With the improvement of living standards and economic development, more and more people pay more attention to whether their own health, for the disease early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment has become a consensus, with the continuous development of medical technology, ultrasound application scope is also more and more extensive, especially in assisting in the diagnosis of tumors has a very important role.
I believe that many people will have such a question: how does ultrasound screen tumors? How does ultrasonography work? What tumors can ultrasound screen for? What are the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonography? These issues are analysed below.
First, the basic concept of ultrasonography
Diagnostic ultrasound was only introduced in the 20th century, and although it has a short history, it plays a very important role in medical examination and diagnosis, and has an indispensable role. Ultrasound examination is usually used in obstetrics, cardiology, endocrinology, gynecology and other departments, refers to the use of ultrasound medical imaging diagnosis technology, by scanning the human organs and muscles, the structure, size, position of the formation of ultrasound images, to achieve visualization, to help doctors diagnose the disease.
Its working principle is to generate sound waves in the human body, after receiving echo to form an image, in the process of ultrasonography is mainly used in one or more transducer probes to the human organs or lesions to send pulses, when these sound waves in the human body encounter different organs or lesions of acoustic impedance will produce echo, these echoes can be received by the probe to form an image, compared with normal conditions can find lesions.
2. What is the diagnostic method of ultrasonography?
Ultrasound diagnostic equipment is composed of probes, units that transmit ultrasound and receive ultrasound, display components, recorders, etc., and the diagnostic methods of ultrasonography in clinical practice mainly include the following categories: One is the A-type method, which has been gradually eliminated and will only be used in ophthalmology related examinations;
The second is the b-type method, which is the most commonly used examination method in clinical practice, which can form a clear and intuitive image of various sections of the internal organs of the human body, especially in the examination of liver, spleen, gallbladder and other organs;
The third is the m-type method, which is mainly used in the examination of heart disease;
The fourth is Doppler ultrasonography, which works by detecting and tracking the blood flow speed and direction of the patient's corresponding organs, which can effectively diagnose various vascular and cardiac diseases, and can be subdivided into continuous Wave Doppler method and pulsed Wave Doppler method, which requires doctors to choose according to the patient's condition in the clinic.
3. What tumors can be found by ultrasound examination?
Although ultrasonography can screen tumors and is more and more widely used, it should be noted that although it can prompt doctors that there are lumps and places in the organs of doctors and patients, if you want to further confirm the patient's condition, you need to combine puncture biopsy, and the final conclusion can be reached through the corresponding pathological examination, and you cannot completely rely on ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis.
Ultrasound is mainly done through the examination of human organs when screening tumors, and the tumors that can be found can be summarized into the following categories:
One is that ultrasonography can find cervical thyroid tumors, because scanning the patient's thyroid through ultrasound can well display the thyroid mass and nodules of the thyroid gland in front of the doctor, which is why many units or individuals will definitely choose this item when conducting physical examinations. Ultrasonography can clearly image the size, shape, location, number, shape of the lump boundary and other information of the thyroid nodule, and the doctor can further confirm the condition by fine needle puncture cytology or excision biopsy when the situation is found to be suspicious, which is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid tumors.
The second is that ultrasonography can find breast tumors, breast cancer, ultrasonography in the examination and diagnosis of breast tumors has an important position, usually the doctor will be the patient's breast nodules to do a risk of grading, through ultrasonography can be breast nodule size, number, boundaries and the details of the patient's armpit lymph nodes show in front of the doctor's eyes, the doctor through the different conditions of these nodules to judge, in the case of excessive risk will recommend patients to carry out puncture biopsy screening, to determine the condition.
The third is that ultrasound examination can also play a certain role in the screening process of liver tumors, which is through ultrasound scanning whether there is a lump in the liver part of the patient, the more common liver tumor in the clinic is a liver cyst, which is a benign tumor, which has a fluid effusion in the capsule, the boundary is generally clearer, and the patient's life will not have too great an impact, and it is generally not recommended that patients be removed through surgery.
The fourth is that ultrasonography can diagnose whether the patient has a hepatic hemangioma, which is also a benign tumor, which is a tortuous vascular mass produced in the patient's liver, such tumors do not need to be treated surgically under normal circumstances, but if the liver is involved, the tumor is greater than 10 cm or even the risk of rupture needs to be formulated according to the actual situation to avoid affecting the patient's physical health.
The fifth is that ultrasonography can effectively judge liver cancer, liver cancer is a very serious liver lesion, divided into primary and metastatic, serious will threaten the patient's life, the treatment principle is early detection, early treatment, its performance under ultrasound is different from the above several benign tumors, clinical suspicion of patients with liver cancer, doctors will recommend patients to carry out further MRI and puncture biopsy, so as to determine the type of liver cancer, for the diagnosis of the results of the effective treatment plan.
Sixth, ultrasonography can also play a certain role in the screening of gastrointestinal tumors, but it should be noted that due to the gas and some contents carried in the human gastrointestinal tract, these will have a certain impact on the ultrasound results, it is difficult to find ultrasound for smaller tumors, but the judgment of larger tumors is still relatively accurate, and when the patient is suspected of having a gastrointestinal mass in the clinic through ultrasound, the doctor will generally recommend that the patient do gastrointestinal endoscopy to further clarify the condition.
The seventh is that ultrasonography is also used in the screening of celiac tumors, and patients with celiac tumors may be tumors from the ovarian site, or stromal tumors may appear in the small intestine, and can be screened out by ultrasound when the size of the lump exceeds 3 cm.
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonography?
The advantages of ultrasonography can be summarized as follows: first, its equipment is relatively easy to move, for patients with limited mobility or more urgent conditions can use bedside ultrasound; secondly, the price of ultrasound is relatively low, especially compared with CT, most patients can afford it; and finally, ultrasound does not produce radiation to the patient's body, there is no trauma, and its results are more accurate, so it is the priority choice for multiple disease examinations in the clinic.
The disadvantage of ultrasonography is that the ultrasonic conduction in solids and liquids is better, but its effect in the air will be greatly reduced, that is to say, ultrasonography is less effective in organ examinations containing air and other contents, such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, etc. mentioned above, followed by the results of ultrasonography and the doctor's clinical technical level Have a great relationship, the doctor's experience and methods will also have an impact on the results, and the ultrasound examination is poor in clarity and resolution when compared with CT. In the clinic, doctors need to make judgments according to the actual situation of the patient.
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