Perilla frutescens L is an annual herb, the genus Perisso in the family Peristome, which is one of the medicinal and food homologous plants published by the former Ministry of Health, and one of the first 60 kinds of chinese medicines issued by the Ministry of Health that are both food and medicine. The plant is native to the Himalayas and the central and southern regions of China, and there are wild and cultivated species in North China, South China, Central China, Southwest China and Taiwan, with a long history of cultivation. The medicinal sites of perilla are leaves, stems, and seeds, which are derived from their dried leaves, dried stems, and fruits, respectively. Different medicinal parts of folium perillae, perilla stem and perilla seed are included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Su leaves are divided into "white su" and "perilla", the leaves are green on both sides called "white su", the back of the leaf is cyan and the back is purple, or both sides are purple called "perilla". Shiso and Baisu have been treated differently since the beginning of the "Famous Doctor's Catalogue", and it is customary to think that the fragrant shiso is better than the white su. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that both can have antipyretic, anti-nausea, cough and asthmatic effects, and the volatile oil toxicity of white su is less than that of perilla. Song Dynasty ancient medical texts know that perilla can enter the blood and stop bleeding, while baisu has no record of this effect.
Perilla leaves
Perilla leaves have the effect of relieving the cold, qi and stomach. Perilla stem has the effects of rationalizing qi, relieving pain, and relieving fetus; perilla seeds have the effects of lowering breath and eliminating phlegm, calming asthma, and moisturizing the intestines. China has developed more than 10 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine preparations containing perilla, such as Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid, Huoxiang Zhengqi Water, Tongxuanli Lung Pills, Ginseng Su Pills, and Children's Lung Qing Pills. In addition to being medicinal, perilla also has extremely high nutritional value and is a fashionable vegetable and health care product. Therefore, the use value of perilla is attracting worldwide attention.
On August 1, 2019, Taiji Group Chongqing Fuling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. produced Taiji brand Huoxiang Zhengqi oral liquid
The treatment range of perilla leaves is wide, including acute and chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), atherosclerosis, gastritis, nephritis, diabetes, tumors, purulent inflammation on the surface of the body, etc. Perilla proto-variant, wild perilla and lycheole aqueous extracts have extensive and effective inhibitory effects on otitis, atopic dermatitis, hepatitis, colitis and nephritis, while the anti-inflammatory activity studies of ethanol and methanol extracts at different concentrations have mainly focused on otitis, skin allergies and respiratory inflammation (allergic rhinitis, asthma, chronic bronchitis and acute lung injury, etc.), and their main anti-inflammatory components are perchal, isoperhione, luteolin, rosemary acid. Pharmacological studies have shown that perilla leaf extract has a good alleviation effect on acute and chronic inflammation, local tissue and systemic inflammation in large and mouse, which is related to its mechanism of action such as regulating the activity and function of immune cells, inhibiting the release and activity of inflammatory mediators, regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and the anti-inflammatory active substances are volatile oils, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Perilla leaf extract has good anti-atherosclerosis and high-fat fatty liver effects, and its mechanism of action may be related to its effective regulation of blood lipids and anti-lipid peroxidation. Perilla can improve immunity in the anti-tumor at the same time can be a good treatment for nausea and vomiting symptoms caused by chemotherapy drugs. In addition, perilla leaves can also antidepressant, treatment of depression. Different concentrations of perilla stem aqueous extracts can significantly increase the phosphorylation level of proteins in Hep G2 cells, as well as the phosphorylation levels of the key protein insulin receptor IRβ and extracellular signal-regulating kinase ERK in the insulin signaling pathway. Therefore, it is speculated that perilla terrier may have lowered the blood glucose of type 2 diabetes model mice by inhibiting the enzyme activity of SHP-1, thereby activating the insulin signaling pathway. Perilla leaf polysaccharides inhibit the inflammatory response in COPD rats and reduce airway remodeling, which may be associated with inhibition of the Wnt/PCP pathway, so it can also be used to treat cCOPD. [1-4]
Copd is a disease characterized by irreversible airflow limitation of the airways
Perilla not only has a high medicinal value, but is also an indispensable condiment in the kitchen. In a literature on basa fish defishing, the author used perilla extracts to defish the basa fillets. The one-way experiment was carried out by combining the fishy taste value and color difference value, combined with electronic nose-assisted analysis, and the defishing process parameters were optimized by orthogonal test, and the differences in volatile compounds in basa fish pieces before and after defishing were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results show that the optimal process conditions for defishing are: 3% concentration of perilla extract, defishing time of 60 min, and defishing temperature of 20 °C. Under these conditions, the fillets have no obvious earthy smell, and the flesh is white and has a faint perilla aroma. After the perilla water extract is defished, the main fishy substances such as hexanal, nonaldehyde, 1-octen-3-alcohol and other major fishy substances in the fish meat are greatly reduced. It can be seen that perilla extract can effectively reduce the fishy taste of basa fish and improve the flavor characteristics of fish fillets [5]. Some scholars also took the addition of fermented perilla powder with different content as the experimental group, added different content of unfermented perilla powder as the control group, and took the hardness, elasticity, cohesion, chewability and specific volume as the investigation indexes to compare the effect of perilla powder on the physical characteristics of the cake before and after fermentation. The results showed that with the increase of perilla powder addition, the overall hardness and chewability of the cake showed an upward trend, while the elasticity, cohesion and specific volume of the cake showed an overall downward trend; the hardness, elasticity, cohesion, chewability and specific volume of the fermented perilla powder cake with an added amount of 25% were 50.80 g, 0.327, 0.71, 3.97 mJ and 2.90 mL/g, respectively, and the hardness, elasticity, cohesion, chewability and specific volume of the fermented perilla powder cake with the same amount added were 50.80 g, 0.327, 0.71, 3.97 mJ and 2.90 mL/g, respectively. Specific volumes were 67.50 g, 0.260, 0.70, 5.71 mJ and 2.89 mL/g, respectively. Perilla powder is fermented and then added to cakes, which is of better quality than adding unleavened perilla powder cakes.[6]
Basha fish with a little perilla can remove the fishy smell
bibliography:
Yang H, Ma Pei, Lin M B, et al. Research progress on chemical composition, anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of perilla leaf[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2017, 31(3):8.
GUO Xuehong. New advances in pharmacology and clinical research of Chinese medicine perilla[J]. Tianjin Pharmaceutical Science, 2016, 28(2):4.
Zhong P, Wang Z Z, Liu Y M, et al. Research progress on volatile oil chemical composition and pharmacological effects of perilla leaf[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Formulary, 2021, 27(13):11.
Wang Wenjing,Liu Xuemei,Zhang Guiqin. Effect of perilla leaf polysaccharides on airway inflammation response and airway remodeling in COPD rats through Wnt/PCP pathway[J].Herald of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2021,27(10):37-41.
Bao Jiali,Fang Xubo,Chen Xiao'e,Liu Suting,Zhang Fang,Shen Junying. Optimization of defishing process and analysis of fishy substances in basa fillets[J/OL].Food Industry Science and Technology:1-12[2021-12-07]
.https://doi.org/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021070259.
Tian Haijuan,Qin Mingyue,Chen Yiting,Liu Shasha. Effect of fermented perilla powder on the physical characteristics of cake[J].Grain and Oil,2021,34(10):126-128+152.