Recently, a reader left a message asking about 5 more provinces in the Qing Dynasty than in the Ming Dynasty, which 5 provinces are specific? In addition, is the capital of Jiangsu Province Jiangning or Suzhou? This question may be of interest to everyone, so Yushi will talk to you about this topic.
Local administration in the Qing Dynasty, like the Ming Dynasty, implemented a hierarchical system of governance. The Great Qing Huidian records that:
"The governor and the governor shall be divided into the department of the administration and the division of the inspection, and shall be divided into guards and patrols. Si Dao divided its rule into prefectures and prefectures. The prefecture is divided into departments, prefectures, and counties; the directly subordinate departments and directly subordinate prefectures are divided into counties. Let it be pressed down. ”
That is to say, the highest administrative organ of the local authority is the governor and the inspector, followed by the department of cloth administration and the division of the inspection department, as well as the sub-guard and sub-patrol road, and then the government, the directly subordinate department, and the directly subordinate prefecture, and the grass-roots political power is the scattered hall, the scattered prefecture and the county.
The local administrative system of the Qing Dynasty was the continuation and development of the Ming Dynasty system. In the Ming Dynasty, in terms of local administration, it implemented a three-level system of provinces, prefectures and counties. Among them is the establishment of "states". However, after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the governor, the inspector and other poor officials gradually fixed down, becoming an administrative hierarchy that surpassed the three divisions of the capital, the cloth, and the press. Qing along the Ming system, continued this setting, and it was sorted out to become a generation of customization.
Although local administration in the Qing Dynasty was at the highest level, the administrative division was still the largest region in the province. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, along the system of the Ming Dynasty, the thirteen provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Huguang, Sichuan, Guangdong, Yunnan and Guizhou were placed.
In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the province was changed to Jiangnan Province, and the Tianfu was changed to Jiangning Province, and it was designated as the provincial capital. In the same year, the change from the north to the direct subordination, but the direct subordination was called the province in the early years of the Kangxi Dynasty. Because it is close to Gyeonggi, there is no second division of government and cha, and the title of taoist and envoy and envoy are used to govern local government affairs.
In the eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1669), he set up a guard and patrolled the second road in Baoding Province, and commanded the province's money and grain and criminal names. In the same year, the inspectors directly under the direct subordination moved from Zhending Province to Baoding Province, and the direct subordinate was initially called the province. At the time of Shun and Kang, some provinces with larger jurisdictions also began to be divided into two.
First, Jiangnan Province is divided into Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province
Jiangnan Province was founded in the second year of Shunzhi, when Jiangnan Province had a large jurisdiction, and two envoys on the left and the right were placed to rule the administrative affairs of the province. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), the Right Cloth Envoy Division of Jiangnan Province was moved to Suzhou Prefecture, with jurisdiction over the five prefectures of Jiangning, Suzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, and Zhenjiang; the Left Cloth Envoy Division was still stationed in Jiangning Province, with jurisdiction over Fengyang, Huai'an, Yangzhou, Luzhou, Anqing, Taiping, Chizhou, Huizhou, and Ningguo Jiufu, as well as the four prefectures directly under Xuzhou, Chuzhou, Hezhou, and Guangde. This is also the beginning of the division of Jiangnan Province into Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province.
In the fifth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1666), Huai'an, Yangzhou Erfu and Xuzhou, which belonged to the Left Cloth Envoy Division, were always subordinate to the prefectures and assigned to the Right Cloth Envoy Division; in the sixth year of Kangxi, the Left Cloth Political Envoy Division was changed to the Anhui Cloth Envoy Division, still stationed in Jiangning Province; the Right Cloth Political Envoy Division was changed to the Jiangsu Cloth Political Envoy Division, still stationed in Suzhou Province. Hence the name Of Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province.
In the twenty-fifth year of Qianlong (1760), the Anhui Provincial Envoy Department was moved to Anqing Province; Jiangsu Province added the Jiangning Cloth Envoy Division, stationed in Jiangning Province, coexisting with the Jiangsu Cloth Envoy Department stationed in Suzhou, and the four prefectures of Jiangning, Huai'an, Yangzhou, and Xuzhou, which belonged to the Jiangsu Cloth Envoy Department, and the two prefectures directly subordinate to Haizhou and Tongzhou were under the jurisdiction of the Jiangning Cloth Envoy Department. At this point, Jiangsu Province had two envoys, Jiangning and Suzhou were both the capitals of Jiangsu Province, which was also a special case among the provinces of the Qing Dynasty.
Second, Shaanxi separated Gansu Province
Shaanxi Province has been under the jurisdiction of Xi'an, Yan'an, Fengxiang, Hanzhong, Lintao, Pingliang, Gongchang, Qingyang and Xing'an, and the provincial capital is Xi'an. In the second year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1663), the Shaanxi Cloth Envoy Division was divided into the Left and Right Cloth Envoy Divisions. The Left Envoy Division was stationed in Xi'an Prefecture, which was divided into the four prefectures of Xi'an, Yan'an, Fengxiang, Hanzhong, and Xing'an; the Right Cloth Political Envoy Division was moved to Gongchang Prefecture and divided into the four provinces of Pingliang, Gongchang, Qingyang, and Lintao.
In the sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, he changed the left political envoy department to the Shaanxi cloth political envoy department, and changed the right cloth political envoy department to the Gansu cloth political envoy department, so it had the name of Gansu Province. In the eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the provincial capital was moved to Lanzhou, which belonged to Lintao Province, and in the third year of Qianlong, Lintao Province was changed to Lanzhou Prefecture. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Gansu Province led to eight provinces: Lanzhou, Gongchang, Pingliang, Qingyang, Ningxia, Xining, Liangzhou, and Ganzhou.
Third, Huguang Province is divided into two provinces: Hubei and Hunan
Huguang Province originally administered the fifteen provinces and two prefectures, with Wuchang Province as the provincial capital. In the third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1664), the Department of Political Envoys of Huguang was divided into left and right envoys, but it was still called Huguang Province. The Left Envoy Division still ruled Wuchang Prefecture, with jurisdiction over the eight prefectures of Wuchang, Hanyang, Huangzhou, Anlu, De'an, Jingzhou, Xiangyang, and Yunyang; the Right Envoy Division ruled Changsha Prefecture, which was divided into Changsha, Hengzhou, Yongzhou, Baoqing, Chenzhou, Changde, Yuezhou, and chen and Jing prefectures.
In the sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the Left Cloth Envoy Department was changed to the Hubei Cloth Envoy Department, and the Right Cloth Political Envoy Department was the Hunan Cloth Political Envoy Department, which was originally called Hubei Province and Hunan Province. At this point, the Qing Dynasty had the so-called "Eighteen Provinces" system.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the number of provinces increased again. In the 10th year of Guangxu (1884), Xinjiang was established as a province with jurisdiction over six provinces, nine halls, three prefectures, and twenty-one counties; in the eleventh year of Guangxu, the Taiwan region originally belonging to Fujian Province was changed to Taiwan Province, with jurisdiction over three provinces, one prefecture, three halls, and eleven counties; in the thirty-third year of Guangxu, the northeastern region was established as Fengtian, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces. Thus, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were twenty-three provinces.