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The Inchon landings, which began on September 15, 1950, are well known to have been a very successful landing operation conducted by the U.S. military during the Korean War, and one of the most proud military operations of General MacArthur, the five-star general of the United Nations Army. The landing was carried out successfully in the stubbornness of MacArthur, which was not favored by the US military, and in the entire landing operation and the operation of defending the beachhead, only 20 US Marines were killed and 179 wounded, including a reporter accompanying the army.
Obviously, this operation was very successful, so many people have to ask, such an important location, such an important combat operation, so many people opposed, why did MacArthur insist on insisting on it and finally winning?
There was a lot of opposition
In fact, judging by the landing conditions, that is, the objective environment, the Incheon area is very unsuitable for landing operations. According to the memoirs of MacArthur's successor, General Ridgway, the second commander-in-chief of the United Nations Army, "there is no easier place to defend than Incheon on the entire winding coastline of the Korean Peninsula, where the 30-foot (9.14 m) tide at low tide leaves a narrow, curved channel on a mile-wide mudflat that would allow landing tanks and speedboats to collide with each other or run aground, becoming the enemy's "living target."
Even if the troops land on the shore, the muddy beach will cause great trouble to the landing troops, the tanks will be deep in the mud, the soldiers will consume too much physical strength, and these objective environments will cause great casualties to the troops.
If the sea surface in this area is densely packed with mines, it will also cause difficulties for landing operations, and the time chosen for the Incheon landing is also in mid-September, which is also in the typhoon season, and if it encounters a storm, it will make the landing operation difficult or even premature. These reasons were all factors in the possible failure of the landing operation, so is there a more suitable location for landing than Incheon?
The answer is yes, and as MacArthur's plan for landing at Inchon was presented to the generals, there was almost a chorus of opposition, including the two expert-level generals who conducted the landing operations in World War II, One was Rear Admiral James Doyle and the other was Rear Admiral Oliver Smith. The two battle-hardened and seasoned generals had some enthusiasm for the other two proposals. The plans were the Wonsan landing on the east coast of the peninsula and the mountains south of Incheon.
Force the decision under the consensus
Landing at Wonsan would be more unexpected, while landing at Gunsan would directly put pressure on the KPA attacking the Busan defenses. But in the end, both proposals were rejected by MacArthur, who had always been invincible, after all, he was the supreme commander of the United Nations army.
It can be said that the final landing site was Set at Inchon, which was purely the will of General MacArthur, who firmly believed that the landing mission would be completed well here. Because in his opinion, if he wanted to end the war before the cold winter in Korea, he would have to land in Inchon, an area that was easy to defend and difficult to attack, because it was easy to defend and difficult to attack, so the defensive forces were the most empty. At the same time, after successful landing, it will cut off the supply line of the Korean People's Army, and once the KPA collapses, the US and ROK troops in the Busan defensive circle will highlight the heavy encirclement of the north and south and completely eliminate the main force of the KPA.
These reasons became the military reasons for the Inchon landing operation.
So under the consensus of General MacArthur, the landing site of the United Nations army was finally set at Inchon, and MacArthur held another meeting to better prove the correctness of his views, and the main purpose of this meeting was to persuade the opposing generals.
In the end, many generals were also impressed by the commander's mouth and gushing eloquence, and there were many reasons for landing at Inchon. In addition to the military reasons just mentioned, there are also morale boosts, the recovery of Seoul will be exciting, and there will be time to harvest rice after the southern pacification. The generals who were persuaded by him included the two generals who had just opposed it, in addition to Admiral Turner Joy of the Navy and Admiral Sherman of the Navy, who was most fiercely opposed.
Although many people changed their attention, there were still many objections, including those in the military and the "White House", but in the end, the Inchon landing was successfully achieved on September 15, 1950, and many factors of its success were explained by MacArthur, such as the number of North Korean troops defending the area was not as large as 6500, while the United Nations Amphibious Combat Force had more than 75,000 troops. In this way, the North Korean troops abandoned the place after losing 1350 people, and the success of this landing also brought the situation in North Korea to a 180-degree reversal, which became the proud work of General MacArthur's life.
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