We have the inherent impression that cultural relics should be unearthed in ancient tombs, cellars or ruins, but you may not know that there are many treasures of cultural relics underwater that have not yet been discovered by humans. After the famous "Nanhai No. 1" came out of the water, experts found a large number of precious cultural relics inside it, and one of them was defined as the culprit of the sinking of the ship. What exactly is it? If you want to know, let Xiaobian reveal the secret for you:
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In 1978, the Guangzhou Salvage Bureau cooperated with foreign maritime exploration companies to find the Salvage East India Company shipwreck Rhineberg. The two sides cooperated in the search, but did not find the target shipwreck, but found another ancient shipwreck under the 23-meter depth of the sea. After preliminary detection and salvage, many precious cultural relics have been out of the water, experts believe that its value is huge, and at the same time named the shipwreck "Song yuan shipwreck in the waters of Chuanshan Islands", which is later known as "South China Sea No. 1".
The number of cultural relics in the "Song and Yuan Shipwrecks" is very large, about 143,000 pieces, including a large number of porcelain, coins, silk, metal products, lacquered wood, and a large number of animal and plant remains. According to the style of cultural relics, experts concluded that the wreck should be a foreign trade merchant ship in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is an important physical evidence of China's ancient export commodities.
The "Song and Yuan shipwrecks" have been lying quietly on the seabed for 800 years, and many of the cultural relics on the ship have also been eroded by the years, many of which have been unrecognizable. In the face of such a scene, the experts felt very sad, and immediately drew a big question mark from the bottom of their hearts, how did the "Song Yuan shipwreck" sink?
Experts have conducted real-life simulations of the "Song And Yuan shipwreck", and speculated according to the sinking state of the ship's remains on the seabed, the "Song Yuan shipwreck" is likely to be "sunk into the seabed in a nearly perfect upright state", as for the reason for its sinking, it should be a serious shift in the center of gravity.
After meticulous investigation and research, experts found that the loading method of the "Song and Yuan Shipwreck" was very special, and the lowest layer of its warehouse was placed with various porcelains, while the top layer was placed with pieces of rust lumps with strange shapes.
What exactly is a rust bump? They are iron pots stacked on top of each other, because the physical properties of iron are lively, resulting in serious erosion of seawater, and they will rust and stick into large iron lumps.
From this, experts speculated about the cargo carrying method of the "Song and Yuan shipwrecks", that is, the merchant ships first loaded porcelain in Quanzhou Port, then went south to Guangzhou Port, loaded a huge number of iron pots here, and then sailed to Southeast Asian countries. In this way of loading, it is likely that the shipper plans to unload the iron pot after the ship arrives at its destination, and then unload the porcelain.
However, this "stupid" shipper could not imagine that his seemingly perfect "cargo" plan eventually became the fuse for the sinking of the merchant ship. Because after a kind of cargo encountered a storm, a large area of movement occurred in the cabin, resulting in a shift in the center of gravity of the hull. After a long period of deduction, the experts finally determined that the goods that changed the center of gravity were the large iron pots that had condensed into iron lumps.
We can restore the scene at that time, "Song and Yuan shipwrecks" loaded with porcelain in the lower cabin, and then in the uppermost cabin, successively loaded a large number of iron pots, due to the special shape of the iron pot structure, so it can only be temporarily placed in the cabin in a stack, and it is not specially fixed.
As a storm hit the sea, the iron pot, which had not yet been fixed at this time, began to drift and slide in a bumpy state, and then all of them fell on the side of the bow of the ship. Because the weight and quantity of the iron pot are very large, the center of gravity of the ship is shifted instantaneously, so that the entire merchant ship is formed in an upright state and slowly sinks to the bottom of the sea.
It has to be said that the discovery of the "Song and Yuan shipwrecks" is both joyful and sad, and the gratifying thing is that the huge number of precious cultural relics inside the shipwreck is a rare treasure in the archaeological history of our country; sadly, 800 years ago, because of a small negligence of the shipwright, such a huge loss was caused, and such a bloody lesson is worthy of our descendants to remember deeply.
Wen xiucai, editor-in-chief of Wenlan Hairun Studio, written by: Special history writer: Changshan Zhao Zi worm