"A son-in-law and a half son." This is a common saying that the Chinese people like to say, especially today, most families have a child, families with girls always like to say this, people also like to give this word to the parents of girls, both the warmth and touch of the woman's family to marry, but also their beautiful hopes for the future life. There are a lot of things related to it, "cultural products", for example, TV series, sketches and even books, etc., can see that this word is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
However, where is the historical origin of "a son-in-law and half a son"? Old Book of Tang and The Tale of Hui Hui: "Once a brother, now a son-in-law, half a son." This is the earliest source of the idiom "half-son friendship".
Originally found in tribes south of Lake Baikal, the Uighurs now have descendants in Xinjiang and are scattered in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Mongolia, and some parts of Central Asia. In 744, the Uighur alliance led by Bone Force Peiluo overthrew the Later Turkic Khaganate and established the Northern Uighur Khaganate, with the Royal Court (Tooth Tent) located in the Orkhon River Valley, outside mongolia on the banks of the Orkhon River, with forces entering the Tianshan region and Central Asia, and the inhabitants were mainly nomadic. In 788, Hui took the meaning of "swift as a bird" and changed it to Uighur.
This minority regime has always maintained good relations with the Tang Dynasty, the most famous of which is the allusion of "sending goose feathers from a thousand miles": during the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, the Western Hui State was the domain of the Tang Dynasty. Once, in order to show its friendship with the Tang Dynasty, the Hui state sent an emissary, Mian Bogao, to bring a batch of rare and exotic treasures to meet the Tang king. Among the tributes, the most precious is a rare bird, the white swan. However, this Burgao was not careful on the road, letting the white swan fly, leaving only a goose feather in his hand. "What to do?" After thinking about it, Membergao decided to continue eastward, he took out a piece of white silk, carefully wrapped the goose feathers, and inscribed a poem on the silk:
Will the goose tribute to the Tang Dynasty, the mountain high road far away.
Qiuyang Lake was lost, and he fell to the ground and cried.
Shangfu Tang Tianzi can spare Burgao.
The gift is light and the people are heavy, and the goose feathers are sent for thousands of miles.
In the end, Mian Bogao came to Chang'an with jewelry and goose feathers, wearing stars and wearing the moon, and tirelessly. Tang Taizong received Mian Bogao, who offered goose feathers. Tang Taizong read the poem and listened to Membergao's story, and instead of blaming Memborgao, he felt that Membergao was loyal and honest and did not dishonor his mission, so he rewarded him heavily. Since then, there has been an idiom of "sending goose feathers for a thousand miles".
"Once a brother, now a son-in-law, half a son." This sentence was said by the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty to the second Khan of Hui, the Yingwu Weiyuan Khan, Mo Yan.
In the fourteenth year of Tang Xuanzong Tianbao (755), the "Anshi Rebellion" broke out, Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi broke the Anshi rebel army in Hedong and other places, as long as Ge Shuhan insisted on Holding Tongguan, Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi could attack the rear of the rebel army to quell the rebellion, but Tang Xuanzong forced Ge Shuhan out of Tongguan and was ambushed by the rebels, and Almost the entire army of Geshuhan was destroyed, Tongguan was lost, and the Anshi rebels occupied Chang'an. In order to regain Chang'an as soon as possible, Emperor Suzong of Tang sent Li Chengyu(李承寀), the famous general Gu Huai'en (仆古華恩), and the general Shi Dingfan (石定番) two months after Lingwu ascended the throne, that is, in September of the first year of the German dynasty (756), in an attempt to borrow troops. Moyan Khan also had the desire to make friends and marry the Tang Dynasty, so he proposed to marry his daughter to Li Chengyu. In order to achieve the purpose of the envoy, Li Chengyu was named a concubine by Naqi's daughter and was given the title of Princess Vijaya by the Tang Dynasty. The Hui Khan immediately sent reinforcements to help the Tang Dynasty suppress the rebellion, and Li Chengyu and his party successfully completed the mission.
(Old Book of Tang, vol. 145: And in July of the Reign of Emperor Deyuan, Emperor Suzong ascended the throne at Lingwu.) He was sent to the throne of Ying, made the King of Stew Huang, and the general Shi Dingfan (石定番) to repair the conscription. As for his teeth, the Khan married a daughter to Chengcai, sent the chief to the dynasty, asked for peace, and crowned Princess Hui hui as Princess Vijaya. ）
This marriage played a very good effect at that time, and Hui Hui sent large armies three times in 756, 757 and 762 to help Tang quell the rebellion and recover Chang'an, Luoyang, Hebei and other places. In order to further beg for reinforcements, Emperor Suzong of Tang married his daughter Princess Ningguo and Princess Xiaoningguo (小宁国公主), the daughter of Li Wan the Prince of Rong, to Princess Vijaya's father, Mo Yansi, in 758.
The specific historical details are as follows: At that time, Tang Suzong sent the princess of Ningguo to Cimenyi in Xianyang, and the princess cried and said: "The country is serious, and there is no hatred in death!" Tang Suzong drooled and returned. Escorting Princess Ningguo was Li Yu, the King of Hanzhong. According to the Old Book of Tang, (Li) Yu went to his tooth tent, and Vijaya Khan was dressed in ochre and yellow robes, bearded hats, sitting on the bed in the middle of the tent, and the ceremonial guards were very prosperous, and He Yu stood outside the tent, saying: "The king is the heavenly Khan Who is his relative?" Yu Yue: "It's Tang Tianzi's cousin." "Yu does not worship and stands. The Khan reported: "The lords and subjects of the two countries are courteous, so why not worship?" "Tang Tianzi thought that the Khan had merit, so it was better to marry a daughter to a Khan, compared to the Chinese and foreign relatives, all of whom were children of the clan and were named princesses." Princess Jinningguo, the true daughter of Tianzi, and has a talented appearance, married to the Khan. Khan was the son-in-law of the Tang family and had a courtesy. You must sit on the bed and be commanded! "The Khan was commanded and ordained. On the day of the wing, the princess was Ke Dun (queen), and the chief of the Tang Dynasty rejoiced: "The Son of Heaven of the Tang Kingdom is precious, and the true daughter will come." ”
Li Yu returned and reported the situation to the emperor, saying that the Hui Qi Khan was happy with peace and relatives, and his courtesy was very respectful (Old Book of Tang: First set up a big public opinion qu, set up a small seat in front, the xiang led the princess to ascend to public opinion, the hui jiu surname divided their public opinion, and turned right with the sun to the court of the ninth, and the princess was descended to the public opinion and sat eastward with the khan. Since then, his subordinates have made pilgrims and worshiped Ketun), and the emperor (emperor) said: "Once a brother, now he is a son-in-law, and half a son." ”
Perhaps in order to repay this "half-son friendship", it is recorded that the horse silk trade between the two sides has since become more prosperous, and the Uighurs have taken tens of thousands of horses to trade with the Tang Dynasty every year, and the Tang Dynasty has always bought them all at a higher price than the horses of other ethnic groups. In the horse silk trade that lasted for 80 years, the Uighurs obtained the silk they needed from the Uighurs, increasing their wealth, while the Tang Dynasty achieved the goal of maintaining border security and internal stability.
The American historian Han Sen believed in his book "New History of the Silk Road" that the high-priced acquisition of the Tang Dynasty came from the "retribution" for the Uighurs' troops, on the grounds that the Tang Dynasty at that time no longer needed so many horses, and this became a major economic burden in the late Tang Dynasty. Based on this, Han Sen concluded that the greatest trade on the Silk Roads did not come from merchants, but from governments and armies.
Historically, the Uighurs were the ancestors of the Uyghurs and Yugurs, and now they read it with a different kind of warmth of national unity, which is very touching. (Wen | Lusheng)