A generation of genius, Genghis Khan! Only know how to bend the bow to shoot the big eagle!
So the question is, can Genghis Khan only shoot large eagles?
For Genghis Khan, who built the huge Mongol Empire, it was obvious that he would not only know how to bend the bow and shoot the big eagle. As a rare hero of the Mongolian steppe, he integrated the original loosely organized Mongolian tribes into a whole. It was he who brought these steppe people deep inland on the road to conquering the four directions.
So how did the Mongol Empire, which once flourished in Eurasia, develop later? Are there still countries that exist? In ancient times, I will briefly introduce the development and current situation of the Mongol Empire after Genghis Khan.
After the death of Genghis Khan, Wokoutai succeeded the Mongol Great Khan and continued to launch a western expedition against Europe
Before his death, Genghis Khan had already occupied the Mongol region of Central Asia and divided it into three khanates, namely the Wokoutai Khanate, the Chincha Khanate and the Chagatai Khanate, thus forming the prototype of the four great khanates together with the land in East Asia owned by the Mongol Khan.
After genghis Khan's death, because Wokoutai was designated as the heir during genghis Khan's time, he became the new Great Khan of Mongolia very smoothly at the Mongolian Kuritai Congress, and he naturally merged his Wokoutai Khanate with the territory directly under the Mongol Great Khan.
During the reign of the Mongol Empire in Wokoutai, the Mongol Empire completed the campaign to destroy the Jin Dynasty and invaded the Song Dynasty's Sichuan, Jingxiang and Lianghuai regions. At the same time, as the legacy of Genghis Khan, he continued to launch the eldest son's army to the west, pointing directly at the eastern European plains, during which he conquered Chincha and Huoluosi, and pushed the territory of the Mongol Empire to Europe.
The short-lived Guiyu, the Legal System of the Mongol Empire was changed from the Wokoutai system to the Torre system
In 1241, the second Great Khan of the Mongols, Wat Koutai, died of illness. The Mongol Empire was temporarily regent by Empress Zhaoci of Wokoutai. Later, in 1246, the Kuritai Assembly of the Mongol Empire was held, and finally the eldest son of Wokoutai, Guiyu, was elected to succeed to the Khan's throne, but Guiyu was really short-lived, and he died of illness after less than two years, after which the Mongol Empire held the Kuritai Assembly again, and finally elected Möngke of the Torre clan as the new Mongol Great Khan.
After Möngke succeeded to the throne, he immediately divided the Ilkhanate in the present-day Iranian plateau, and Guiyu's descendants re-established the new Wokoutai Khanate among several major khanates, but because Guiyu did not designate an heir before his death, the foundation of the khanate's rule was relatively weak, the power struggle within the family was fierce, and the rule of the khanate was not really formed, and finally most of them resumed the form of nomadic tribes. Since then, the four khanates of the Mongol Empire have been formally established.
Möngke was killed in battle, and Kublai Khan skipped the Kuritai Assembly to proclaim himself the Great Khan, but the three khanates did not recognize it
After Möngke's death, the Kuritai Assembly was supposed to be held in the Mongolian steppe to elect the new Great Khan of Mongolia. However, Kublai Khan was worried that his position in the hearts of the representatives was inferior to that of his younger brother Ali, so he directly held the Kuritai Assembly in the south, announced that he had succeeded the Mongol Great Khan, and established the Yuan Dynasty in 1271.
Because Kublai Khan's actions were the most serious provocation to the Mongolian system since the establishment of Genghis Khan. To this end, after the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, except for the Ilkhanate in the Middle East, the other three khanates announced that they would no longer recognize the suzerainty status of the Yuan Dynasty, and began to form their own lineage and move towards the path of independent development.
The Ilkhanate, the loyal younger brother of the Yuan Dynasty, also no longer recognized the suzerainty of the Yuan Dynasty after Kublai Khan's death. Since then, the situation of the Yuan Dynasty and the four khanates and the five kingdoms standing side by side has officially taken shape.
The development and demise of the five khanates
Khanate of Chincha
Founded in 1219, the Mongolian history books called "Shuchiin Uluth", which was the fiefdom given by Genghis Khan to his eldest son Shuchi. People are relatively unfamiliar with the name of this khanate today, but if another name of this khanate is mentioned, many people may think of it, that is, the "Golden Horde".
This "Golden Horde" was the suzerainty that russia's predecessor, the Principality of Rus and other Eastern European countries both loved and hated, and the Eastern European Slavic nobles, during the reign of the Golden Horde, had to happily pay taxes to the Great Khan of the Golden Horde every year, and at the same time receive the Khan's whip. In the eyes of the Slavs, the rule of the Mongol Golden Horde was extremely abusive.
Later, in the late 15th century, the Chincha Khanate was defeated by the later rising Timurid Khanate, and its strength began to gradually weaken. The Golden Horde' former vassal State, the Principality of Rus, took advantage of the decline of the Golden Horde to gradually encroach on the Golden Horde and eventually establish what is now Russia, and the Golden Horde was finally destroyed in 1502.
Chagatai Khanate
It was chagatai, the son of Genghis Khan, and was founded as a khanate in 1222. Because Chagatai, as the elder brother of Wokoutai, occupied a great voice in the upper ruling system of the Mongol Empire. At the same time, he not only ruled over the Uluth and the army given by Genghis Khan, but also enjoyed supreme power in his Chagatai Khanate.
However, the history of the chagatai khanate's ruling system was more complicated, and after chagatai's death, his grandson Hala Kul was succeeded to the khan's throne. Since Möngke was succeeding to the throne of the Mongol Great Khan at this time, the Chagatai and Wokoutai families were firmly opposed to Möngke's succession, so Möngke handed over the best region in Central Asia, the Hezhong region, to the rule of Badu.
This limited the territory of khazar to the eastern region of the Chagatai Khanate, and because he himself had not yet arrived at the mansion, he died on the way, and later Chagatai's sixth son Aruku recaptured the hezhong region from Battus, which eventually made the Chagatai Khanate a truly independent khanate.
The hezhong region was the ruling center of the Chagatai Khanate, and the Mongol nobles who migrated to the hezhong region partially converted to Islam and actively advocated Turkification as they lived in the area for a long time. However, there were also some Mongol nobles who opposed Turkification and advocated maintaining the original nomadic way of life and customs.
When the contradictions between the two sides were irreconcilable, after 1321, the Chagatai Khanate was divided into two parts, the eastern part was called ''Mughalstan'', in 1514 it was replaced by the Yarkand Khanate, the Remaining Pulse established the Turpan Khanate, and later destroyed by the Dzungar Khanate in 1680, and the western part was called ''Mavilanar'' after a brief reign, replaced by the rapidly growing Timurid Empire in 1369.
Wokoutai Khanate
It was a territory directly under the second Great Mongol Khan, Kuotai, and was established in 1225, due to the illness and death of Wokoutai, and the subsequent brief rule of Guiyu did not really effectively administer the khanate, making this khanate a relatively short existence among the four great Mongol khanates, existing for only 84 years.
It is also interesting to say that the Wokoutai Khanate was not destroyed, but was jointly divided and destroyed by the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan Dynasty. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1309), the last Khan of the Wokoutai Khanate, Chaba'er, was defeated by the Chagatai Khanate due to his unsuccessful participation in an internal struggle in the Chagatai Khanate, and finally fled to the Shunyuan Dynasty, and was named the King of Runing by the Yuan Dynasty. Most of the territory under his name was occupied by the newly enthroned Chagatai Khan, and most of the rest was incorporated into the territory of the Yuan Dynasty, and the Wokoutai Khanate was destroyed.
Ilkhanate
Also translated as the Ilkhanate or Ilkhanate, one of the four major khanates of the Mongol Empire, the most loyal vassal state in the early days of the Yuan Dynasty, hulagu, the son of Genghis Khan's fourth son Toray, was established in 1256, and its rule was mainly in the area of the present-day Iranian plateau.
The Ilkhanate had the shortest existence, at only 79 years. It was destroyed by the Khanate of Chincha in 1335. Although his descendants later established a Razak dynasty in Tabriz, this small dynasty existed for only half a century before being destroyed by the newly rising Timurid Khanate.
The existing Mongol state
At present, there is only one Mongolian country in the true sense of the word in the world. In general, these so-called Mongol states, like the Mongolian Navy, are countries with a weak sense of existence, which have long ceased to be the grandeur of the Mongol Empire.
epilogue
The Yuan Dynasty was the successor of the Mongol Empire, and the Four Khanates were also active in Eurasia with the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty. Together, they formed the most powerful Mongol Empire in human history. Just as the rise of the Mongols was based on Genghis Khan's reinforcement of the Mongol cavalry, their decline, like the cessation of their pace of conquest, gradually exposed the flaws of their rule, and their demise was only in the nick of time.
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