Text/Fu Huaxuan
Since ancient times, the Han people have attached great importance to hair skin protection clothing and clothing. The "Filial Piety Sutra" has a saying: "The skin of the body, the parents who receive it, do not dare to destroy it, and the beginning of filial piety is also the beginning." "To raise the protection of hair to the height of "filial piety" and "filial piety" to understand, people should not be careless. Before the Qing Dynasty, the Han people could not shave their hair after adulthood, let the hair grow naturally, men, the hair on the top of the head into a bun, wrapped in a piece of cloth, tied up, or wearing a hat to protect, "Tianxian Match" Dong Yong's hairstyle, is the standard men's hairstyle. If you cut a lock of a person's hair, it is a great shame.
The Manchus had very different hairstyles from the Han Chinese, and their men shaved their hair on the front of their skulls and left a lock of hair on the back of their heads in a long braid that hung down.
The Qing army issued a "shaving order" when it entered the customs in 1644. On June 15, 1645, the regent Dorgon ordered another "shaving order", stipulating: "The government and the people of the whole country shall be limited to ten days inside and outside the capital, and the direct subordinate and provincial localities shall be limited to ten days in buwen to ten days, and all hair will be shaved." On July 9, 1645, the Qing court issued the "Yifu Order", stipulating that "since the officials and the people have shaved their hair, they should follow the system of the dynasty." "
The Qing court took shaving hair as one of the signs of submission, and the slogan was: "Leave your head without hair, and leave your hair without your head." This is a slogan that makes people listen, and the back of the spine is cool. Many Han Chinese men lost their lives because they resisted the "shaving order". Also, the customs of the Han nationality for thousands of years have suddenly changed, and it is too difficult.
Up to now, a custom retained in the countryside is that "the first month does not shave the head, and the head is shaved to death of the uncle", in fact, the first month of not shaving the head is definitely not for the safety of the mother-in-law. The 24th edition of the "Yexian Chronicle" of the Republic of China, Volume II, "Customs", reveals the mystery of this custom: "Hearing the old people of the townships talk about the edict of shaving hair in the qing dynasty before the implementation of the first month of the fourth year of Shunzhi, the Ming Dynasty system changed, and the people thought about the old king for the sake of shaving their hair, so they called 'thinking about the old'." After a long time, he mistakenly became a 'dead uncle'. "
The first month does not shave the head, the original is "thinking of the old". The first month is the beginning of a year, like the morning of a day. Do not shave your head for a month in the first month to remember the tradition.
When the Manchus entered the Central Plains and established the Qing Dynasty, they wanted to change the customs of all aspects of the dynasties and dynasties for thousands of years, and the resistance in the hearts of the Han people can be imagined.
However, after more than two hundred years, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown by the Xinhai Revolution, and the newly established Government of the Republic of China originally wanted to conform to the will of the people, calling on the people to cut braids and cut off this braid that humiliated the Han nationality for more than two hundred years. ", cut off all the braids!" You know what? hey! A lot of people don't cut it anymore! Cover up and don't cut the braids.
The most famous and stubborn is the braid army of the Beiyang general Zhang Xun, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, in order to show allegiance to the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Xun forbade all his braids to be cut, and his soldiers dragged a large braid, known as the "braid army", and Zhang Xun was called "braided marshal". After Zhang Xun suppressed the Yuan army in 1913, he served as an envoy to the Yangtze River patrol and the overseer of Anhui. In 1917, in the name of mediating the "dispute between the government and the courtyard", he led the braided soldiers into Beijing, and on July 1, he and Kang Youwei supported Puyi's restoration, but on the 12th, they were defeated by the "rebel army" of the Anhui warlord Duan Qirui, and after 11 days of restoration, they fled to the Dutch legation in China.
On September 12, 1923, Zhang Xun, the general director of the "Midsummer Restoration Farce", died in his Tianjin apartment at the age of seventy, still dragging long braids when he was dying (in fact, Puyi had already cut his braids at this time). Zhang Xun's six sons prepared a family sacrifice revelation and published newspapers all over the place. It mentions a number of things that zhang xun's autobiography does not cover, one of which is: In 1915, Zhang Xun came to Beijing to meet the nine-year-old abdication of the little emperor. Some people laughed at his still braids and joked that they wanted to cut his braids, and Zhang Xun was furious and said, "If you move, you will die!" "He kept his promise not to cut his braids until his death, and no one dared to try it." The other is: Before Zhang Xun's death, Puyi of the Forbidden City not only sent a letter of greetings, but also specially sent an imperial doctor to treat him. After learning of this news, Zhang Xun ignored his illness, rolled over and got out of bed, knelt down, and said: "I am seventy years old, Xinhai is not dead, Ding Wei is not dead when he is dead, and he is late to die now!" Can I rest in the pain of remorse? alack! I can't repay the emperor's kindness in case. He cried bitterly on his back, tears spilling over his clothes. It could be seen that Zhang Xun had taken granite head to see Yan Wangye until his death.
There is also a Fujian Xiucai, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, he dragged his braids, from Fujian thousands of miles to Hebei YiXian Qingxi Mausoleum to hang Guangxu, before and after nine times, each time sadly and bitterly weeping.
Beginning in 1913, the Republic of China government sent letters to Puyi, who had abdicated the throne, hoping to persuade manchu qing widows and flag bearers to cut their braids through the Imperial Interior Office. However, several letters from the Republic of China government are like mud cattle entering the sea.
However, eight years later, one day in the spring of 1922, Puyi, who had abdicated in the Forbidden City, suddenly called a eunuch who specially shaved his head and offered to cut off his braids. The emperor wants to cut off the braids? How good is this, the shaved head eunuch did not dare to move at all. In a hurry, Puyi grabbed the scissors himself, "Click! "Cut off your own braids. Knowing that Puyi cut off her braids, the chaos in the palace became a pot of porridge, and the old concubines and palace ladies all cried together. Puyi recorded this scene in "The First Half of My Life", "The princesses cried several times, and the masters had gloomy faces for many days. It is said that at present, the Forbidden City in Beijing has collected this braid that Puyi cut off that year, and many people come to visit it every day.
This year, in the Forbidden City, the Sun Emperor Puyi, who cut his braids, also bought a small car, but because he rarely had the opportunity to go out of the Forbidden City, this car was rarely used and was always placed in a corner of the Forbidden City as a decoration. Puyi, who likes new things, also installed a telephone in the forbidden city's dormitory, often trying to find the phone numbers of some celebrities in the capital, childishly dialing a breath, and then putting down the microphone and laughing. Puyi even submitted articles under the pseudonym Deng Jionglin to the large circulation of Yishi Bao. Deng is one of the most common surnames in China, and "Jionglin" can be interpreted as "Shining Qilin". The editor of Yishi Bao lamented that "Deng Jionglin" had a good talent, and almost all of his poems were published. But throughout, neither the editor nor the reader knew who this person named Deng Jionglin really was.
Maybe Puyi didn't know that although he cut his braids, there were many, many people in the country at that time who hid and refused to cut braids.
There is a physical phenomenon in physics called "inertia", and it seems that the inertia of thought is more intense and persistent than the inertia of matter.