Kim Shu-jin.
The murder of his uncle was a great irritation to king Man Khan, but after he took over the cavalry brigade, he was promoted to the commander of the cavalry division because of his meritorious service in battle. During this period, Wu Jingbin began to help the Manchu Khan in handling government affairs, and was well received by the Turks. In 1933, the "April 12" incident in Xinjiang broke out, the Northeast Volunteer Army and the Naturalized Army in Xinjiang jointly dumped gold, Jin Shuren resigned, Cangchao fled the provincial city, and Sheng Shicai, who had a heavy army in hand, returned to Shidihua and was elected by all parties as the temporary border defense inspector of Xinjiang. In order to win over the Mongol cavalry division, Sheng Shicai promoted king Man Khan to commander of the Yanqi garrison area, conferred the rank of lieutenant general, and in 1934 was promoted to king of Man Khan as an adviser to Xinjiang Province.
Wu Jingbin
King Man Khan thought that this was the best of his ability to appreciate his talent and reused him, forgetting the death of his uncle, and his wife Wu Jingbin moved with him to Dihua (Urumqi) to study at Dihua Girls' High School. King Man Khan began to make friends with some progressive people, and even wanted to study in the Soviet Union, wanting to let go of his hands and feet to do a big job, and then ignoring that the Mongol cavalry division in his hands was sheng shicai's greatest fear. In 1937, Sheng Shicai arrested and imprisoned King Man Khan as a "rebel", the Mongol cavalry division was disarmed, and Wu Jingbin, who had become a problem in Dihua, had to return to the Bayinbrook steppe.
Man Lin was born in 1936 before this, and in her childhood memories, only her mother handled the affairs of the Turbat tribe and ran a school on the steppe, and her father did not exist. Wu Jingbin was a very remarkable woman, and in the days when her husband was imprisoned, she wanted to form a cavalry unit like the Turks before her, which was completely impossible, so she turned her attention to education, and only opened more than ten schools in Hejing and Yanqi. With financial difficulties, Wu Jingbin raised money everywhere and donated all her dowry. Because some herdsmen at that time were reluctant to let their children go to school, Wu Jingbin forcibly implemented the measure that two children in the family must have one child to go to school, so that many people were received from the depths of the grassland and went to school with Jingjing, and sent the outstanding ones to Urumqi, Lanzhou, and Beijing to learn Chinese and Mongolian, making their own contributions to the Mongolian people in Xinjiang to modern civilization.
At the same time, in order to support the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Wu Jingbin actively raised donations, took the lead in donating 50 taels of gold, 1,000 taels of silver, and 500 heads of livestock to the country, so that the Mongolian people in Xinjiang set off a climax of anti-Japanese patriotic donations, reaching 80,000 taels of gold and silver, 30,000 warhorses, and 50,000 heads of livestock. A weak woman, she therefore has a very high prestige on the steppe.
Turks
Man Lin met her father in 1944, the year when Sheng Shicai left Xinjiang under pressure from all sides, and in October, King Man Khan was released, but he was insanely disturbed by various tortures in prison. At this time, Man Lin was only 8 years old, did not understand her father, felt that her appearance when she fell ill was terrible, and was indifferent to everything about her and her mother. Later, she remembered her father: "He was lying on a hospital bed, his face was puffy, his beard was long, and his eyes showed fear and pity. His father's illness was ineffective because of his medical treatment, and he died shortly after his release.
In 1953, at the age of 19, Man Lin left Urumqi to study at the Affiliated High School of the Central University for Nationalities in Beijing. In 1956, he entered the Beijing Institute of Geology. Five years later, in 1961, after graduating from university, he voluntarily asked to be assigned to the Xinjiang Mining Institute (now merged into Xinjiang University) and became a university teacher. In 1963, he married his high school classmate Amu Guro. Her mother, who had been secretary general of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region CPPCC committee since the founding of new China, was given special supplies by the government, which she refused to accept and demanded the same treatment as ordinary staff until her death in 1975.
After the death of her mother, Man lin suddenly became interested in the history of Turgut, although she knew that in 1628 AD, in order to find a new living environment, most of the tribesmen left the homeland of Tarbagatai in Xinjiang, crossed the Kazakh steppe, crossed the Ural River, and came to the lower Volga River and the caspian sea coast that had not yet been occupied by Tsarist Russia. In that sparsely populated steppe, the Turks opened up their homes, worked and lived, and established the feudal regime of the nomadic Turgut Khanate. But by the 1760s, the Turks could not withstand the enormous pressure from the Russian Empire and were determined to return to their homeland.
Heroes of the East
In 1770, at a secret location in the steppes of the lower Volga, king Wolbasi of Turk khanate presided over another top-secret meeting. At the meeting, they solemnly swore an oath to leave Tsarist Russia and return to their homeland. On 4 January, Wolbasi summoned a general mobilization of all the warriors and lit a flame in the hearts of the Turks. In the early hours of the next day, in the bitter cold wind, more than thirty-three thousand turks of turks on the right bank of the Volga set out, leaving their foreign land, where they had lived for nearly a century and a half, in their words: to the East, to the place where the sun rises, to find a new life.
Although Wolbasi and others tried to keep secrets from the Russians, the information leaked out, and they were constantly surrounded and blocked by the Tsarist, Cossack, and Kazakh armies, and finally 43,000 people reached the territory of Xinjiang, China, while the other 90,000 Weirat tribes (during the Kangxi rule, the Mongols were also called Weilat, and The Weyrat were divided into four major departments, the Durbert Department, the Dzungar Department, the HeshuoTe Department, and the Turks Department) The Mongols remained in the lower Volga region and became today's Kalmyks.
In these historical memories, Man Lin remembered her father's "terrible" more, and it was this "terrible" that made her gradually understand her father and become a person who picked up the footprints of time in the long river of history: in 1980, Man Lin was specially recruited into the army, served in a certain air force college, and was awarded the rank of colonel in 1988 and promoted to associate professor. During this period, he wrote and published military theory monographs such as "The Gray Military Field" and "The Leadership Art of Commanders". In 1992, Manlin retired from the army and began to concentrate on the study of Theureate Mongolian history.
In 1997, at the invitation of the President of Kalmyk University, Manlin went to Russia in a private capacity and visited the Republic of Kalmykia. The plane flew over Kalmyk, and Manlin said she felt as if she had been awakened by an electric current, when she felt close to Elista (the capital of the Kalmyk Republic), and then she remembered what the Irish writer Denisai had said in His Rebellion of the Tatars: "Since the earliest historical record, no great undertaking has been as sensational and exciting as the emigration of a major Tatar people across the Asian steppes across the Asian steppes to the east in the second half of the last century." ”
Ejin Natul Special Donggui Memorial Relief
Man Lin said that a person, life will soon come to an end, but a nation is different. At that moment, the footprints of the ancestors were collected like waves, flowing in her blood. While feeling that Elista was "very close", she understood not only her father, but also her mother, and even all the Turks, and she became more fond of the Bayinbrook steppe and the great motherland that raised her. In 2004, Man Lin combined her own experience and wrote an oral history of "Daughter of Turbat" published by the Rural Reading Publishing House.
Some of the pictures in this article are from the network, thanks to the original author!