Beijing as China's political and economic center has a history of thousands of years, can be traced back to the Ming and Qing dynasties, before that, most of the capitals of the dynasties chose to be in the south with four seasons and a suitable climate, such as Nanjing, which was once the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, Beijing because it belongs to the north, so it has always been occupied by ethnic minorities, the north is generally nomadic, whenever the cold winter comes, the acquisition of food and other resources has become a big problem, at this time they will go south to invade, plunder resources, and negotiate with the imperial court. So before the Ming and Qing dynasties, Beijing had always been a strategic fortress.
Bringing new life to Beijing, this matter should be attributed to an emperor, Ming Chengzu Zhu Di. In fact, the matter of moving the capital as early as the Zhu Yuanzhang period has had ideas, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing, Nanjing also naturally became the capital, said that Nanjing this place is also quite suitable as a national capital, first of all, located in the southern climate is suitable, followed by the mountainous terrain Yangtze River port, the economy is also developed, in addition to their hometown is also close, can be quickly mobilized to soldiers and horses, if you have to say that there are any shortcomings, it may be that this is not a "longevity" capital, before the Nanjing as the capital of the dynasty, Neither of them lived long, so he had always planned to move the capital north.
Zhu Yuanzhang also sent his son to investigate, mainly chang'an and Luoyang, but just after the inspection of his son died of illness, he naturally did not have the mood to continue to think about the matter of moving the capital, not long after Zhu Yuanzhang died of illness, so the matter of moving the capital was always a regret for him.
Fortunately, his son helped him fulfill this last wish, and after Zhu Di ascended the throne, he resolutely decided to move the capital north. The most important purpose of Zhu Di's desire to move the capital was to consolidate his own power, and he himself thought that the throne was somewhat controversial, some unjustified, and Beijing was once his fiefdom, so it was in his best interest to build the capital here. In this way, under pressure from all sides, the Ming Dynasty moved its capital north. But his decision turned out to be correct, and Beijing's political center has continued to be the present day after the development and prosperity of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Of course, moving is a very long process, we usually have to clean up for a few days to move a house, not to mention moving the capital city. In the past, the first thing to be solved was the problem of living, so Zhu Di decided to use the Nanjing Imperial Palace as the standard to establish the Beijing Imperial Palace, which is also known as the Forbidden City, which is now known as the Forbidden City. Such a huge project can not be completed overnight, so later after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, it was still used as an imperial palace, and built on the basis of the Ming Dynasty, it can be said that the construction of the Forbidden City gathered the wisdom and painstaking efforts of several generations.
The Forbidden City is now a museum, and tens of thousands of tourists come to visit every year to feel the thickness of history, and it is said that every brick and tile is numbered. When you watch costume dramas, you can often hear the names of some palaces, such as the Yangxin Hall, which is where the emperor works, but what you don't know is that this is a very magical place, here is cold and humid all year round, it is reasonable to say that the emperor stays the longest place in the day, should not be cautious when building, and Beijing is located in the north, is not it quite dry, why is it cold and wet?
During a construction and maintenance process, experts discovered the secrets. It turns out that there is a hidden space under the palace, everyone knows that the winter in the north is very cold, so the interior is generally heated, and in order to make the emperor comfortable to spend the cold winter, a simple version of the floor heating was designed when the palace was built. The long pipes at the bottom are crisscrossed and crisscrossed, all over every corner of the Yangxin Hall, and whenever it is winter, the hot water is circulated in the pipe, so that the room will not be very cold, and the emperor can work normally.
But this design only takes into account the convenience of winter, because the water vapor can not evaporate in the pipe, so the room will be cold and humid, but in general, in that era has been very advanced, this should be the prototype of floor heating. Have to admire the wisdom of the ancients, in addition to the warm design of winter, but also in the hot summer, they will put the ice stored in the winter in the copper column to reduce the temperature of the room, not only in the design of the Forbidden City, there are other inventions, indeed we deserve to give a thumbs up.