The Northern Expedition and the Northern Expedition, the laborers mobilized the masses, and they were a huge test of financial, material, and human resources, and their wisdom was like Zhuge Liang, so why did they do this?
Ask Kong Ming across the space: Comrade Zhuge Liang, is it not good for your old man to recuperate? Why do you have to run back and forth desperately?
A voice came over: Not good, because the Northern Expedition has very important strategic significance.
Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was a grand strategy
I think that back then, Liu Guanzhang's three knots of righteousness, the slogan was "Kuang Fu Han Room". Liu Beisan invited Zhuge Liang, and the reason was also "Kuang Fu Han Room". That is to say, restoring the glory of the Han Dynasty and completing the great cause of reunification is a big goal and a big strategy.
Zhuge Liang said in the "Table of Renunciation": "The former emperor knew that the subjects were cautious, so he sent his subjects to the collapse of the emperor to do great things." Since his appointment, he has been worried all night long, fearing that the entrustment will not be effective, so as to hurt the ming of the former emperor... Now the south has been determined, the armor has been sufficient, when the award led the three armies, the north fixed the Central Plains, shu exhausted the blunt, eliminated the traitors, revived the Han room, and returned to the old capital. ”
What does it mean? Zhuge Liang said to Liu Chan: I want the Northern Expedition, this is to "set the Central Plains in the North and unify the world", this is the task given to me by your father, I must do it.
From here, it can be seen that Zhuge Liang has a very strong sense of purpose, knowing that the south has been decided, and there is no worries about the future, and it is time for the Northern Expedition to plot the Central Plains.
For such an application, Liu Chan could not refuse, nor could he refuse.
However, once the Northern Expedition, two Northern Expeditions..... It seems that Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was addicted, between seven years, the Northern Expedition was five times, and the results were not ideal, what was this? Don't you need money to fight a war? Isn't that a military affront?
Zhuge Liang's successive Northern Expeditions were intended to occupy favorable terrain
Zhuge Liang's five northern expeditions were aimed at storming Cao Wei's territory from the west in an attempt to plot against the Central Plains.
Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, in fact, there are two major strategies to choose from, one is to directly and quickly surprise the army, to fight Cao Wei a surprise, which is to take a dangerous road, from the Meridian Valley, The Valley, luo valley, Sanguan four roads, choose a way to attack, the distance is much closer, but the road is rough, occasionally can be used, but the risk is unpredictable.
In Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, these four dangerous roads were used twice, one was the second Northern Expedition, when the soldiers scattered and attacked Chen Cang, but the result was that Hao Zhao was dead in chen cang, and Cao Wei had reinforcements coming, so he did not succeed. The first was the Fifth Northern Expedition, the soldiers went out of the Valley, entered Wuzhangyuan, planned to attack Chang'an, and finally almost became, but Zhuge Liang was physically and mentally exhausted, buried in Wuzhangyuan, and had to withdraw the Shu army.
The choice of this dangerous road is obviously to directly exert a huge influence on Cao Wei, and if it can be won, it can open Cao Wei's western gate.
The second major strategy is to save the country through the curve, the route is out of Qishan, take the street pavilion, occupy a favorable terrain, and have a great impact on Cao Wei.
Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition went out of Qishan and took a long detour, but all the way down the road, the results were good, and the street pavilion was laid. If it were not for Ma Mo's loss of the street pavilion, the Northern Expedition of the Shu Army almost achieved the best results. The street kiosk is not lost, it can be slowly advanced, and in time, it is difficult to say who wins and who loses in Wei Shu.
In addition, there is a very important purpose of going out of the Qi Mountains, cutting the connection between Cao Wei and Yongzhou and Liangzhou, where there are enough horses, cavalry can be trained, and ironclad war horses like those of the Han Wudi Period can be restored, and the land can be plotted to the west, so that the Shu Han is no longer restricted by the region, and the prospects are bright. But after the street kiosk was lost, everything was soaked up, so Ma Mo really deserved to die for his sins, so that Zhuge Liang's great cause of thousands of autumns was ruined.
Later, during the Fourth Northern Expedition, he went out of Qishan again, but was counterattacked by Sima Yi, and the Shu army was defeated, but one of the gains was that Zhang Jaw was beheaded.
Therefore, the purpose of the Northern Expedition is not only to plot the Central Plains, but also to cut the connection between the Central Plains and the west, occupy a favorable situation, and when the time is ripe, it can go east or west.
If you do not occupy favorable terrain and have a corner in Chengdu and Hanzhong, sooner or later you will be developed by Cao Wei, blocking the exit and slowly encroaching on it. Zhuge Liang could see far, and who could understand him?
Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was to influence the development of Cao Wei
During Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, Cao Wei also faced various difficulties and setbacks, surrounded by enemies of all sizes, and if Cao Wei survived, using a large amount of Central Plains land and using a large number of talents, economic development would not be comparable to that of Shu Han in a remote corner.
When Cao Wei was completely strong, Shu Han only had a share of defeat, so there was still a glimmer of opportunity to make plans early, otherwise, failure would be inevitable.
Sometimes this is the case, you recuperate and develop, people have many times more resources than you, and the longer the recuperation time, the greater the gap. After Zhuge Liang's death, he was recuperating, and Cao Wei developed similar to rockets. Finally, under the suggestion of Jiang Wei, the Northern Expedition was carried out again, but the results were worse, and the general trend was already irrevocable.
Therefore, during the Northern Expedition, the Grain and Grass of the Shu Han Dynasty were quite sufficient, and Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition policy was not a big problem. It's just that people are not as good as heavenly calculations, but Zhuge Liang is not wrong, because opportunities exist after all.
Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was to resolve contradictions
Shu Han is not monolithic, there are also politics and gangs. The team brought by Liu Bei was the foreign Jingzhou faction, in addition to the local indigenous faction, in addition to the Dongzhou faction brought by the former Yizhou Mu Liu Yan.
Yizhou is not big, if everyone is in a corner, with the development of time, everyone's contradictions will definitely become more intense. The Jingzhou faction brought by Liu Bei had already gone downhill, and Li Yan and others of the Dongzhou faction could not fully control the government, and the local indigenous faction of Yu Zhou and others gradually increased their power.
Therefore, in order to resolve the contradiction, Zhuge Liang began the Northern Expedition, and if it succeeded, the contradiction could be resolved, because the target of the Jingzhou faction was Chang'an, which was the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. Moreover, during the Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang could firmly grasp the military power and have an armed force in his hands, which were completely different from empty hands.
Zhuge Liang fought outside and cultivated his own forces, and Li Yan and others of the Dongzhou faction exerted more influence on the government and politics, and the cooperation between the two sides, one inside and one outside, could avoid the full rise of the local indigenous faction, which could achieve a so-called balance.
Instead of fighting with your own people, it is better to fight with outsiders, and maybe create a new future.
To sum up, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was a strategic necessity, a need to occupy favorable terrain, a need to contain Cao Wei, and a need to balance the political groups of the Shu Han Dynasty.
Resting in a quiet corner will make the contradiction gradually erupt and then go to eternal sinking.